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Avaliação ambiental da criação de miniporcos-br1 usados como modelo animal na pesquisa médica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-10) Maluf, João Pedro Queiroga; Almeida, Gustavo Fonseca de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6047414364638794; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0590895852972562
This study focused on the environmental assessment of the miniature pigs (minipig-br1) production system, a miniature breed used as animal model in education and medical research. The study was performed at Fazenda Três Marias, in Campina do Monte Alegre – Sao Paulo and the investigated production system deviate from conventional practices of industrial pig farming, aiming to produce small-sized pigs with favorable characteristics to education and medical research. The overall objective of this work was to analyze the environmental impacts associated with this production system, proposing tangible measures to mitigate them. The adopted methodology was the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), encompassing the entire production processes from the farm until delivering the minipigs at the Sírio-Libanês Hospital in São Paulo city where the animals were used for teaching and research. A detailed inventory was compiled, that mapped all production stages inside the gate. The environmental analysis was performed using Simapro® 9.5 software, including various environmental impact categories, identifying critical points for each of them. The analyses highlighted that for the Climate Change category the animal feeding contributed to approximately two-thirds of the greenhouse gas emissions and the manure management played a significant role. Mitigation recommendations ranged from partial substitution of the animal diet and changing the silage source (changing maize silage) to the treatment of manure through biodigesters. The study provided a critical assessment of the environmental scenario for the minipig-br1 production system, identifying opportunities for sustainable improvement. By addressing the relationship between the minipig raising and its related environmental impacts, it is expected that the results can contribute to the integration of a life cycle assessment approach in medical research utilizing minipig-br1 as an optimal animal model.
O iNaturalist como ferramenta no estudo de abelhas indígenas sem ferrão (Apidae, Meliponini) no estado de São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-10) Aranda, Bruno Henrique; Rancura, Kátia Gisele de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3411342699974945; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8967-0120; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0905165581437341; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7216-3071
©iNaturalist is a multi-taxa platform that allows anyone to record photos or sounds of different species anywhere in the world, along with their respective geographical locations, while experts assist in identifying the records, which are made available to society. The platform is based on the methodology of citizen science, which involves and engages society in scientific investigations. Bees from the Meliponini tribe are extremely numerous in the American tropics, both in terms of species and individuals, playing an important role in pollinating the native vegetation of these regions. Brazil is considered one of the countries with the greatest diversity of these bees; however, there are still knowledge gaps about the group. Given their important ecological role and the numerous anthropogenic impacts threatening the group, obtaining scientifically relevant data using citizen science can significantly contribute to the conservation of these bee species. In this context, the aim of this work was to investigate the observations of Meliponini bees present on the ©iNaturalist platform to assess the feasibility and reliability of the available data as a source for future studies on the group. For this purpose, only observations of the taxon Meliponini classified with a "research grade" status (observations with photo, location, date, and agreement of at least ⅔ of the identifiers) entered in the platform until 31/12/2022, georeferenced to the state of São Paulo, were considered. The validation of the status was done after reviewing the identification of each observation using specific literature and with the assistance of platform specialists and invited experts. A total of 953 observations were found, from 26 species belonging to the group. After reviewing the raw data, three observations were identified as "duplicates" and were subsequently deleted by users, resulting in a total of 950 observations to be evaluated. In this study, we adopted a standardized evaluation criterion that consisted of classifying the observations as: (HA) High Accuracy, for those that, after our evaluation, remained at the species level; (AA) Average Accuracy, for those that needed to return to the genus level; (LA) Low Accuracy, for those that needed to return to the tribe level. Out of the total observations, 917 (96.5%) were assessed as (HA), demonstrating a high degree of reliability of the data present on the platform for this group, indicating the potential of this tool to contribute to studies on Meliponini. After the evaluation, we sought to identify and extract additional information from all observations classified as (HA), which were gathered into two main theme records: "nests" (n=422, 54.38%) and "interactions" (n= 354, 45.61%). Such information was categorized within the respective themes, and based on this, we suggested possible applications of the data present on the platform for studies related to the group. Considering the opportunities and challenges encountered throughout the validation process of the observations, we also indicated some strategies aimed at improving the quality of future records involving bees of the Meliponini tribe and aiming to promote the expansion of the national scientific community's participation on the platform.
Seleção de materiais para rotor de bomba de combustível
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-10) Carpanez, Laura Ferreira Rós; Staffa, Lucas Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2896049826673626
This work focuses on the materials selection methodology for application in fuel pump rotors, utilizing the Ashby Methodology to explore alternatives to Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) with 32.5% fiberglass and 32.5% mineral filler, a compound widely used in the industry for this application. The goal is to overcome challenges associated with the processing and application of this material without compromising its essential chemical and physical properties. The critical injection stage uses complex molds, becoming particularly challenging due to the high mineral filler content, prone to mold retention, resulting in carbonization and impairing the efficiency of the process. Mold compromise leads to extensive rework, rendering the effectiveness of injection molding ineffective and negatively impacting rotor manufacturing. Another crucial challenge is material swelling, particularly critical for rotors, as even slight swelling can result in severe blockages and operational failures. Faced with these challenges, the study, in addition to a substantial scientific review, turns to the Ansys Granta EduPack software to identify materials with the potential to overcome these difficulties, simplifying decision-making. The objective is to select an alternative material for rotors, maintaining functionality and reducing the filler content compared to the PPS compound used, while facilitating processing. This study not only proposes alternative solutions but also directly addresses specific challenges related to the manufacturing of this product, driving the development of more effective and sustainable strategies in materials selection for the automotive industry. Within this framework, the research results reveal that Phenol Formaldehyde (PF), reinforced with 45% high-strength glass fiber, stands out as a viable option for the challenges presented. Not only does it maintain, but it also enhances mechanical performance while reducing production costs.
Agroecólogos neorrurais: educação, (re)existência camponesa e desenvolvimento rural sustentável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-10) Buoro, Francisco Carvalho; Norder, Luiz Antonio Cabello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0080353709980071; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3929630682660284
This study qualitatively analyses the practices of six neorural agroecological producers, graduated in Agroecology in two different institutions: the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR) and the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southeast Minas Gerais (IFSEMG). The analysis, based on participant observation, discourse analysis and exchange of experiences, covers several aspects, including production, housing, trade, culture, ideology, food, sociability, management, waste management, use of natural resources and access to land. The objective is to highlight the potentialities and challenges in the search for the consolidation of agricultural and rural sustainability, highlighting the central role of education in agroecology, peasant culture and new ruralities in this process. It was possible to verify the central role of education in agroecology, peasant culture and new ruralities in this process through the work of neo-rural agroecologists.
Efeito da associação de Panax ginseng (ginseng vermelho) e Angelica keskei (ashibata) e da fotobiomodulação nos parâmetros cardiovasculares encontrados em ratas ovariectomizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-10) Silva, Nayara Formenton da; Rodrigues, Gerson Jhonatan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6725550216586910; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7527861164255641
Menopause is a natural, age-related physiological process that results in a decrease in the production of steroid hormones, mainly estrogen, which can affect systems and organs and lead to hypertension. Complementary therapeutic strategies have been gaining prominence as an option for the safe management of menopausal women, such as herbal medicines and photobiomodulation. The combination of Panax ginseng (red ginseng) + Angelica keiskei (ashitaba) (Pg +Ak) is a formulation that can improve vascular function and photobiomodulation (PBM) consists of the use of light, in the wavelength range between 400 and 1300nm, in body tissues. Objectives: The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vivo effects of herbal medicines and photobiomodulation on cardiovascular parameters in menopause induced by ovariectomy in rats. Methods: Fifty-two Wistar rats, 70 days old, were randomly distributed into six experimental groups, sham (SH), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized treated with Panax ginseng + Angelica keiskei (OVX+Pg+Ak) and ovariectomized treated with photobiomodulation (OVX+PBM). All animals in the OVX groups had their ovaries removed in the 12th week of life. The animals in the group treated with herbal medicines received 100 mg/kg/day for two weeks intraperitoneally. The animals in the group treated with photobiomodulation received energy 5.6 Joules per point, at 6 application points in the abdominal region, with a power of 100mW, twice a week, for two weeks, at 660nm. Blood pressure and endothelial function parameters were evaluated in all animals by tail plethysmography and vascular reactivity, respectively. Results: At the end of treatments, mean arterial pressure in the treated groups decreased compared to the untreated group. Endothelial function was impaired in aortic rings from OVX rats compared to Sham. Treatment with Pg+Ak and PBM improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the animals' aortic rings, as well as NO concentration. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the combination of Panax ginseng + Angelica keiskei was able to reduce blood pressure levels and reverse endothelial dysfunction in ovariectomized rats, as well as treatment with photobiomodulation.