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As repercussões do luto no cotidiano de adultos que perderam familiares por complicações de Covid-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-19) Santos, Ana Paula Nascimento dos; Ricci, Éllen Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2306373037361143; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3471-1479; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5309207867214554; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6211-6461
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused in Brazil, up to January 2024, more than 708 thousand deaths, leaving hundreds of thousands of Brazilians grieving. Grief is understood as an experience resulting from a significant loss, which implies a process of meaning-making. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To understand the repercussions of grief in the daily lives of adults who experienced the loss of family members in the context of COVID-19. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: To identify in the literature the repercussions of grief in daily life, and to describe the repercussions experienced in daily life following the loss of a family member due to COVID-19. METHODOLOGY: Two methodological paths were carried out to meet the objectives: one for literature review (Study I) and another for field research (Study II). Regarding Study I, the PRISMA organizational proposal was used. The consulted databases were BVS and Scielo, selecting texts published in the last 10 years (2013 - 2023) and in Portuguese. As for Study II, it was an exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The questionnaire data were analyzed descriptively, and the interviews followed the treatment proposed by the Oral History method and analyzed by Bardin's Content Analysis. RESULTS: The literature review identified 32 articles that brought elements about the repercussion of grief in daily life. These were grouped into 5 categories of analysis: maternal grief, widow grief, grief for the loss of young people in the family, grief of parents who lost their children, and other experiences of grief due to the loss of family members. Six adults, aged 20 to 46 years, mostly female, participated in the field research. Five categories of analysis were constructed from the interviews: possible farewell rituals; emotional states after the loss; grieving daily routines in the pandemic context; coping strategies adopted; and whether there was prolonged grief. It was observed that farewell rituals were affected by the pandemic context, and after the loss, the bereaved felt anxious, with depressed mood, and intense anger. Thus, daily activities such as self-care, work, study, leisure, and social participation were modified or temporarily interrupted. In addition, the bereaved needed to assume new responsibilities, learn new tasks, and take care of other family members. Coping strategies also became part of this new daily life, such as: psychotherapy, religious/spiritual practices, expressive activities, physical exercises, and activities with family and friends. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Adults who lost loved ones due to COVID-19 complications experienced the construction of new daily arrangements, reported shaken emotional states, and sought coping strategies. It is recommended that further research be conducted to understand how these bereaved individuals are currently faring.
Avaliação da estrutura interna do questionário Wheelchair Mobility Activity Log (WC-MAL)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-19) Santos, Tainara Rodrigues dos; Ilha, Jocemar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6826318576830467; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6300-4696; Pereira, Natalia Duarte; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3408152349657748; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4395-589X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1920834560155359; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6070-1269
Introduction: The effects of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) include impairment of mobility, which requires the use of manual wheelchairs. Assessing the performance of wheelchair skills is essential since it is related to the quality of life of the wheelchair user. With this in mind, the Wheelchair Mobility Activity Log (WC-MAL) instrument was developed, which assesses the actual use of a manual wheelchair in people who have suffered an SCI. For the instrument to be more accurate, COSMIN recommends that its structural validity be measured. Objective: To assess the structural validity of the WC-MAL questionnaire applied to individuals with SCI and manual wheelchair users. Methods: A descriptive and quantitative cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic convenience sample included 60 people diagnosed with SCI who use a manual wheelchair. The WC-MAL instrument was used to assess the actual mobility of wheelchair users using video calls. To assess the structural validity of the instrument, Rasch analysis was carried out, which evaluates the unidimensionality of the instrument's items and the relationship between them. The data collected was analyzed using Winsteps version 3.91.0. Results: By hierarchically ordering the items according to difficulty, it was observed that the easiest items were aligned with individuals with higher and more complete injuries, as well as with those who reported suffering shoulder pain, indicating low wheelchair skills. The more complex items, on the other hand, were commonly performed by individuals who had greater skills, in this case, individuals classified with lumbar and thoracic injuries. The DIF analysis found that the variables gender, level, and type of injury and shoulder pain could interfere with the responses and results of the instrument, representing a risk of bias. Items, where erratic or predictable behavior was observed in the Frequency, Performance, and Assistance scales, were excluded from the new version. No ceiling effect was observed; reliability and structural validity were adequate. Conclusion: The WC-MAL is suitable for assessing wheelchair performance by people with MSDs, but it was necessary to exclude items that did not fit the model. WC-MAL 2.0 was therefore prepared for publication.
A construção do agrário-ambiental no e do MST: o assentamento Mário Lago como síntese de um projeto em construção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-19) Aquino, Manuela Martins da Costa; Martins, Rodrigo Constante; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6617183095074852; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6025831998105290
This thesis has as its main objective to analyze the agrarian-environmental construction of the Landless Rural Workers Movement, understanding that this Movement develops an original conception of environmental issues in its articulation with the agrarian issue. We start from these two major themes: the environmental issue and the agrarian issue, understanding that they are a constituent part of Brazilian history, a history marked by plunder and violence, specifically in its appropriations through the development of the capitalist mode of production. But, also, in understanding a history of struggle and resistance. More than the option of not addressing these themes separately, we intend to carry out this construction and dialogue between them based on the MST. We start from the understanding that we cannot exclude land and its use as one of the constituent elements of the accumulation through the spoliation of natural assets. To bring concrete questions to the investigation, we analyzed the Mário Lago settlement as an integral part of the agrarian-environmental conception in and of the MST. It was chosen due to its location in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto - SP, a city considered a reference for the success of agribusiness, with a preponderance of the sugar and alcohol sector, and because it is the first in São Paulo that had its expropriation marked by environmental issues, specifically related to Guarani aquifer. We hypothesize that for families organized in the MST, the struggle for land is a totality that encompasses demands for fair access to land, water, and natural assets. Thus, both the incorporation of the environmental issue and the agrarian issue arise primarily from the experience of struggle, from what landless families are confronted with in their practical experience of fighting for land. This experience begins to be elaborated theoretically and is incorporated by the movement not only on a theoretical level but in its programmatic content of agrarian reform. Our final understanding is that the MST has its elaboration on the agrarian-environmental issue, which articulates theoretical and practical issues. However, it is still under construction, which is characteristic of a collective subject that is in movement.
Uberização e Plataformização: a exploração disfarçada de empreendedorismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-19) Rocha, Fábio Armando; Leite, Kelen Christina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0993995005511082; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-1857; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4994300547500611; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1230-2244
In the face of changes brought about by the so-called Industry 4.0 and the impetus of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), the world of work undergoes a complete metamorphosis. Intermittent jobs, linked to a platform connected to mobile devices, enable a "gig economy" where services are provided through companies that mediate between the service user and the provider. The worker, once an industrial laborer, becomes a digital-era service proletarian today. The lack of opportunities in the formal job market, with its corresponding rights and social protection, shifts thousands of workers toward gig work through a platform. These platforms extract maximum surplus value from workers, providing neither fair compensation nor any rights outlined in labor laws. The neoliberal discourse of financialized capital supporting technology companies that develop and manage these platforms aligns with the ideology of freedom, flexibility, and entrepreneurship. This causes opacity in the exploitation, dependency, and impoverishment of the platformized working class. This research aims to study the new dynamics and impacts that Platform Capitalism and Gig Economy cause in the labor market and the working class as a whole. It also presents experiences that counter this model, such as platform cooperativism. This qualitative research employs a critical literature review and shares experiences to contribute to the theoretical discussion.
Estudo de caso da construção da Comunidade que Sustenta a Agricultura (CSA) Guajuvira, no município de São José dos Campos, Vale do Paraíba-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-19) Zerlote, Matheus Reis; Montebello, Adriana Estella Sanjuan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326971138357942; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2822-6434; Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-6214; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3371350454843460
Profound changes began to take place in the agrarian structure from the 1950s onwards, which began the so-called "Green Revolution” which sought to enhance agricultural productivity with the use of chemical increments and technological machinery. In order to counter this form of production and commercialization, The Community that Sustains Agriculture (CSA) was born, which values the production of organic and/or agroecological foods combined with subsidizing production by consumers in urban areas. This case study described the formation of CSA Guajuvira in the municipality of São José dos Campos, in the Vale do Paraíba macroregion in the state of São Paulo. The case study methodology was used in order to collect data in ways: participatory, oral history and obtaining primary and secondary data through interviews, thus, systematizing information to understand the limitations, potential and challenges that this marketing model presents for farmers and co-farmers. As main results, information was obtained regarding the historical, social and environmental formation of CSA Guajuvira, as well as the perspective of CSA co-farmers regarding their participation in the community and possible changes in its structure.
Sistema de visão e inteligência computacional em ambiente de nuvem para gestão de risco da ferrugem asiática na cultura da soja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-19) Neves, Ricardo Alexandre; Cruvinel, Paulo Estevão; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924553462118511; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8367-8233; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7190904094905221; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8129-8907
Controlling Asian Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merril) often requires high fungicide use, which can lead to resistance. Thus, new control solutions are needed for mitigation. This work presents an intelligent computer vision system for assessing the presence and severity of this disease in crop areas. It involves pattern recognition and machine learning techniques, enabling diagnostic actions for prognosis and control. It considers a decision-support model using random variables related to climate, plants, and characteristics recognized in digital images of monitored soybean leaves. For feature extraction, it uses scale-invariant feature transform, histogram of oriented gradients, and Hu’s invariant moments techniques. It uses cloud-based computational infrastructure and intelligent network processing, as well as principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction of features classified by support vector machines. Additionally, a hidden Markov model is used to fuse random variables, offering robustness, effectiveness, and efficiency, as confirmed by expert cross-correlation. To evaluate data quality at various system stages, metric sets such as peak signal-to-noise ratio, mean squared error, structural similarity index, missing values, accuracy, precision, F1-score, and recall are considered. This solution prevents and reduces fungicide use, enhancing production and guiding future early spatio-temporal monitoring of the disease on an agricultural scale.
Rumour spreading in dynamic random graphs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-19) Pereira, Vicenzo Bonasorte Reis; Gallo, Alexsandro Giacomo Grimbert; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4037274656833325; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468034476394021
We study rumour spreading in dynamic random graphs. Starting with a single informed vertex, the information flows until it reaches all the vertices of the graph (completion), according to the following process. At each step $k$, the information is propagated to neighbours, in the $k$-th generated random graph, of the informed vertices. The way this information propagates from vertex to vertex at each step will depend of the "protocol". First we consider a sequence of graphs in which the presence or absence of an edge follows the dynamic of a Markov chain. We provide a method based on strong stationary times allowing to bound the completion time for the Markov dynamic using bounds on the completion time in the i.i.d. dynamic. We also consider the rumour spreading according to the Push Protocol (at every round, informed nodes send the rumour to one of their neighbours, chosen uniformly at random) in a sequence of independent stochastic block model random graphs. We are able to bound the completion time in this setting using comparisons with rumour spreading in dynamic random graphs with skeptical nodes (nodes that cannot become informed) and stifler nodes (nodes that, after being informed, do not spread the information further).
Modelo hierárquico Bayesiano não paramétrico aplicado em modelagem de tópicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-19) Cunha, Robson Ortz Oliveira; Stern, Rafael Bassi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7846211197320014; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2738398667347331
Given the growing need and importance of analyzing textual data in the field of artificial intelligence, models that can better understand human language and deal with unstructured data are increasingly relevant gains. In this work, we developed a study on the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP) in modeling textual topics, exploring its practical aspects by applying it to a data set (\textit{corpus}) of legal processes, composed of three types of different procedures. We will discuss the main properties of HDP, from a Bayesian perspective, assuming that the data comes from a Multinomial probability distribution, based on the \textit{bag-of-words} textual representation model, commonly used in natural language processing . We also proceeded with some textual pre-processing techniques, which resulted in more parsimonious documents (data), and with a simulation study to verify the model's performance. At the end of the work, we present the results of the applications carried out and discuss the issues of data analysis in jurimetry.
A travessia da teoria da tendência antissocial à prática: uma contribuição psicanalítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-19) Roxo Junior, Hélio Antonio Anthero; Câmara, Leonardo Cardoso Portela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0876503068661138; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1424-8704; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2411537637080496; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9366-6368
This research aims to understand the theory of antisocial tendency and to develop a handling proposal for socio-educational care centres. With an important emphasis on the relationship between the mother (environment) and her baby, Winnicott constructed a complex theory on emotional development and antisocial tendency. His vision of psychopathology refers to environmental failures in the phases in which the subject has not yet acquired the capacity to deal with them. Adaptation failures are defined as traumas and can manifest themselves through various dynamics, including antisocial tendencies. In this work, we use Winnicott's main references to understand the type of trauma associated with antisocial tendency and how the author developed his theory. By analysing experiences in the care of young offenders, we seek to bring Winnicott's constructions closer to the Brazilian context and propose a model of environmental adaptation in care institutions capable of building a potential space for creativity and healing.
O sujeito do desempenho em busca da performance: ética e prática das psicociências no contexto neoliberal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-19) Casare, Roberta Cristiane Sanches; Leite, Kelen Christina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0993995005511082; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-1857; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8458029832695887; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4124-0529
The present study seeks to understand how the "psycho-sciences" have become tools of neoliberal subjectivity, driving the performance-oriented individual in sustaining neoliberalism. The research in question aimed to review the construction process of the neoliberal subject, highlighting individualism and competition as intrinsic traits of this subject, as well as the hegemonic narrative of entrepreneurship as a solution to structural unemployment. Furthermore, it was observed that work precarization, flexibilization, and more recently, platformization, have led individuals to pursue high performance to survive in an increasingly scarce formal job market. The growing supply of professionals in psycho-sciences serves the performance-oriented individual, who, in turn, relentlessly seeks tools and enhancement and reprogramming practices. Narcissism as a social psychopathology resulting from this context is reinforced by contemporary therapeutic culture and spiritual practices. The analyses conducted contribute to questioning the ethics of psycho-sciences in the current context and highlight the importance of collective action and social organization as a counterpoint to the epidemic individualism of our times.