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Vulnerabilidade ambiental em estuários tropicais: ferramentas e modelo conceitual para gestão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Nascimento, Regina Célia Macêdo do; Hanai, Frederico Yuri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8428-0019; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2339102253217709; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6320-0817
Estuaries are complex environments of extreme importance from both ecological and socio-economic perspectives. However, they face threats from unplanned occupations and ecosystem and social fragilities. Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify and analyze the components and existing tools related to environmental vulnerabilities for possible application in tropical estuarine regions, aiming to propose a conceptual model for managing these regions, using the Capibaribe River estuary, located in Recife (state of Pernambuco, Brazil), as a case study. To achieve this objective, a Systematic Literature Review was conducted to identify the main environmental vulnerabilities in tropical estuaries and the applicable tools for managing these environments. From the review, vulnerabilities related to climate change and anthropogenic actions were identified, such as: sea-level rise; flooding; coastal erosion; discharge of urban pollutants; excess nutrients in the water; and oil spills. Additionally, when considering the adaptive capacity of estuaries, three fundamental aspects stand out: the participation of social actors; the protection of the estuarine ecosystem; and integrated management. The review also identified and analyzed 14 tools that can support the management and analysis of vulnerability related to climate change. These tools include, among other functionalities, the use of satellite images, georeferencing systems, and numerical modeling. Using the Pugh Matrix, the main potentialities and weaknesses of each tool were evaluated in relation to their use in estuaries, and possibilities for integrating them into a conceptual model for the Capibaribe River estuary were explored. The conceptual model was structured into four integrating units (exposure components and affected environmental processes; tools for vulnerability analysis; integrated management; and improvements for the estuary). Its structure provided a comprehensive view of vulnerability in estuaries, favoring guidelines and possibilities for tools to be used for integrated environmental management of the Capibaribe River estuary and the consequent preservation of this important estuarine ecosystem. The conceptual model developed becomes an ally in understanding environmental vulnerability in these regions and can be adapted to other estuarine locations.
Caracterização e quantificação das emissões de Metano (CH4) em lagoas do Pantanal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Godinho, João Paulo Mariano; Taniwaki, Ricardo Hideo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0183909332363123; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-8998; Carmo, Janaina Braga do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8627099224335903; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2871-9880; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6204164251070758
This thesis provides evidence that methane (CH4) fluxes in lentic ecosystems of the Pantanal are heavily regulated by a combination of environmental, ecological, and climatic factors, with significant spatial and temporal variation. Atypical weather events, particularly droughts and heatwaves observed in 2020, increased CH4 emissions, emphasizing the sensitivity of these ecosystems to climate change. The analysis confirmed the decisive influence of organic matter composition and physicochemical conditions in regulating CH4 fluxes, with the highest methane emissions recorded in the marginal sediments of freshwater lagoons (68.23 CH4 m-2 day-1), indicating the influence of sediment composition and organic matter presence on these emissions. A greenhouse gas monitoring index (IMGEE) was developed to understand spatial and temporal emission variations, highlighting higher indices in freshwater lagoons. CH4 emissions are directly related to total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations in the compartment; in the transitional freshwater lagoon group, where the highest emission (27.78 mg CH4 m-2 day-1) occurred, the highest TOCs concentration was found (8.1 mg m-² mg-¹), and in the saline-alkaline lagoon group, the highest emission (5.59 mg CH4 m-2 day-1) was observed in the aquatic compartment, where the TOCw concentration was highest (586 mg/L). An increase in emissions was observed in 2020, both in freshwater and saline-alkaline lagoons, with respective increases of 834% and 631% compared to 2019. In a broader context, during the intensification of the Pantanal drought in 2020, a drying saline-alkaline lagoon showed a massive increase of 5.423% in CH4 emissions. These results underscore the critical importance of lentic ecosystems in the global carbon cycle and the urgency of biomonitoring and management strategies to mitigate their negative impacts, contributing to conservation policies and sustainable management practices in the face of climate change.
Investigações sobre estímulos com significado e formação de classes de equivalência entre estímulos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Marin, Ramon; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3737164625509879
The stimulus equivalence paradigm, as a model of meaning, allows for inferences about the learning of equivalent stimulus classes under everyday contingencies and hypothesizes that any meaningful stimulus must be a member of a class. With the general aim of developing preparations to experimentally assess pre-experimental relations between stimuli, this study conducted four experiments that empirically investigated (a) the possibility of identifying pre-experimental relations between stimuli through categorization tasks (sorting, Experiment 1), (b) the effect of contextual cues in tasks that seek to identify relations between stimuli that were not experimentally learned (Experiment 2), (c) the effect of teaching procedures on categorization responses when stimuli with pre-experimental meaning are used in tasks (Experiment 3), and (d) the learning of arbitrary relations between stimuli and the formation of equivalence classes through progressive exposure to teaching tasks alternated with probes to assess the emergence of non-directly taught relations (Experiment 4). In Experiments 1 and 2, the results indicate that categorization tasks can serve to identify pre-experimental relations; consistent relations between stimuli were observed for different participants. Furthermore, it was observed that this task can produce unprogrammed contextual controls that interfere with categorization responses. The results of Experiment 3 confirm that the use of meaningful stimuli produces the merging of experimental and pre-experimental classes, and that teaching tasks involving arbitrary relations between stimuli can affect participants' previously learned categories. Experiment 4 showed that systematic alternation between teaching and testing tasks can facilitate the learning and derivation of arbitrary relations between stimuli, compared to procedures requiring strict accuracy criteria before testing, and highlights the importance of a consistent baseline as a criterion for the emergence of relations. This investigation initiated a new line of research on the formation of equivalence classes under contingencies with varying degrees of baseline accuracy before the presentation of derived relation tests. Collectively, the studies deepen the discussion on the use of meaningful stimuli in teaching and the derivation of new arbitrary relations between stimuli.
Terapia ocupacional e a abordagem da dimensão espiritual no contexto hospitalar: em busca de um como fazer através da relação entre ocupação e espiritualidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Pinto, Bruna Teixeira; Joaquim, Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7719481657895650; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7578895658221106; Ballarin, Maria Luiza Gazabim Simões; Pfeifer, Luzia Iara; Corrêa, Victor Augusto Cavaleiro; Cabrera, Catalina Camas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9065968448027440; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1910742195880054; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8697473126896127
The hospital is a place that covers different phases of the human life cycle, from birth, diagnostic discoveries to proximity to finiteness of life, which favors the pursuit of essential meanings to life and the treatment process itself. Research shows that the inclusion of spirituality in the therapeutic processes can improve the patients’ quality of life as well as stimulate either a faster healing process or confrontation with the diseases. Thus, spirituality has been gaining ground in the academic world, being increasingly present in the triad patient-care in health-support team. This study aimed to characterize the actions of occupational therapy with patients with chronic non-communicable diseases and family caregivers, in approaching the spiritual dimension from the perspective of occupation, in the context of hospitalization. This is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, carried out with 23 occupational therapists, 9 patients with non-communicable chronic diseases and 16 family caregivers. Data collection was conducted through na online questionnaire and an open interview consisting of guiding questions, which were examined using thematic content analysis. The study shows that spirituality is intrinsic to the experience of patients with chronic illness and their caregivers, present in both home and hospital contexts. It highlights the importance of recognizing and strengthening the spiritual dimension in hospital care as a therapeutic strategy that enhances the effectiveness of care in contexts of illness. When incorporated into occupational therapist’s practice through meaningful activities and humanized, person-centered care, spirituality contributes to coping with illness, strengthening life’s sense of meaning, and promoting well-being, integrating health and occupational performance. The study underscores the need for theoretical, ethical, and educational advances so that spirituality is included in a conscious, respectful, and well-grounded manner within the field of Occupational Therapy.
Processos educativos emergentes da formação de Mediadores(as) do Fútbol Callejero: percepção dos(as) formadores(as)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Varotto, Nathan Raphael; Gonçalves Junior, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1324174147128430; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1585-0596; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8438677612084862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6722-9083
Football is a global phenomenon that is present in the lives of many people, be it for their favorite team, a match with friends on the street field, a high school game, in championships, newspapers and in academic research, so it can be say that football also acts in education and in light of this it provoked and still provokes a lot of dialogue about this phenomenon and allows interpretations, understandings, different appropriations, debates, starting by pluralizing football, hence in this thesis we draw attention to football, focusing on the manifestation called Fútbol Callejero, more specifically the mediators formation of Fútbol Callejero. This game was initially structured and experienced in Moreno, on the outskirts of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina, based on a proposition by former professional football player Fabián Ferraro, aiming to reduce violence in the aforementioned neighborhood and its surroundings, as well as integration, autonomy and proactivity of young people. That said, we present the research question: What educational processes emerge from the mediators formation of Fútbol Callejero from the trainers’ perspective? The central objective of this study is: to analyze, understand and describe the educational processes emerging from the mediators formation of Fútbol Callejero from the trainers' perspective. The methodological trajectory is based on phenomenology, a situated phenomenon modality. For data collection, interviews were used with the trainers of Fútbol Callejero, as they enable the literal transcription of the speeches given, which allows the uninterpreted description (genuine speech) of the subjects' experiences. Data analysis was also based on phenomenology, based on the situated phenomenon and from an initial analysis, two categories emerged, namely: A) “Forming transforming” and B) “Seeing the young people, one day, in our place, giving this formations.” We consider the commitment of the trainers not to carry out training with a technicalist bias but rather a reflexive and dialogical one, respecting the proposition of structuring Fútbol Callejero in the epistemological South, in Moreno, on the outskirts of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Thus, they think about and promote the formation process, observing the origin of the mediators, the appreciation of the group's knowledge and doing-with.
Como os agentes comunitários de saúde se comunicam com as pessoas com diabetes na perspectiva da alimentação saudável?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Ferreira, Mariana Gabriele de Souza; Nordi, Aline Barreto de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9965335072268661; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0262-9796; Rocha, Sheyla Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4784568943530426; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1926-4439; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4805753958272351; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-474X
Considered a severe public health problem, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with social and financial implications for everyone involved. The role of Community Health Workers (CHW) in this context is to encourage changes in the lifestyle of people with DM. Therefore, communication skills are presented as facilitators of this challenging task, and one of the approaches that stands out is Motivational Interviewing (MI). This study aims to analyze how CHWs communicate with people with DM based on the MI framework, focusing on engagement in self-care and healthy eating. To this end, exploratory qualitative research with a phenomenological basis was carried out with CHWs working in a city in the Brazilian Northeast. A questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used to collect data, with the data saturation criterion being the means to determine the sample size. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the Thematic-categorical Content Analysis technique. All 102 CHWs working in the municipality were invited to participate; 69 completed the questionnaire, and nine were selected for the interview, considering the diversity and homogeneity of the participants. The Municipal Health Department and CEP-UFSCar approved the research. It was possible to identify that the CHWs are sensitive to the socioeconomic reality of the community, are concerned with promoting the well-being of the people in their territory, and aim to do a good job. CHWs communicate with people with DM using some of the premises of MI, such as the compassionate and partner approach. However, they do so intuitively. In most of the interviews, they employ vertical and persuasive communication, disregarding food's sociocultural and affective aspects, which goes against what Primary Health Care and the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population recommends. The CHWs claim to have little knowledge about DM and its forms of treatment, demonstrating insecurity in their conduct and several doubts when speaking about the subject. They believe that DM negatively impacts people's lives and that they do not give due importance to their self-care, especially concerning nutrition. It was observed that CHWs have gaps in knowledge about DM and communication techniques, which limits their professional performance and the shared production of health care. Therefore, Continuing Health Profession Education proposals that address DM and communication techniques, such as MI, based on a dialogical, critical-reflective methodology that has meaning in the daily work of CHWs would greatly benefit these professionals and the people they follow. Therefore, Continuing Health Profession Education proposals that address DM and communication techniques such as MI, based on a dialogical, critical-reflective methodology, with theoretical-practical activities that have meaning in the daily work of CHWs, would benefit especially these professionals and the people they support. Furthermore, other possibilities for overcoming the difficulties identified in this study are popular health education groups and regular spaces for supervision and knowledge sharing among the Family Health team. Based on the results of this research, we present, as a technical product of this professional master's degree, a training proposal for CHWs focusing on DM and MI.
Influência da demolição seletiva na redução de impactos ambientais sob a óptica da avaliação do ciclo de vida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Oliveira, Mariana Borges; Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0447825383222965; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8892838677577261; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8934-8419
The concern about waste generated by demolition processes has driven the search for more sustainable methods for this practice. In Brazil, since the cancellation of ABNT NBR 5682:1977 in 2008, there has been a lack of national normative guidelines addressing the care related to demolition processes and the disposal of generated waste. Improper disposal of construction materials poses risks to human health and the environment due to the presence of toxic substances. Using the concept of circular economy, selective demolition allows for the careful dismantling of materials and construction elements, maximizing their reuse. This technique, aimed at recovering these products through restoration or recycling processes, thereby reduces the environmental impacts associated with this practice. This study presents a comparative analysis between a building constructed with new materials and another constructed with inputs resulting from selective demolition, using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, which evaluates the potential environmental impacts of a product throughout its life cycle. The results of this study indicate that the use of waste from selective demolition can result in a significant reduction in environmental impacts. However, a specific analysis is necessary for each scope, considering various factors, from the processes used in recovery to the quantity allowed and feasible to be used in new products.
Coordenação intersegmentar entre úmero e escápula de indivíduos com e sem dor no ombro durante a realização de tarefas funcionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Cabrini, Isabella; Haik, Melina Nevoeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8240155487619947; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8703-8356; Pereira, Natalia Duarte; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3408152349657748; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4395-589X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8280898780490568
The shoulder joint complex is responsible for positioning the upper limb in space, with the complete integration of the joints being essential for its proper functioning. In this way, humans are able to generate coordinated behavior patterns based on information from the environment and directed toward a functional goal. Changes in the scapulohumeral rhythm seem to be related to variations in the overall movement pattern. Objective: Characterize the intersegmental coordination of the shoulder complex during the performance of functional tasks. Methods: Eighteen individuals without shoulder pain were selected, and 3D scapular kinematics were recorded during the performance of four tasks: one with an internal focus (arm elevation in a self-selected plane) and three with an external focus (combing hair, placing an item on a shelf, and cleaning a window). Coordination between the humerus and scapula was determined for each task based on the primary movements of each segment. Upper limb disability was measured using the DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) questionnaire. Results: The sample included 6 men and 12 women with an average age of 25 years. All data were collected with the individuals' dominant arm (right). The results did not show a significant difference in variability for any task. Conclusion: The pattern of intersegmental coordination may change based on the nature of the task, that is, the focus of the movement. Therefore, it becomes important to consider the focus of the movement in the assessment and intervention of upper limb motor function, taking into account that considering the context or pursuit of goals may be more effective, thereby increasing individuals' awareness of their personal objectives.
O processo de tomada de decisão de jurados em casos de feminicídio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Almeida, Gabriela Perissinotto de; Schritzmeyer, Ana Lúcia Pastore; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4614382386818949; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6088-2496; Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2771-4770; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6882007460678600; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-7133
Femicide, as well as other crimes judged by the Jury Court, must be decided by the conscience of the jurors and the dictates of justice, as provided for in Article 472 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. This margin of discretion allows jurors not to be limited to the law and evidence when deciding. However, the subjective dynamics of this decision-making process need further investigation. Therefore, the objective of this research was to understand how jurors decide cases of femicide, seeking to identify how they describe and explain the experience of judging in the Jury Court. To this end, the research had a qualitative approach, with a field research design, using participant observation as an information production technique, recorded in field diaries, besides semi-structured interviews with the jurors, who decide the crime outcomes. Considering the need to identify aspects that influence this decision-making, the materials produced were subjected to content analysis. The research concluded that aspects of the subject's singularity, such as their life experience, are inherent to their decision. Also, the jurors' perceptions of the other subjects that make up the dynamics of the Jury Court are relevant. Finally, the historical and cultural context in which jurors found themselves also influenced their decisions. From this set of elements, jurors construct representations about femicide, law and justice.
Aprimoramento das propriedades térmicas e mecânicas de isolantes refratários macroporosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Finhana, Icaro Caldeira; Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1711-9804; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0227674121328920; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6006-4060
The pursuit of environmentally friendly and health-conscious solutions has driven the replacement of ceramic fiber-based thermal insulators with macroporous refractories. The latter offer several benefits, including reduced thermal conductivity at high temperatures and toxicity, depending on the processing route applied. The literature underscores that surfactant-stabilized foams, achieved through the direct foaming of an optimized blend of raw materials and additives, yield highly porous ceramics with appropriate mechanical strength and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the introduction of CaCO3 into alumina-based compositions has emerged as an effective means to lower the mechanical strengthening temperature (TS) and counteract the sintering-induced shrinkage of these porous refractories through in situ formation of CA6. However, such systems have not yet attained the desired pore size and require pre-firing at elevated temperatures before installation. Aiming to enhance these materials, diverse approaches have been examined. Firstly, the reduction of the particle size of calcium aluminate cement (CAC), utilized as a binder, was investigated for both ultrastable systems and those stabilized by surfactants. This led to a decrease in the average pore size in the former case but yielded no significant alterations in the latter. Hence, for the latter case, pre-expanded polymeric microspheres (Expancel) were utilized as a sacrificial template to generate smaller pores. The combination of direct foaming with the incorporation of these microspheres resulted in highly porous ceramics with suitable mechanical strength and lower thermal conductivity (0.36 - 0.49 W.m-1.K-1). Finally, with the aim of reducing energy consumption during the sintering of these ceramics, the use of microwaves was assessed. It was concluded that a firing process at 1400 °C for 15 minutes, proved sufficient to sinter these materials and produce an amount of CA6 equivalent to traditional firing at 1600 °C for 5 hours, delivering substantial time and energy savings.
Estresse de cuidadores familiares de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde: estudo caso-controle
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Zonta, Jaqueline Brosso; Okido, Aline Cristiane Cavicchioli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4358128584478380; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4309-5612; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9181301583724794; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-4087
To analyze the stress of family caregivers of children with special health needs and identify associated factors. Method: A case-control study in which family caregivers of children with special health needs were considered "cases" and family caregivers of children without special health needs were considered "controls". Recruitment of both groups was conducted through social networks and complemented by snowball sampling. The groups were matched by sex and age in a 1:1 ratio. Data collection took place between March 2022 and June 2023, mostly at participants' homes. For the production of empirical material, a sociodemographic and clinical characterization instrument and the Perceived Stress Scale were applied. Saliva samples were collected at four time points in a single day (upon awakening, 30 minutes after awakening, at noon, and at 8 p.m.) to analyze cortisol and α-amylase. To measure the total daily production of salivary cortisol and α-amylase, the Area under the Curve based on the log-trapezoidal method was calculated. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The statistical tests applied were: Wilcoxon test for paired data and repeated measures ANOVA for paired data. All ethical precepts were met. Results: 100 family caregivers participated, with 50 included in the "case" group and 50 in the "control" group. There was a significant difference in stress scores and salivary cortisol levels between the groups, but such a difference was not evident for α-amylase. In both groups, the levels of α-amylase and cortisol throughout the day exhibited a typical circadian pattern. Family income was associated with perceived stress (p=0.003). The caregiver's age variable was significant in explaining perceived stress behavior (p=0.0098) and total daily cortisol production (p=0.0405). Child hospitalization was associated with salivary cortisol (p=0.0333) among caregivers of children with special health needs. The occupation of family caregivers also influenced salivary cortisol results (p=0.0006). Conclusion: Family caregivers of children with special health needs exhibited higher levels of perceived stress and lower cortisol production compared to family caregivers of children without special health needs. Younger family caregivers and those with lower family income presented higher levels of perceived stress. Higher daily salivary cortisol production was associated with family caregivers who had formal or informal work and were older.
Políticas para as diferenças: gênero, raça e sexualidade como questões de Estado (1996-2022)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Paiva, Gabriela Pandeló; Cepêda, Vera Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1419-0090; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1676514828142223; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8148-6588
The end of the Military Dictatorship and the promulgation of the 1988 Federal Constitution, mark a change in the profile of Brazilian social demands, creating legitimization for the State to dedicate itself to developing social protection policies. This work proposes to analyze this period based on the hypothesis that there was an upward movement, related to the Social-liberal and New Developmentalist phases, and a moment of regression referring to the Ultraliberal Conservative period led by Michel Temer and Jair Bolsonaro. Therefore, this work analyzes the gender, race and sexuality policies proposed based on the investigation of their respective National Plans and other protective instruments developed over the period 1996-2022. The justification is that these minorities constitute numerical majorities, and the free exercise of sexuality and gender identity belongs to the scope of civil liberties and must be guaranteed by law. It is concluded that the increase in social protection and access to citizenship for social minorities at a time of economic growth promoted a conservative, ultraliberal and Christian reaction that dismantled this structure, and that in turn was aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in the loss of the 2022 elections.
Sensibilização à dor no equilíbrio postural dinâmico em pacientes com osteoartrite de joelho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Silva, Marialice Gyaraki da; Mattiello, Stela Márcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9484-8026; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0764778320097949; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2121-3104
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common and disabling condition characterized by several structural changes, wherein the main complaint of these individuals is pain, as well as a decrease in functional capacity and balance, factors that can affect their motor responses and postural control. In this study, the primary objective was to analyze the influence of pain sensitization on the postural balance of subjects with KOA, and to explore the relationship between catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and physical functionality as a secondary objective. This study was a cross-sectional, exploratory, quantitative model. For the study, 52 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of KOA were recruited. All subjects were evaluated by quantitative sensory tests (TSQ) to quantify central pain sensitization measures. The Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Tampa questionnaires for Kinesiophobia, Pain Catastrophizing, and physical capacity tests (sitting and standing, stairs, and 40m performance) were also applied. For postural balance measurements, the modified Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) was applied in three directions. For data analysis, a descriptive analysis of the variables was carried out, and the normality of the data was verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The multiple linear regression model was used to determine the association between the study variables. For all analyses, a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) was adopted. Results: Pain sensitivity measures were not able to predict performance on the SEBT test. On the other hand, it was observed that measures associated with physical fitness, notably the 30-second chair stand-up and sit-down test and the physical activity component of the WOMAC questionnaire, proved to be better indicators of performance in the SEBT test in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.
Modificação a plasma de compósitos a base de celulose bacteriana e fosfato de prata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Generoso, Amanda Lyane; Cruz, Sandra Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9632409046763256; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2559297457767111; Mali, Suzana; Ribeiro, Cauê; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6055773616660341; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
The recent of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) highlighted the problem of emerging microbial infections in the current public health scenario, which are often difficult or even impossible to treat. In this context, there is a demand for the development of advanced materials that inactivate microorganisms aiming at the protection of the human population. Bacterial Cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer, which has high mechanical resistance, high water retention capacity, high crystallinity, and thermal stability. It also has the advantages of being biocompatible, non-toxic, and biodegradable. The architecture of the BC is composed of nanofibers with high porosity, which contribute to modifications and incorporation of substances in its matrix to improve or add properties and expanding its applicability. Despite its excellent characteristics, BC in its natural form does not present antimicrobial activity, therefore, many scientists have dedicated themselves to researching methods to add this property and expand the applicability of this biopolymer. Recent studies demonstrate that semiconductor materials, such as silver phosphate (Ag3PO4), have high biocidal potential against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In that regard, this work proposed to synthesize BC/Ag3PO4 composite films using a vacuum filtration system for the formation and immobilization of Ag3PO4 crystals in the BC matrix, developing a material with better physicochemical properties, biocompatible, non-toxic and with antimicrobial properties. Additionally, the composite films were modified by oxygen plasma etching, to promote the exposure of Ag3PO4 microparticles incorporated into the biopolymer, intensifying the material's antimicrobial effect. The micrographs of the BC/Ag3PO4 composites obtained by SEM confirmed the presence of dispersed microparticles and agglomerates distributed throughout the entire length of the polymeric matrix. Furthermore, a cell cytotoxicity assay was carried out, which attested to cell viability above 70% for pure BC films as well as for BC/Ag3PO4 composites. Analyses carried out after oxygen plasma treatment indicate an increase in the hydrophilicity of pure BC films and BC/Ag3PO4 composites due to the incorporation of oxygenated functional groups in the material.
Platforms for quantum information and technology
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Cardoso, Fernando Redivo; Predojevic, Ana; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-0830; Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5622-786X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5593299757054859; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5156-0348
This work presents a collection of scientific research results in the field of quantum information. The first paper describes the mathematical properties of a particular type of state of light, called the two-mode squeezed state (TMSS). We have shown that it is possible to generate a superposition of such states with particular probability distributions, making them suitable for applications in quantum information. In particular, such states are effectively phase insensitive, a property that enables a larger extraction of information regarding a dynamical process. The second paper deals with an extensive discussion on the complexity of quantum algorithms. It was observed that while quantum algorithms can, under certain conditions, outperform classical algorithms in time or space complexity, some key steps such as state preparation and information retrieval are not always taken into account when analysing the complexity of quantum algorithms. For this reason, the aim of this study was to provide a complete complexity analysis for the implementation of quantum algorithms, considering different alternatives in terms of state preparation, quantum gate implementation and measurement techniques. We provide an asymptotic analysis of different algorithm implementation strategies. Finally, the last paper deals with the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibility of photons emitted in a cascade process. As a result of a two-photon excitation process, an entangled photon pair is emitted. This unwanted entanglement affects the coherence of the reduced single photon state, i.e. one of the photons emitted in the cascade process. As a result, the visibility of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference is reduced. We show that, under certain conditions, it is possible to circumvent the restriction imposed by the time-energy entanglement by applying a post-selection method. The experimental results together with the theoretical framework are presented to provide a complete analysis of the method.
Participação Social no SUAS: uma análise das conferências de assistência social no governo Bolsonaro (2019-2022)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Bueno, Karina Moura; Silva, Vanda Aparecida da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9920701759600807; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4403579970307811
This study corresponds to an interdisciplinary and documentary research on social participation within the scope of Brazilian Social Assistance Policy. We analyze the Social Assistance conferences held during the administration of former President Jair Bolsonaro, focusing particularly on the 12th National Social Assistance Conference of 2021. We delve into the internal process of this conference, investigating this Participating Institution (PI), how access to it was granted, and how social participation was enacted, in a scenario of disputes and power relations among participants, seeking to understand the elements that impacted the conference process. Additionally, the study included in the analysis the National Democratic Social Assistance Conference of 2019 (CNDAS/19), an unofficial conference convened by civil society as a gesture of resistance after the suspension of the official process, expanding the perspective on the socio-historical-political context of the time. Furthermore, this research also considered social networks and virtual interaction, as both events included the use of digital technologies and social media. With a theoretical framework focusing on interdisciplinarity, the established objectives were: to investigate the process of the 12th National Social Assistance Conference (2021), especially regarding the mode of access of social actors and their form of participation; to examine the interaction among participants to understand the nuances of power relations in this conference process; to identify similarities and differences between the 12th National Conference of 2021 and the CNDAS/19; and finally, to contribute to the understanding of new paths for action and social participation, considering digital resources. To do so, we engaged in dialogue by bringing together authors from the Public Policy field that address social participation, such as Marcelo Kunrath Silva, Leonardo Avritzer, Rebecca Neaera Abers, Luciana Tatagiba, among others. The research revealed that, despite the institutionalization of social participation, the impact of PIs on the political scene has always varied, being influenced by the political dynamics of the sector. Thus, the 12th Social Assistance Conference demonstrated that institutionalized participatory forums were placed in a peripheral role in Social Assistance Policy. On the other hand, the CNDAS/19, although with different intentions from the official conference, proved to be a moment of mobilization, articulation, and legitimization of the identity of political actors in Social Assistance.
Rastreio da fragilidade, sarcopenia, dinapenia e força muscular respiratória em idosos hospitalizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-29) Camargo, Ana Luiza de Arruda; Garcia-Araujo, Adriana Sanches; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0104886088821769; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6491-6240; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5672825876835114; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8951-6713
Introduction: The increase in life expectancy in recent years has led to a scenario of greater predisposition to multimorbidities and the presence of geriatric syndromes, such as frailty, sarcopenia and dynapenia, making the elderly vulnerable to decompensation and hospitalization. The reduction of mobility and functional capacity is the target of mainly outpatient studies, and in the hospital, in view of the immobility imposed, more and more strategies have been sought to minimize the impacts of hospitalization in the elderly. Objectives: To screen frailty, sarcopenia, dynapenia, nutritional aspects, and muscle and respiratory strength in hospitalized older adults. Methods: This is a prospective, observational study in which patients over 60 years of age hospitalized for clinical treatment were evaluated. The patients underwent evaluations to screen for frailty, sarcopenia, dynapenia, nutritional evaluation, and measurement of handgrip and respiratory strength. Results: All elderly patients had some degree of frailty and slightly more than half had suspected sarcopenia, as well as dynapenia. Pre-frail older adults showed higher MIP when compared to frail older adults, and in addition, half of the older adults who underwent the respiratory muscle strength test showed weakness. The comparison between the presence and absence of dynapenia and variables such as age, gender, length of hospital stay, deaths, IPAQ, unintentional weight loss, and rMAN, was significant only when compared with age. HGS is higher in older adults with better IMMEA, nutritional status, and lower Sarc-F scores. Conclusion: Most hospitalized elderly patients present frailty, dynapenia, suspected sarcopenia, malnutrition, or nutritional risk. Handgrip strength was an important and easy variable to assess, and was related to skeletal muscle mass, nutritional status, and suspected sarcopenia. The reduction in respiratory muscle strength is significantly related to frailty.