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O autismo e as práticas de cuidado na atenção básica à saúde: a perspectiva de profissionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-17) Polli, Letícia Migliatti; Fernandes, Amanda Dourado Souza Akahosi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7901666626822625; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8006-8117; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8666446013166153; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9331-5452
Autism, as a nosological classification, has changed over the decades since the studies of Kanner and Asperger in the 40s. The prevalence has risen significantly every year, raising important debates about care, as well as the pathologization and medicalization of childhood. The history of care for autistic children and adolescents in Brazil was marked by a late start and by disputes between different camps. Even though there are differences of opinion, public policies indicate that Primary Health Care (PHC) is fundamental to the care network. This emphasizes the importance of PHC both for monitoring this population and articulating the intersectoral network, even though the literature points to numerous challenges ranging from a lack of professional training to political direction. That said, it is essential to carry out studies that address the reality of autistic children in the area, from the PHC perspective, with a view to developing effective care strategies to meet their health needs. The general objective of this study was to identify and understand how care practices for autistic children and their families have been operationalized in PHC. The specific objectives were to understand how the team identifies autistic children in the territory and what procedures/strategies are adopted when autism is suspected; to understand what the main challenges and possibilities are in relation to care practices for autistic children and their families in PHC. As for the methodology adopted, this is an exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach. There were 19 participants, including managers and professionals from six teams in the Family Health Units (USF) of a medium-sized municipality in the interior of the state of São Paulo. The instruments used for data collection were two forms - one to identify and characterize the participants and the other to characterize the USF - and a semi-structured interview. Data was collected in person. The data was analyzed using Bardin's categorical analysis. As a result, in relation to the USFs, it was found that all the units had a minimum team of professionals, only half offered activities aimed at children and young people, but which included autism, almost none were mentioned. The majority of the participants are women, from a variety of professional backgrounds. Their activities ranged from general clinical care to preceptorship and management of the Unit. Few reported having previous experience with autism. It was possible to understand that autism is hardly recognized by PHC professionals, with community agents being mentioned as important players in identifying children with suspected autism in the territory. In addition, there is a logic of care centered on referral to specialists, often justified by a lack of professional training. Participants also highlighted the importance of childcare and territorial care for this population and the many challenges to operationalizing care at this level of health care, such as lack of knowledge of existing services and flows, lack of resources and difficulties in articulating the network. This study contributed important elements for the planning and implementation of care strategies for autistic children within the scope of PHC, from the perspective of psychosocial care. In this sense, it is emphasized that the challenges for the operationalization of care remain, as already evidenced in previous studies, and it is necessary to advance so that it is possible to actually guarantee the rights of this population, such as expanded and comprehensive care, school inclusion, based on territorial care practices, access and articulation of the intra and intersectoral network.
Redes neurais em grafos para aprendizado positivo: uma abordagem utilizando reescrita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-17) Messias, Guilherme Henrique; Iasulaitis, Sylvia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4226275371443693; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-1003; Valejo, Alan Demétrius Baria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9546164790189830; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-9499; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6610867846046455; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6820-2205
Given the increasing volume of data generated by society, the task of classification has become even more complex, as some supervised classification algorithms require a substantial amount of labeled data to achieve good performance. On the other hand, even with the use of a few labeled examples from the positive class, relevant results can be obtained by semi-supervised learning algorithms based on Positive and Unlabeled Learning (PUL). These algorithms can be applied to a variety of data types, including relational data, which can be represented by graphs. In this context, machine learning algorithms based on neural networks show relevant results, particularly Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Additionally, the recent research area of graph rewiring has shown a performance gain in GNNs. This work aims to explore the use of graph rewiring and graph neural networks to address PUL problems, under the hypothesis that these approaches are capable of learning a latent representation space biased by the positive data. The results of experiments conducted on a range of datasets show that the proposed approach is superior to classical and current algorithms in the literature, both in negative data extraction and in the PUL task.
Avaliação de pastas e argamassas geopoliméricas porosas obtidas a partir da incorporação de espuma pré-formada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-17) Soares, Gustavo de Albuquerque; Luz, Ana Paula da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470395641242374; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1748736510715140; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9702-9488
The development of sustainable materials has been the subject of various studies in a broad technological context. In this regard, geopolymers are identified as potential binders for various applications, including acting as an alternative to Portland cement. This study investigated the production and properties of porous geopolymeric pastes and mortars, prepared from a mixture of metakaolin with an alkaline solution containing nano-silica and NaOH. Approximately 0.45 wt.% of xanthan gum was added to the water and foaming agent solution during foam preparation to enable the formation of stable and small bubbles, which are fundamental for the preparation of homogeneous porous geopolymers with uniform pores. The incorporation of 5 wt.% to 10 wt.% of pre-formed foam into the produced pastes resulted in the creation of specimens with low density, high porosity, low modulus of elasticity and reduced mechanical strength. In general, the pastes exhibited average pore diameters between 99 and 137 µm and high air permeability due to the interconnectivity of the present pores. For the porous mortars, compositions containing geopolymer or Portland cement as binders and different foam contents were evaluated. Samples with low density (1.18 to 2.11 g/cm³) and high porosity were obtained. Those containing geopolymer showed higher total porosity compared to cementitious ones. This characteristic resulted in compositions with low stiffness and mechanical resistance, as well as low thermal conductivity (0.29-0.34 W/m.K). The results confirmed the feasibility of producing porous and homogeneous microstructures, highlighting the great potential of geopolymers to act as substitutes for Portland cement in lightweight mortar compositions.
O papel da informação na política pública de assistência à saúde suplementar de servidores da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-17) Moraes, Tainara Gabriele de; Justo, Carolina Raquel Duarte de Mello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9209489935777843; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2415431250469293
The execution of administrative procedures structures the implementation of public policies, and the recognition of the norms and rules that regulate them is fundamental for their correct execution. The reimbursement of supplementary health expenses for civil servants of the Union, autarchies, and federal public foundations constitutes a health assistance benefit. To access this benefit, it is necessary to prove the contracting of a health care plan, along with the accountability and verification of expenses with the contracted plan as a means of controlling this policy. This investigation identifies knowledge gaps among UFSCar beneficiary employees that may result in undue payments or the non-granting of the due benefit. Therefore, beneficiaries need to know their rights and duties related to this public policy through clear access to the information and specifications that regulate the benefit. The objective of this work is to analyze the implementation of supplementary health assistance for employees and to develop proposals for actions to improve the dissemination of information in the stages of the process flow. The research adopts a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach. To this end, a questionnaire is applied to UFSCar beneficiary employees and an interview is conducted with a public employee from the human resources department of another federal higher education institution.
O uso de gamificação no ensino da ferramenta de Linha de Balanço
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-17) Correa, Cecília Carniello; Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-976X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6532925191722912; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8223-3133
The low level of knowledge of lean principles and tools by professionals in the construction industry may be attributed to the absence of a specific content approach during their training process. Therefore, the adoption of gamification as a teaching strategy could help enhance training effectiveness, increase interest, and improve retention of learning among participants. Supporting this perspective, this dissertation conducts an experiment with undergraduate students in Civil Engineering at the Federal University of São Carlos, combining gamification with traditional lectures. This study aims to assess the impact of gamification on the teaching of the Line of Balance (LOB) tool, which was adopted by the lean philosophy. To achieve this goal, a pilot experiment was conducted to validate data collection instruments and the game application method. Following the analysis and necessary corrections, a second application was conducted. Data for the research was gathered through two knowledge tests (quantitative analysis) and three qualitative questionnaires. Participants were divided into a control and intervention group to compare the traditional teaching method (control) and this method combined with gamification (intervention). Statistical analysis of the collected data revealed that students in the intervention group achieved better results in the tests. It was also noted that students participated much more actively and showed significantly higher engagement in the gamified class compared to the traditional lecture. The results indicate the positive influence of the use of gamified approaches in teaching LOB. The experiment demonstrated the feasibility of integrating gamification into the classroom, offering potential benefits to the construction industry at large.
O realismo especular: a perspectiva de Piero della Francesca na construção do olhar fotográfico moderno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-17) Fortunato, Ana Cláudia Maurino; Costa, Alan Victor Pimenta de Almeida Pales; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5414466437997230; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8715-4229; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4568424670948962; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0677-2212
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo explorar las formas en que los procesos de educación visual organizados por la técnica de la perspectiva en la obra de Piero della Francesca (1415 – 1492), contribuyeron a consolidar la noción de realismo fotográfico. Analizaremos las conexiones entre las pinturas de Piero della Francesca y la fotografía moderna, buscando comprender cómo los conceptos matemáticos, tales como la razón, la proporcionalidad, la tridimensionalidad y la perspectiva, fueron parte de esta construcción visual que nos orienta en nuestra forma de ver y observar. Más allá de eso, también nos guía incluso en nuestra manera de tomar imágenes y realizar registros. Esta construcción, que involucra el realismo fotográfico, conlleva contradicciones que lo denuncian, mostrando que una fotografía difiere de lo real por varios factores y que nunca será igual a lo real, representando así el realismo pero no la realidad.
Kapü kameakuē: o que colhi com Inute Tuta e os Kwazá-Aikanã
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-17) Sucupira, Gicele; Vander Velden, Felipe Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289231173735671; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5684-1250; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0273614920990040; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4305-7368
This thesis is an anthropological exercise based on my learning from the indigenous sage Inute Tuta and the Kwazá-Aikanã people from the Dois Irmãos village in the Kwazá’s Rio São Pedro Indigenous Land, located in the southern part of the state of Rondônia. With Inute Tuta, I sought to 'gather' what the Kwazá-Aikanã wish to record for non-indigenous people and for future generations. The mukudu (body ornaments), indigenous names, photographs, soccer, and açaí are important means of relating to others and showcasing who the Kwazá-Aikanã are. From the mukudu, central theme of Inute Tuta's work, I learned about 'utilization,' a Kwazá-Aikanã way of living that expresses itself in an ethics of life, with rules and guidelines for relationships with others, in which one cares for, values, respects, and uses only what is necessary of what is available. This way of living is essential for survival in a world where the assaré (non-Indians) are the majority and scarcity is increasingly present.This is the first ethnography about the Kwazá-Aikanã following the guidance of the people themselves, particularly that of Inute Tuta.