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Participação dos neurônios orexinérgicos na resposta ventilatória ao CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-19) Silva, Eliandra Nunes da; Horta-Júnior, José de Anchieta de Castro e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2577584360099382; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3639-9861; Dias, Mirela Barros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3203493045928389; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-3139; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0614927294579784; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-5851
Orexinergic (OX) neurons, through the release of orexins, modulate several functions including sleep- wakefulness states and central chemoreception. OX receptors are expressed in regions involved in the control and modulation of the ventilatory response to CO2, such as the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the peduncle pontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that orexinergic neurons stimulate the commissural nucleus of solitary tract (cNTS) and PPTg during central chemoreflex activation. Using a whole-body plethysmography system, our objective was to evaluate the ventilatory response to CO2 in Wistar rats during microdialysis of the OX-1R antagonist SB-334867 (5 mM) in the cNTS and PPTg. The experiments were carried out during the light and dark phases of diurnal cycle, and the microdialysis protocols in the cNTS were performed as follow: (1) hyperoxic normocapnia (0% CO2, 93% O2) and (2) hyperoxic hypercapnia (7% CO2, 93% or 50% O2), and microdialysis protocols in PPTg in: (1) normoxic normocapnia and (2) normoxic hypercapnia (7% CO2). We observed that OX-1R antagonism in NTSc and in NTgPP caused a significant attenuation in CO2 ventilatory responses compared to vehicle during wakefulness in the light phase of the diurnal cycle. Thus, our data suggest that orexinergic signaling contributes, via OX-1R in NTSc and NTgPP, to hypercapnic chemoreflex control during wakefulness in the light phase of the diurnal cycle.
Previsão de variáveis climáticas e classificação de risco de incêndios florestais no Pantanal brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-19) Zamith Santos, Bruna; Cerri, Ricardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6266519868438512; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3805045333740740
The Pantanal biome is of inestimable ecological importance, mainly due to its fauna and flora. However, this biome is constantly threatened by the occurrence and recurrence of forest fires, which are strongly associated with the regions climatic conditions. Thus, methods for forecasting and classifying forest fire risk are essential for forest fire prevention and firefighting planning in the Brazilian Pantanal region. The main fire risk indexes known in the literature have limitations, such as (1) not adjusting to the characteristics of each biome; (2) being limited to specific climatic variables; (3) not being able to predict forest fire risk for a given number of days. This last aspect, in particular, is of utmost relevance. Addressing it allows for coordinated planning and action by environmental authorities with adequate anticipation. Aiming to solve this problem, this study developed a software capable of: (1) Climatic variables forecasting for a given number of days; and (2) Forest fire risk classification in the Brazilian Pantanal. For the first objective, different time series prediction algorithms based on Machine Learning (ML) were tested for climactic variables forecasting. This prediction is used as input for the second objective, for which different classification algorithms, also based on ML, were tested. Such software was then improved from a exhaustive hyperparameters search approach to two different Genetic Algorithms (GAs) approaches: Traditional and NSGA-II. Results for both software versions were evaluated based on the average correlation between forest fire risk classes and hotspots' observation. The exhaustive search version demonstrated that the software can outperform the main statistical forest fire indexes regarding "Null", "Low", "High" and "Very High" classes. When it comes to the GA version, the software was competitive to the forest fire indexes, still with the advantage of being able to predict the forest fire risk for a given number of days.
Estudo da cadeia produtiva, mercado e de atributos físico-químicos de azeites de abacate produzidos no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-19) Rosa, Ana Gabriela Ramos; Pereira, Gustavo das Graças; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6055750211001915; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-2565; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9540874104546650
Despite having a high commercial value due to its nutritional and sensory properties, avocado oil is still a product that has yet to be widely used in Brazil. In this sense, the general objective of this work was to evaluate the quality attributes and understand the production chain of Brazilian avocado oil. The experimental part of this project was divided into three stages. First, the characterization of avocado oil samples produced in Brazil was carried out regarding the quality parameters. Steps 2 and 3 consisted of conducting two surveys via an online form to understand the avocado oil production chain and market. It was observed that the AA1 avocado oil sample had a high content of free fatty acids and a higher chlorophyll concentration than the AA2 sample. Additionally, both samples demonstrated resistance to oxidation and maintenance of chlorophyll content during 30 days of storage at room temperature. The present work also presented a survey of information on the avocado oil production and market chain, which allows for a better understanding of the characteristics, potential, and weaknesses of this segment in Brazil.
Desenvolvimento de sensores colorimétricos baseados em compostos amido/cera de abelha e antocianinas por casting contínuo para embalagens inteligentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-19) Luchesi, Bruno Ribeiro; Moreira, Francys Kley Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7156680316782417; Marconcini, José Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5373845785326215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2555639237407352
Intelligent packaging are systems capable of communicating the conditions of the packed food and different approaches can be used to produce such packaging, for instance, the production of quality indicators based on components that change their color when stimulated by the environment. Among these, anthocyanins stand out as non-toxic natural compounds whose color is pH dependent. Colorimetric films containing anthocyanins can be obtained using starch as a polymeric matrix, an abundant, eco-friendly, and low-cost natural polymer. However, starch films have low resistance to moisture, which is worsened upon anthocyanins incorporation. In this thesis, it was proposed the obtaining of colorimetric sensory films based on starch and anthocyanin extracts incorporated with beeswax (30%, m/m) as a hydrophobizing agent. The films were obtained by continuous solution casting to scale up their production, thus filling the scientific gap in suitable processing techniques for colorimetric sensors based on anthocyanins. The scientific perspective of this thesis was expanded by exploring hibiscus, banana bracts, and jaboticaba peels as sources of anthocyanins and their influence on the physical properties and performance of the starch sensors. The incorporation of extracts and beeswax modified the mechanical properties of the films, whose tensile strength and elastic modulus being 60% and 70% lower, respectively, and elongation at break 400% greater than those of films containing only the extracts. Furthermore, the presence of beeswax reduced the water vapor permeability by 40% and increased surface hydrophobicity in 70% of the sensory films, but without significantly influencing their optical properties. All starch/beeswax/anthocyanin films were sensitive to NH3, a volatile compound released during the rotting of some foods, at a concentration equal to 100 µg m-2, guaranteeing their potential application in intelligent packaging.
A disputa pela legitimidade na produção cultural: o caso de Olavo de Carvalho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-19) Olmos, Gabriel Bruno Átila Fiorotti; Rodrigues, Lidiane Soares; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5343968646005766; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2011-9888; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9306401737454786; Cepêda, Vera Alves; Canhada, Júlio Miranda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8843137304026573
This master's research examines the legitimization strategies employed by Olavo de Carvalho in his attempt to establish authority within the intellectual field as a professor and philosopher. We analyzed his literary works and his activity on social media, focusing on the symbolic dispute he engages in with the philosopher Marilena Chauí, a faculty member in the Philosophy Department at the University of São Paulo (USP). In addition, we collected data on the individuals most frequently mentioned by Olavo de Carvalho in order to contextualize his work. We investigated how he seeks legitimacy in cultural production, the specific strategies he employs, and the role of conservatism in shaping his intellectual formation. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the legitimization strategies adopted by public intellectuals in the contemporary intellectual landscape.
Finanças Comportamentais e Vieses nas Decisões de Investimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-19) Andriotta, Carina Thaís; Santana, Naja Brandão; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4950197164940762; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0378-0167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5966567964829914; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8993-5979
This study seeks to understand the cognitive biases and heuristics that influence decision-making and strategy adoption in Brazilians' personal investments. To achieve the general objective of the present study, which is to relate the investment behavior of Brazilians with the biases and heuristics listed in behavioral finance, a literature review was carried out on the topic of behavioral finance, focusing on identifying the main heuristics and biases. In addition, characteristics of Brazilians were identified through the study of Investor X-Ray surveys by the Brazilian Association of Financial and Capital Market Entities (ANBIMA). In summary, the analysis of investor X-ray data demonstrated that there is a large discrepancy in reality between classes A, B and C and classes D and E with regard to financial knowledge and behavior. Most of the Brazilians investigated were unable to make some type of investment or save money, due to unsatisfactory financial conditions, in addition to a high percentage not knowing any type of investment on the market.
Impacto do serviço de polinização para segurança alimentar do PNAE na microrregião de Limeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-19) Domingos, Sara Stefani; Silva e Silva, Felipe Deodato da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4752958002181224; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9445-9493; Agostini, Kayna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5894768661755535; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-3211; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5388942987111457; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-4649
Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) cover a wide range of human-nature interactions that provide basic life support, material and non-material goods for humanity, and can be evaluated by quantifying the benefits provided by ecosystems as an incentive for their preservation. Pollination is the most studied NCP worldwide, as it contributes to 35% of global food production, providing food security with the diversity of foods with important nutritional value. In this sense, foods dependent on the pollination service can be an important source of nutrients for children and adolescents in the learning phase. In school meals provided by the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), agricultural products make up an adequate menu in nutritional terms, and the diversity of these foods may be related to the pollination service. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the dependence of the pollination service on food provided for school meals in public schools in the Limeira microregion and to estimate the economic value of this pollination service. The database was built with information from invoices for purchases made within the scope of the PNAE for eight municipalities belonging to the microregion. The results showed that 49% of fresh or minimally processed foods depend to some degree on the pollination service and the economic value of this service was estimated at around one million reais. It is concluded that there was an impact of the pollination service on school meals in the Limeira micro-region, promoting food security and helping family farmers in the micro-region in the diversified production of agricultural products rich in nutrients. More studies in this sense can be carried out to assist decision makers in creating public policies to protect pollinators.