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Fotocatalisadores modificados baseados em PHI para oxidação do álcool alílico para ácido acrílico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-30)
Costa, Danielly Tamires da Silva
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Teixeira, Ivo Freitas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9782517948999001
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-061X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4070759896367717
The production of plastics in the petrochemical industry significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, being responsible for 17% of global industrial emissions. In contrast, biomass, when used sustainably, is carbon-neutral because the carbon released during its combustion is used by plants in the photosynthesis process. Carbon nitrides are known as photocatalysts capable of promoting the oxidation of alcohols, including the conversion of aromatic alcohols to carboxylic acids under controlled conditions. However, the photooxidation of allyl alcohol to acrylic acid using carbon nitrides as catalysts has never been reported in the literature. In this study, we investigate the oxidation of allyl alcohol to produce acrylic acid using H-PHI, a crystalline carbon nitride with potential applications in oxidative reactions. The synthesis of the photocatalyst, based on crystalline carbon nitrides of the type (poly (heptazine imide) sodium (Na-PHI) followed procedures well reported in the literature. A series of catalysts with different degrees of protonation (H-PHI) were synthesized via controlled protonation of Na-PHI. The obtained catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-spectroscopy. These catalysts were tested in photooxidation reactions of allyl alcohol to acrylic acid. Different variations in the reaction medium were explored, including solvent, amount of catalyst, and oxygen pressure as the oxidizing agent. These catalysts not only achieved high efficiency in conversion but also maintained excellent selectivity for the desired product. H- PHI catalysts proved to be more efficient than metal-doped PHI-based catalysts. Therefore, the results obtained demonstrate that protonated carbon nitrides (H-PHI) are a highly efficient and sustainable alternative to traditional catalysts, such as Mo8V2WOδ/SBA-15. Additionally, they are efficient at room temperature and low pressures. Our results indicate up to 100% selectivity for acrylic acid and 70% conversion using water as a solvent at room temperature.
Simulação computacional da prensagem de pós para a previsão de falhas em compactos verdes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-30)
Furlan, Matheus
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Sciuti, Vinicius Fiocco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0230261917656691
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-3189
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Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani
Numerical simulation is a powerful tool for reducing production costs and improving dimensional tolerance and mechanical properties of parts produced by powder pressing. The prediction of mechanical properties in green compacts, during and after compaction, is crucial for ensuring part integrity in subsequent processes, such as green machining and sintering. However, failure prediction in green compacts is a field yet to be explored. Additionally, the constitutive models used to represent the mechanical behavior of the powder calls for various calibration procedures. In this context, this project aims to explore the use of experimental procedures and numerical simulations to predict failures in green compacts. To do so, closed-die pressing tests were conducted using an instrumented die equipped with strain gauges, pistons with axial sensors, an axial load cell, and an LVDT sensor. The experimental signals were compared with their numerical counterparts to adjust the parameters of the Drucker-Prager/Cap (DPC) constitutive model, based on parameters obtained from the literature. Two materials were evaluated: alumina powder and PTFE powder. After these adjustments, rubber multiaxial pressing (RMP) tests were planned via numerical simulations, aiming at a geometry/condition in which pinching of the elastomeric mold occurs on the green compact. Experimentally, fractures were observed for both materials. By post-processing the simulation results of these RMP tests, it was possible to validate the DPC model as an indicator of the failures observed experimentally, despite the model's development for simulating material consolidation. The agreement was higher for greater pressure and density levels, and for alumina powder. Thus, the use of DPC models during pressing simulations may provide valuable information about certain conditions and regions that might experience failure, which can be directly applied to rubber mold projects for isostatic pressing and rubber multiaxial pressing.
Aumento da resistência à corrosão por refusão a laser do aço 316L
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-30)
Cruz, Ana Larissa Soares
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Gargarella, Piter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4641435644243916
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4445-5819
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Koga, Guilherme Yuuki
Austenitic stainless steels (ASS), notably AISI 316L, are recognized for their combination of high mechanical strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance in various applications. However, the presence of manganese sulfide (MnS) in AISI 316L stands out as the main cause of pitting corrosion susceptibility. Since electrochemical corrosion is a surface-initiated process, LASER surface remelting (LSR) can be a quick and effective method for eliminating these inclusions, given the process characteristics: high energy density and high heating and cooling rates. This study aims to recover AISI 316L steel compromised by MnS using LSR. The conditions as received and after laser remelting with different energy densities were microstructurally characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Additionally, the degree of sensitization (ISO 12732) and chloride-induced corrosion resistance were evaluated, the latter investigated by cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 0.6 M NaCl solution. XPS analyses were conducted for further characterization of the generated films. Power levels of 150 W and 300 W at an energy density of 2000 J/cm² were found to effectively modify and solubilize coarse and acicular MnS inclusions, resulting in a refined and homogeneous microstructure. The remelted samples exhibit a thick and uniform passive layer rich in Cr₂O₃, with high resistivity values (ρδ), indicating superior electrochemical performance. The results highlight the synergistic effects of higher energy densities and power levels in restoring surface corrosion resistance, enabling the formation of more protective and uniform passive films.
Pensamento computacional, pensamento teórico e currículo escolar à luz da teoria histórico-cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-30)
Mattos, Francielle de
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Mello, Maria Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2404-7957
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2292116311910266
Computational Thinking, as one of the themes of the document Computing Complement to the BNCC, aims to develop cognitive skills related to problem-solving in a structured and systematic way and to develop thinking through computation. Throughout this text, the research, of a theoretical and bibliographical nature, based on the studies of Vigotsky, Davidov, Leontiev, Tikhomirov, the study explored several perspectives on the concept of Computational Thinking (CT). This term has undergone several reformulations with the aim of contributing to the updating of the curricula of courses in the area of Computing in higher education and to the organization of the teaching of these contents in Basic Education. From this, emphasis was placed on its teaching in Early Childhood Education, especially in Preschool, and in the first two years of Elementary School. Thus, it sought to answer the following question: Is computational thinking, as proposed in the BNCC and in its complement in the Preschool phase and in the first two years of Elementary School, towards the development of students' theoretical thinking as proposed by the Historical-Cultural Theory? Thus, the main objective was to characterize and analyze the understanding of computational thinking from the perspective of the Historical-Cultural Theory, as presented in the document Computing: Complement to the BNCC, in the stages of early childhood education (preschool phase) and in the first two years of Elementary School. Having pointed this out, the thesis presents that computational thinking as mentioned in the official documents analyzed is not characterized as theoretical thinking, according to the Historical-Cultural Theory. To this end, the logical-historical movement of the concept “computational thinking” was discussed and subsequently in-depth studies on the need for its formalization and conceptualization were carried out. The analyses led to the elaboration of an integrative synthesis, which guides the formation of theoretical thinking in an articulated manner and resignifies the concepts of Computational Thinking in light of the Theory of Reorganization through Human-Computer Interaction. The results of the research indicated that the term “Computational Thinking”, as presented in the official documents BNCC and Computing: Complement to the BNCC, is not characterized as theoretical thinking according to the Historical-Cultural Theory. In conclusion, it was understood that these documents do not promote the principles of dialectical logic but emphasize "know-how" — skills and competencies — to the detriment of the development of concepts and the formation of theoretical thought.
Desenvolvimento de processos cromatográficos empregando ensaios de triagem e modelagem fenomenológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-30)
Vieira, Felipe
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Pádua, Thiago de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8909812973749651
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-6991
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Ribeiro, Marcelo
Phenomenological models are valuable tools for developing chromatography methods. However, its applicability is impaired by the theorical complexity and accessibility to model parameters. Despite materials are usually select by screening protocols, data obtained during this phase are not used further in the development of the purification process. Here, a joint estimation procedure that integrates data from microplate screening with a single column experiment was proposed to estimate equilibrium and dispersion parameters for modeling gradient elution. Initial estimates of equilibrium isotherm parameters were derived from the screening data, which were then refined by incorporating column chromatogram data to estimate mass transport parameters and enhance isotherm predictions. The proposed method was validated with a reverse phase chromatography using a non-ionic surfactant and functionalized silica. The equilibrium parameters estimated with microplate data predicted a retention volume 8.9% far from experimental results, while the joint estimation prediction was 0.8% in the best-case scenario. In this case, results show that the use of screening data combined with an L-curve method effectively mitigated model overfitting, even when relying on a single gradient elution column assay. The presented protocol should speed up the process development and reduce the consumption of inputs with column experiments.
Contribuições do ensino bilíngue Libras/Português para a aquisição da linguagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-30)
Isidoro, Jayni Roberta Ramos
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Rubio, Cássio Florêncio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8357993415342241
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6986-1381
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7109381002780237
In this research, we will address the impacts of bilingual education with the inclusion of Libras alongside Portuguese, both for deaf and hearing individuals, and we will examine the influence of this type of education on linguistic acquisition and development. Based on theoretical references, such as Martins (2007) and Gouveia (2019), among others, we carried out a bibliographic analysis of authors who have already experienced bilingual education between sign language and oral language. The results point out, among other issues, a broader lexicon among hearing individuals who went through bilingual education compared to those who experienced monolingual education. Based on this finding, it is concluded that the bilingual oral language/sign language proposal is not only beneficial to deaf children, but also to hearing children.
Novos desenvolvimentos para dados de contagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-30)
Santos, Naiara Caroline Aparecido dos
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Lemonte, Artur José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4283549028869521
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0249-7474
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Bazán Guzmán, Jorge Luis
This work investigates new developments in count data analysis, focusing on two methodologies: Item Response Theory (IRT) models and Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM). The research focuses on the development and application of classical and Bayesian methods to improve the analysis of existing count models and to propose new models. The chapters of this thesis comprise manuscripts developed throughout the doctoral program. First, a study is presented with the Rasch Poisson count model, already existing in the literature, aiming at a better understanding and introducing a new approach through the method of nested and integrated Laplace approximations. Techniques for residual analysis are shown through graphical visualization, using randomized quantile residuals, and the methodology is applied in the field of Psychology. We explore alternative models for count responses, which overcome some of the limitations of the Rasch-Poisson model. We detail its formulation and estimation methods, under both Classical and Bayesian approaches. Additionally, we demonstrate the potential of residual analysis using graphs applied to data from an attention test. Next, when considering mixed models, we introduce a new proposal for count responses, based on the one-parameter Bell distribution, explicitly detailing its formulation and estimation under Classical and Bayesian approaches. We evaluate the parameter recovery of the proposed estimation methodology through a simulation study and also show the potential of its use in an application to epileptic seizure data. Finally, we propose a new mixed regression model based on the Bell-Touchard distribution parameterized by the mean. Simulation studies are presented, and the methodology is applied in a neurophysiological experiment. The various studies and applications throughout the text show that the proposals yield good results and have potential use by researchers in various fields, with the codes used for parameter estimation made available.
Qualidade do leite e efeito do processamento sobre a segurança microbiológica do Queijo Porungo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-30)
Cardoso, Maria Luiza
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Pimentel Filho, Natan de Jesus
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9157232954010211
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730405531015391
Porungo is a traditional artisanal cheese produced in the southwestern region of São Paulo state. Although the milk used in its production is not thermally treated, which could pose a risk of pathogen contamination, the curd undergoes a hot water stretching process. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the raw milk used in the production of Porungo cheese, as well as the impact of processing on the contaminating microbiota. Milk samples were collected from seven cows at a Porungo cheese production unit and analyzed for somatic cell count (SCC), standard plate count (SPC), total coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterobacteria, molds and yeasts, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus spp., as well as chemical composition. Over the course of a year, samples of milk, fermented-whey, curd, cheese post-stretching, and cheese post-salting were collected and evaluated for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total and thermotolerant coliforms, and S. aureus counts. Additionally, the effect of stretching in hot water at temperatures between 65 and 72 °C on the viability of Listeria innocua inoculated into the Porungo cheese curd was evaluated. Three of the seven cows evaluated had SCC levels above 400,000 SC/mL, with S. aureus detected at levels exceeding 3 log CFU/mL in all milk samples, indicating the presence of subclinical mastitis in some animals. All raw milk samples freshly collected had SPC levels below 4.5 log CFU/mL, while fat and total solids content were extremely low. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria and S. aureus counts were not influenced by the season but showed significant differences among the cheese processing stages. Although the stretching stage did not significantly reduce the microbial population in both groups evaluated, a significant reduction was observed in the cheese after salting. The total coliform population varied throughout the evaluation period and among the stages analyzed, with no samples showing contamination by thermotolerant coliforms. The stretching process reduced L. innocua contamination by more than 1 log CFU/g in the cheese curd. Therefore, it can be concluded that, in general, the microbial population is not significantly affected by the time-temperature combination used in the cheese stretching process (65 °C for 2 min). On the other hand, L. innocua showed sensitivity to the stretching process. Thus, low contamination levels in the cheese must be ensured by good milking practices combined with good manufacturing practices.
Análise do ensino-aprendizagem de alunos do ensino médio usando a sequência didática “Os passeios aleatórios do Homem de Ferro”
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-30)
Campos, Guilherme Augusto Silvestre de
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Venezuela, Antonio Luis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8722224671269332
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1926207057247440
In this work, through the McNemar Test and the proficiency test, we show the student's level of learning through a didactic sequence based on “Mônica's Random Walks” which for us was adapted to “Iron Man's Random Walks” with students from high school at a public school in the city of Sorocaba. The proposal for the didactic sequence was developed based on the theoretical foundation of didactic engineering, in which the working steps during the process were divided into theoretical and practical experiments, where students had to answer two nine-question questionnaires before and after the didactic sequence, which were tabulated and analyzed using the McNemar test. The test brought us a measurement of the student's learning, which could be, does not apply or applies, but it leaves a certain doubt, as it did not consider low variations, for this reason we created a percentage proficiency test so that it was possible a visualization by segments and thus have more data and information to carry out the necessary comparisons. Therefore, we would be able to measure through the comparisons proposed by both the McNemar test and the proficiency test how much the student was or was not able to learn the pre-established concepts in this proposal.
Estudo da viabilidade da determinação da dissolução em meio aquoso de compostos óxidos utilizando a ferramenta open source orange data mining
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-30)
Santos, Armando José de Sá
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Andreeta, Marcello Rubens Barsi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7904227795652627
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6286321140581380
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8242-6571
Solubility, or the ability of a material to dissolve in a solvent, is a fundamental property of materials, especially for ceramics and glass. The complexity of solute-solvent interactions makes it difficult to accurately calculate solubility, and the lack of precise measurement methods can affect the reliability of the data. The dissolution rate, which is the speed at which a solute dissolve, is crucial in areas such as chemistry and pharmacology. The Noyes-Whitney equation, developed in 1897, describes how the dissolution rate is influenced by various factors. The chemical composition of a glass can significantly influences its properties, including solubility and dissolution rate. Data mining and machine learning can be used to predict these properties, assisting in the discovery and design of new materials. Neural Networks are particularly useful for predicting solubility and dissolution rate due to their ability to model complex relationships. Orange Data Mining is a data mining and machine learning tool that can be used to predict the solubility and dissolution rate of glasses based on their composition. The tool is intuitive and easy to use, allowing researchers to build models without the need for extensive coding. It is also capable of handling large data sets, essential for data mining, proposing a unified approach to predict both solubility and dissolution rate, using only the material composition as input. This simplifies the prediction process, making it more accessible and less dependent on complex data. In this work, through open-source software, a study of the feasibility of using this tool in predicting solubility and dissolution rate in aqueous medium applied to oxide compounds will be presented.
São Benedito e a Estação das Curas: saúde, devoção e constituições do território sul-mineiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-31)
Pereira, Gabriela Acerbi
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Dulley, Iracema Hilário
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3004789177515766
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0791-5313
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4894088139327334
The thesis addresses family experiences of devotion in São Benedito and in the Pretos Velhos entities in the south of Minas Gerais, considering the connections between both sacred presences in the territory. Based on these experiences of devotion, we investigated how generational health maintenance practices not only affected the organization and maintenance of families from a spiritual point of view, the perpetuation of traditional festivities linked to saints or consultation with entities, but the historical constitution of the South of Minas Gerais itself, relating them to understandings about healing, care and faith. Considering spiritual actions in the context of family trajectories, perceptions and ways of doing things inherited from ancestors were articulated and recorded, and to what extent these ways can narrate the historical transformations of the city of Poços de Caldas and its surrounding areas where it was dismembered between the 18th and 19th centuries, such as the municipality of Caldas. Based on 1) the lived narratives and memories shared by devout families, 2) together with the photographic collections of each family nucleus, 3) the consultation of archival documentation associated with the Festivals for São Benedito and Nossa Senhora do Rosário in the 19th century and the enslaved population in the territory, 4) as well as a bibliographic review about the slavery structure and the post-abolition context in the southern region of Minas Gerais, previous and current devotional experiences are described and analyzed. In this direction, the fieldwork develops from the cures experienced connected to ancestors (family members and Pretos Velhos entities) and which also situate São Benedito as a doctor for the population. All these processes were also considered to be situated in a region that was named Healing Station at the turn of the 19th century to the 20th century due to the presence of thermal waters and which, due to this factor, experienced high institutional investments from the empire, erasure policies aimed at the black population and indigenous people of the territory and a modernization project based on the logic of whitening and urban development associated with scientific thermalism and tourist exploitation of the region in such periods.
Comportamento de oxidação em temperatura elevada do aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 201LN
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-31)
Spósito, Eric Valmir
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Silva, Rodrigo da
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/3763016865133213
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-1334
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Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della
With a proposal to be more economical alloys, the 200 series austenitic stainless steels have shown increasing market shares, often replacing 304 stainless steel in domestic applications. Despite their usage also in high-temperature environments, the oxidation behavior in these situations is not yet widely understood, for there is a lack of investigations specifically aimed at those alloys. This project investigated the high-temperature oxidation behavior of AISI 201LN austenitic stainless steel. Samples were oxidized in air and characterizations via optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were carried out. At 700 ºC little oxidation took place and the material presented a thinner and more compact oxide layer, with some defects like nodes and spallation; on the other hand, at 750 and 800 ºC the mass gain due to oxidation was approximately ten times more intense, and the material exhibited an oxide layer with a very irregular, porous morphology, with many cracks and severe spallation. Such differences were related to the different oxides formed at each combination of time and temperature, with the formation mainly of simple and complex Cr and Mn-rich oxides at the lowest temperature, while at the highest temperatures the formation of an external Fe-rich oxide took place. Ultimately it could be concluded that the oxidation resistance of the material is mainly driven by Mn, which induces the formation of non-protective oxides, detrimental to the oxidation resistance of the alloy.
Caminhos para o sucesso: a coalizão e as medidas provisórias no governo Bolsonaro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-31)
Bertolazzi, Marina Zen
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Casalecchi, Gabriel Avila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9759794253878555
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1033582855595085
Amid debates about the importance of institutional political arrangements for the maintenance and stability of the democratic regime, as well as a perception of the changing views on coalition presidentialism, the challenge faced by presidents in forming and maintaining necessary alliances in Congress stands out. The negotiation power concentrated in the hands of the Executive, a source for obtaining a coalition by using control over the ministerial organization of the government, the power of the agenda, and the decree power as tools for exchanging support, becomes essential for understanding a president's way of governing. The current situation in Brazil, here focused on the government of Jair Bolsonaro, presents challenges to the literature on coalition formation by witnessing a presidential candidate's choice not to officially engage with other parties, and raises questions about the efficacy of coalitions in governance and the way it is conducted. Throughout his government, however, the approach with the suprapartisan group Centrão has attracted attention. Considering his four-year term, this thesis aims to comparatively analyze governance in an isolated government and in a coalition government. The study focuses on the Provisional Presidential Decree presented by the sitting president, observing the impact on legislative success of the conversion of these decrees after obtaining support from 2021 onwards. The results indicate that the approach to parties, especially with the president of the Chamber of Deputies, provided significant support for the deliberation and approval of his decrees, but with an added caveat: the increased prominence of the Legislature and its growing interference in government projects.
Branquitude e ressignificação: novas propostas de análise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-31)
Martins, Lauro Geovany Damasceno
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Baronas, Roberto Leiser
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0758-0370
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2818364825040647
In the first part of this master's thesis, we begin our discussions within Critical Whiteness Studies, an interdisciplinary field of study that has emerged in recent decades, especially in the Brazilian context. After a short historical review of the constitution of the field (Fanon, 2008; Memmi, 1957; Ramos, 1957; Schucman, 2023; Sovik, 2009; Frankenberg, 2004; DiAngelo, 2018; Bento, 2022), we point out what may be the possible shifts based on Cardoso (2008, 2017, 2020) to think about a categorization of the discursive practices of occupants of whiteness. Both non-signatory occupants of whiteness, as we have called those who put themselves in the public space as allies in the anti-racist struggle, and those who intentionally adhere to this racial pact, can have racial practices that are sometimes more anti-racist and sometimes more racist. Breaking away from the categorization of "being anti-racist" or "being racist" allows us to think of positions that are not watertight, but porous, in terms of understanding what the contribution of occupants of whiteness to the anti-racist struggle is and can be. So, on a scale that combines a coefficient of criticality with another of agentivity, namely the critical-agentivity scale, we have listed at least six possible positions for thinking about the (non-)contribution of these subjects to the struggle. At the extreme left of the scale, indicating the highest degree of positive contribution to the struggle, we have agentive criticality, followed by performative criticality and indifferent criticality. Moving into the more racist degrees of practice, we start at the right of the scale with displaced non-criticality, meritocratic non-criticality and, finally, supremacist non-criticality. The first term of these names (criticality or non-criticality) refers to the presence or absence of self-questioning about the privileges received, not just the recognition or not of receiving these symbolic and material advantages. Consequently, the second term of these names elucidates the categorization of the types of agentivity that these subjects can exercise, ranging from a more anti-racist social action to a more racist one. By categorizing the racial practices of the occupants of whiteness, and not, as is common, the subjects themselves, we remove the possibility of thinking in closed, watertight, immutable denominations, almost always based on fragile arguments, to start with a detailed analysis of what is supra-individual and, consequently, for everyone to do or avoid. In the second part of this paper, we will deal with Discursive Resignification as a theoretical apparatus - Resignification, as a movement of the subalternized classes, is not something new in the public space. Several studies have applied the theory of discursive resignification in order to test the effectiveness of this device (Baronas, 2024; Ponsoni, 2023; Baronas, Costa, Fabiano, 2022; Baronas, 2021; Costa, 2021a; Costa, 2021b; Baronas, Costa, Conti, 2021). All of them, with great success, reveal to us the pertinence of theorizing and working with a theoretical apparatus of such revolutionary power, since it serves as an instrument for the emancipation of socio-historically marginalized groups. This process of reversing the values of certain linguistic forms that are used to offend marginalized subjects is now theorized within the scope of linguistic-discursive studies and operates, according to Paveau (2021a), guided by seven linguistic-techno-discursive criteria. This theoretical paper aims to present the motivations for considering an eighth criterion for this theoretical device, here called the intersectional criterion. To this end, we have aligned ourselves with the theoretical-methodological assumptions of French discourse analysis, more specifically those of Digital Discourse Analysis (Paveau, 2021a), with the aim of reflecting exclusively on the theoretical proposal of discursive re-signification, and not on the uses that materialize this theory. To this end, it is worth pointing out that Digital Discourse Analysis operates under three main pillars that are sine qua non for thinking about discursive re-signification: (1) the ecological approach to discursive production; (2) the symmetrical view of linguistic materialities and (3) the post-dualist perspective. These three components lead us to think of a new way of working with digital discourse - no longer conceiving of it as a discourse allocated to the digital, but a discourse that is digitally native, that is constituted together with the digital. The two proposals presented in this paper are justified by the need to think of new categories that take into account, with a greater degree of totality, the social phenomena that are emerging, especially those that take place in the digital world.
A agiotagem popular: dívidas e conflito urbano em São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-31)
Gobbi, Fernanda de
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Motta, Luana Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042165629261102
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0965909431269360
Studies of informal-illegal transactions, popular finance, and the credit market are firmly established in the social sciences. Few studies, however, pay attention to the intersection of social dynamics and power invested in the circulation of money in the form of credit in the popular economy. The objective of this dissertation is to understand how the practice of popular loan sharking structures an informal-illegal loan system, which is based on; a) a circuit for mobilizing material and social resources that guarantees the informal/illegal business; b) a protection circuit that guarantees the effectiveness of collections; c) a client circuit that guarantees the revenue from the cash flow. The fieldwork was carried out by adhering to the fundamental principles of urban and economic ethnography in three regions of the city of São Paulo; a) an upper middle-class district in the south; b) a favela in the far east; c) and a popular shopping area located in the center. As an analytical approach, I recover the history of three debts and show in each territory the networks are instrumentalized and verticalized. I argue that there is no ‘urban underworld’, nor an ‘economic underworld’, of which loan sharking is a part. Instead, it are social relations in the city and in the economy that produce inequalities. The very perception of popular loan sharking as a violent ‘underworld’ is a perspective that validates inequalities and that reproduces the violence that it supposedly denounces.
Produção de cuidado e de conhecimento na perspectiva interseccional: experiência de uma estudante de terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-31)
Souza, Ana Paula Alves
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Minatel, Martha Morais
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3621113172277748
Recently, studies have been noted that relate Occupational Therapy and its practices with intersectionality. Therefore, the present work aims to report the experience of an undergraduate student in Occupational Therapy within the scope of assistance, research and care with a focus on intersectionality. The data and information in this experience report come from practices carried out in an extension project called “Território do Cuidar” and from a Scientific Initiation research entitled “What children say and do in their daily lives: problematizing and building anti-racist cultures in promoting mental health.” Reflections were made based on the experiences reported in light of the methodological references based on the work, namely: popular health education and intersectionality. We realize that problematizing and understanding social markers with children is extremely important to promote children's mental health, developing the perception of how these markers are present in their daily lives. As a final consideration, I emphasize the importance of contact with care and research practices during graduation, through which it is possible to make theoretical-practical relationships that are important for professional and personal development.
Práticas educativas de produção de textos escritos nos 4ºs e 5ºs anos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-31)
Giampaolo, Jessica
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Sisla, Heloisa Chalmers
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9446133131561056
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7530431019280889
The present research aims to analyze educational practices used by teachers in the development of the production of written texts in the teaching of the Portuguese Language, specifically in the 4th and 5th years of Elementary Education, with main purpose of contributing to reflection on how such practices can help in magnification of the use of the language in the post-literacy period. The research question is defined as follows: "What educational practices do teachers use to develop the written text production of students in the 4th and 5th grades of Elementary School in Portuguese Language classes?". Based on the concepts of Bardin (1977), a categorical and thematic analysis was conducted on the educational practices used by five teachers aiming at the development of written text production in a state public school in the municipality of São Carlos. The study continues based on reflection on the conception of language by Bakhtin (1997), Bagno (2012) and Travaglia (2009), on the definitions of text genre and mastery of language by Dolz, Noverraz e Schneuwly (2004), Marcushi (2008) and Bezerra (2017), in the concepts of Freire (1987), Zabala (1998), Possenti (2000) and Oliveira (2006) about educational practices, and in the reflections on textual productions, coherence and cohesion of written texts by Geraldi (1995, 2004), Atunes (2005), Reyes and Piccoli (2011) and Bueno, Mascia and Scaransi (2016). This research follows a qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews with five teachers from the 4th and 5th years of Elementary Education about their educational practices in producing written texts. The results indicated that the teachers follow the “Currículo Paulista”, but criticize the materials for being outdated and inadequate, mentioning the need to complement and adapt the activities. It was also found that the teachers prefer to begin work on text production with retextualizations, aiming to create written retellings of model texts. They consider collective and paired productions more effective, as the students become more confident and active, while Individual texts tend to have more errors. The difficulties pointed by the teachers in autonomous writing indicated the need for improvement in the proposals. About the use of digital technologies as teaching resources, although they recognize their benefits, they mention that state schools are not always well equipped. The teachers reported successful practices, such as collective productions, complaint letters, mystery storybooks, and seminars, highlighting student interaction and motivation. The results and data analysis contributed to the reflection on how written texts helps to in magnification of the use of the language, leading the student to comprehend their reality, to develop mastery of language to navigate everyday life through it. The educational product of this study consisted of a guide with suggestions for educational practices to develop written text productions in the post-literacy phase, available in e-book format.
Reabilitação de vigas de concreto armado em escala real com reforço à flexão com laminados de CFRP passivos e protendidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-01)
Pereira, Marcelo Fernandes
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Ferreira, Marcelo de Araujo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4199122391532470
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5175-2171
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Dalfré, Gláucia Maria
Among the possible methods of structural strengthening which can be highlighted are: the section enlargement, reinforcement with composite materials, metallic profiles, use of metal plates, and external prestressing. Of these mentioned methods, the use of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) stands out due to their quick and practical application and good mechanical properties. The effectiveness and structural performance of the use of FRP laminates, and/or sheets, in passive flexural strengthening systems of reinforced concrete elements has been proven by different studies. In passive FRP strengthening systems, the failure modes of the elements are commonly characterized by the detachment of the strengthening material under loads corresponding to only 20 to 50% of the ultimate capacity of the FRP. To improve the use of the FRP systems based on externally bonded materials, different studies have analyzed the behavior of structures with prestressed FRP laminates over the past decade. These studies indicate greater increases in the load-carrying of strengthened elements and higher utilization levels in the strengthening material compared to the passive bonding technique. In this context, the present work aims to analyze, through an experimental program, the mechanical behavior of full-scale reinforced concrete beams, either pre-cracked or not, flexurally strengthened with prestressed and passive CFRP laminates. The work also proposes and evaluates design models with the experimental obtained results. For this purpose, an experimental program was carried out with five reinforced concrete beams subjected to four-point bending tests until failure, one unstrengthened beam (reference), two beams flexurally strengthened with externally bonded passive CFRP laminates, and two beams flexurally strengthened with externally bonded prestressed CFRP laminates. One beam of each trengthening type was subjected to pre-cracking. The results showed that the passive strengthening increased the yielding load of up to 16.9% compared to the unstrengthened beam. An increase of up to 23.3% was observed at the ultimate load compared to the reference beam. The use of prestressed strengthening promoted an increase of up to 37.9% and 41.9% in the loads at the yielding of the steel reinforcement and at the ultimate load, respectively, compared to the reference beam. The use of prestressed laminate is more effective to increase the loadcarrying of the elements. Regarding the strains in the strengthening material, considering that the CFRP laminate showed an estimated maximum strain of approximately 14.61‰, an effectiveness of up to 44.4% and 68.4% was obtained for passive and prestressed strengthening, respectively. Thus, the ability of the prestressed strengthening system to attain higher strain levels for the strengthening material compared to passive strengthening is highlighted. Furthermore, the ability of the prestressed CFRP laminate strengthening system to reduce vertical displacements and pre-existing crack openings in structural elements was verified. The simplified analytical model herein proposed for determining the load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete elements flexurally strengthened with prestressed CFRP laminates proved to be effective for estimating the load-carrying capacity of beams subject to flexure. However, it is important to highlight the need for the correct definition of the strain to be attributed to the strengthening material in determining the ultimate resistant moment of the cross-section.
Identificação de oportunidades de melhoria no processo de precificação na área de controladoria com análise do efeito e modo de falhas (FMEA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08)
Oliveira, Shiley Kelly Andrade de
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Borrás, Miguel Ángel Aires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0247842684077591
This work explored the application of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to identify opportunities for process improvement in the pricing activity in a controlling area. The main objective of the research was to find improvements in execution throughout the pricing process. The action research methodology was used as a theoretical basis, which helped to structure and carry out the study. The research involved a detailed analysis of the existing process, identifying faults and proposing improvements with the support of quality tools and the FMEA, which was used to identify the main faults and prioritize actions. The results indicated that these tools were essential for optimizing the pricing process, offering practical and effective solutions to the problems identified. The study thus contributed to improving the quality of pricing activities in the controllership area.
O princípio da dignidade humana: mulheres idosas em estado de encarceramento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-01)
Eduardo, Carlos Henrique
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Burgos, Rosalina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0430255108623706
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0687300582886829
Human dignity must be achieved in all spheres of society. In the case of incarcerated individuals, it is known that prisons are mostly built to house the male population. However, there is a growing number of women sentenced to prison terms, individuals with intrinsic needs in relation to their gender who, in this reality, may not have their principles of dignity respected. With the aging of the Brazilian population, it is plausible to infer that a greater number of elderly women, aged 60 or over, live in a state of incarceration, facing the prison system with the intersectionality between gender and age issues. In this context, the objective of this research is to discuss the principle of human dignity of elderly women in a state of incarceration. To achieve this objective, a concatenation of a Literature Review and interviews with two former inmates, workers at Espaço Memória Carandiru, was carried out. The theoretical basis was conducted with primary source materials, in Portuguese, published between 2016 and 2022, on the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) and Google Scholar platforms, using the descriptors: dignity; incarceration; women; elderly; and visits. Six publications were selected, in addition to the books Encarceradas, by Dráuzio Varella, and Condições de saúde e qualidade de vida dos presos idoso do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, by Maria Cecília Minayo and Patrícia Constantino. The real gap in the scientific literature on the topic of abandonment of elderly incarcerated women is highlighted, the result of a historical erasure by a sexist, androcentric and white society inherited from European colonization, which punishes and makes this portion of the population invisible, the precarious state in which they live and keeps them on the margins of collective belonging, in perpetual marginalization and social exclusion, the result of stigmas and prejudices. The historical erasure of elderly women in prison and the consequent violation of human rights also involves the idea of breaking the imaginary of old age as synonymous with fragility, passivity and kindness, the socio-affective abandonment of these women by their spouses and family members, the lack of practical public policies aimed at women in prisons or even the denial of debate by Public Security organizations on the subject, the necropolitics of the State and the failure of rehabilitation strategies for these women, in addition to the prison system itself that does not meet the physical, psychological and emotional needs of elderly women. Other problems that keep elderly women in prison in a state of vulnerability include the inadequacy of physical spaces, food, and health care. This panorama is also linked to the socioeconomic conditions of incarcerated women, the majority of whom are poor, black or brown, and have little education. Thus, despite national regulatory efforts to try to expand initiatives that address the conditions of incarcerated women, necropolitics and ageism remain, and, ultimately, the lack of visits to these women demonstrates the culminating abandonment of the reality they live in today's society.