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Branquitude e ressignificação: novas propostas de análise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-31) Martins, Lauro Geovany Damasceno; Baronas, Roberto Leiser; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0758-0370; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2818364825040647; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7651-6474
In the first part of this master's thesis, we begin our discussions within Critical Whiteness Studies, an interdisciplinary field of study that has emerged in recent decades, especially in the Brazilian context. After a short historical review of the constitution of the field (Fanon, 2008; Memmi, 1957; Ramos, 1957; Schucman, 2023; Sovik, 2009; Frankenberg, 2004; DiAngelo, 2018; Bento, 2022), we point out what may be the possible shifts based on Cardoso (2008, 2017, 2020) to think about a categorization of the discursive practices of occupants of whiteness. Both non-signatory occupants of whiteness, as we have called those who put themselves in the public space as allies in the anti-racist struggle, and those who intentionally adhere to this racial pact, can have racial practices that are sometimes more anti-racist and sometimes more racist. Breaking away from the categorization of "being anti-racist" or "being racist" allows us to think of positions that are not watertight, but porous, in terms of understanding what the contribution of occupants of whiteness to the anti-racist struggle is and can be. So, on a scale that combines a coefficient of criticality with another of agentivity, namely the critical-agentivity scale, we have listed at least six possible positions for thinking about the (non-)contribution of these subjects to the struggle. At the extreme left of the scale, indicating the highest degree of positive contribution to the struggle, we have agentive criticality, followed by performative criticality and indifferent criticality. Moving into the more racist degrees of practice, we start at the right of the scale with displaced non-criticality, meritocratic non-criticality and, finally, supremacist non-criticality. The first term of these names (criticality or non-criticality) refers to the presence or absence of self-questioning about the privileges received, not just the recognition or not of receiving these symbolic and material advantages. Consequently, the second term of these names elucidates the categorization of the types of agentivity that these subjects can exercise, ranging from a more anti-racist social action to a more racist one. By categorizing the racial practices of the occupants of whiteness, and not, as is common, the subjects themselves, we remove the possibility of thinking in closed, watertight, immutable denominations, almost always based on fragile arguments, to start with a detailed analysis of what is supra-individual and, consequently, for everyone to do or avoid. In the second part of this paper, we will deal with Discursive Resignification as a theoretical apparatus - Resignification, as a movement of the subalternized classes, is not something new in the public space. Several studies have applied the theory of discursive resignification in order to test the effectiveness of this device (Baronas, 2024; Ponsoni, 2023; Baronas, Costa, Fabiano, 2022; Baronas, 2021; Costa, 2021a; Costa, 2021b; Baronas, Costa, Conti, 2021). All of them, with great success, reveal to us the pertinence of theorizing and working with a theoretical apparatus of such revolutionary power, since it serves as an instrument for the emancipation of socio-historically marginalized groups. This process of reversing the values of certain linguistic forms that are used to offend marginalized subjects is now theorized within the scope of linguistic-discursive studies and operates, according to Paveau (2021a), guided by seven linguistic-techno-discursive criteria. This theoretical paper aims to present the motivations for considering an eighth criterion for this theoretical device, here called the intersectional criterion. To this end, we have aligned ourselves with the theoretical-methodological assumptions of French discourse analysis, more specifically those of Digital Discourse Analysis (Paveau, 2021a), with the aim of reflecting exclusively on the theoretical proposal of discursive re-signification, and not on the uses that materialize this theory. To this end, it is worth pointing out that Digital Discourse Analysis operates under three main pillars that are sine qua non for thinking about discursive re-signification: (1) the ecological approach to discursive production; (2) the symmetrical view of linguistic materialities and (3) the post-dualist perspective. These three components lead us to think of a new way of working with digital discourse - no longer conceiving of it as a discourse allocated to the digital, but a discourse that is digitally native, that is constituted together with the digital. The two proposals presented in this paper are justified by the need to think of new categories that take into account, with a greater degree of totality, the social phenomena that are emerging, especially those that take place in the digital world.
São Benedito e a Estação das Curas: saúde, devoção e constituições do território sul-mineiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-31) Pereira, Gabriela Acerbi; Dulley, Iracema Hilário; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3004789177515766; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0791-5313; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4894088139327334; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9289-247X
The thesis addresses family experiences of devotion in São Benedito and in the Pretos Velhos entities in the south of Minas Gerais, considering the connections between both sacred presences in the territory. Based on these experiences of devotion, we investigated how generational health maintenance practices not only affected the organization and maintenance of families from a spiritual point of view, the perpetuation of traditional festivities linked to saints or consultation with entities, but the historical constitution of the South of Minas Gerais itself, relating them to understandings about healing, care and faith. Considering spiritual actions in the context of family trajectories, perceptions and ways of doing things inherited from ancestors were articulated and recorded, and to what extent these ways can narrate the historical transformations of the city of Poços de Caldas and its surrounding areas where it was dismembered between the 18th and 19th centuries, such as the municipality of Caldas. Based on 1) the lived narratives and memories shared by devout families, 2) together with the photographic collections of each family nucleus, 3) the consultation of archival documentation associated with the Festivals for São Benedito and Nossa Senhora do Rosário in the 19th century and the enslaved population in the territory, 4) as well as a bibliographic review about the slavery structure and the post-abolition context in the southern region of Minas Gerais, previous and current devotional experiences are described and analyzed. In this direction, the fieldwork develops from the cures experienced connected to ancestors (family members and Pretos Velhos entities) and which also situate São Benedito as a doctor for the population. All these processes were also considered to be situated in a region that was named Healing Station at the turn of the 19th century to the 20th century due to the presence of thermal waters and which, due to this factor, experienced high institutional investments from the empire, erasure policies aimed at the black population and indigenous people of the territory and a modernization project based on the logic of whitening and urban development associated with scientific thermalism and tourist exploitation of the region in such periods.
A agiotagem popular: dívidas e conflito urbano em São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-31) Gobbi, Fernanda de; Motta, Luana Dias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042165629261102; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0965909431269360
Studies of informal-illegal transactions, popular finance, and the credit market are firmly established in the social sciences. Few studies, however, pay attention to the intersection of social dynamics and power invested in the circulation of money in the form of credit in the popular economy. The objective of this dissertation is to understand how the practice of popular loan sharking structures an informal-illegal loan system, which is based on; a) a circuit for mobilizing material and social resources that guarantees the informal/illegal business; b) a protection circuit that guarantees the effectiveness of collections; c) a client circuit that guarantees the revenue from the cash flow. The fieldwork was carried out by adhering to the fundamental principles of urban and economic ethnography in three regions of the city of São Paulo; a) an upper middle-class district in the south; b) a favela in the far east; c) and a popular shopping area located in the center. As an analytical approach, I recover the history of three debts and show in each territory the networks are instrumentalized and verticalized. I argue that there is no ‘urban underworld’, nor an ‘economic underworld’, of which loan sharking is a part. Instead, it are social relations in the city and in the economy that produce inequalities. The very perception of popular loan sharking as a violent ‘underworld’ is a perspective that validates inequalities and that reproduces the violence that it supposedly denounces.
Caminhos para o sucesso: a coalizão e as medidas provisórias no governo Bolsonaro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-31) Bertolazzi, Marina Zen; Casalecchi, Gabriel Avila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9759794253878555; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1033582855595085
Amid debates about the importance of institutional political arrangements for the maintenance and stability of the democratic regime, as well as a perception of the changing views on coalition presidentialism, the challenge faced by presidents in forming and maintaining necessary alliances in Congress stands out. The negotiation power concentrated in the hands of the Executive, a source for obtaining a coalition by using control over the ministerial organization of the government, the power of the agenda, and the decree power as tools for exchanging support, becomes essential for understanding a president's way of governing. The current situation in Brazil, here focused on the government of Jair Bolsonaro, presents challenges to the literature on coalition formation by witnessing a presidential candidate's choice not to officially engage with other parties, and raises questions about the efficacy of coalitions in governance and the way it is conducted. Throughout his government, however, the approach with the suprapartisan group Centrão has attracted attention. Considering his four-year term, this thesis aims to comparatively analyze governance in an isolated government and in a coalition government. The study focuses on the Provisional Presidential Decree presented by the sitting president, observing the impact on legislative success of the conversion of these decrees after obtaining support from 2021 onwards. The results indicate that the approach to parties, especially with the president of the Chamber of Deputies, provided significant support for the deliberation and approval of his decrees, but with an added caveat: the increased prominence of the Legislature and its growing interference in government projects.
Produção de cuidado e de conhecimento na perspectiva interseccional: experiência de uma estudante de terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-31) Souza, Ana Paula Alves; Minatel, Martha Morais; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3621113172277748
Recently, studies have been noted that relate Occupational Therapy and its practices with intersectionality. Therefore, the present work aims to report the experience of an undergraduate student in Occupational Therapy within the scope of assistance, research and care with a focus on intersectionality. The data and information in this experience report come from practices carried out in an extension project called “Território do Cuidar” and from a Scientific Initiation research entitled “What children say and do in their daily lives: problematizing and building anti-racist cultures in promoting mental health.” Reflections were made based on the experiences reported in light of the methodological references based on the work, namely: popular health education and intersectionality. We realize that problematizing and understanding social markers with children is extremely important to promote children's mental health, developing the perception of how these markers are present in their daily lives. As a final consideration, I emphasize the importance of contact with care and research practices during graduation, through which it is possible to make theoretical-practical relationships that are important for professional and personal development.
Práticas educativas de produção de textos escritos nos 4ºs e 5ºs anos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-31) Giampaolo, Jessica; Sisla, Heloisa Chalmers; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9446133131561056; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7530431019280889
The present research aims to analyze educational practices used by teachers in the development of the production of written texts in the teaching of the Portuguese Language, specifically in the 4th and 5th years of Elementary Education, with main purpose of contributing to reflection on how such practices can help in magnification of the use of the language in the post-literacy period. The research question is defined as follows: "What educational practices do teachers use to develop the written text production of students in the 4th and 5th grades of Elementary School in Portuguese Language classes?". Based on the concepts of Bardin (1977), a categorical and thematic analysis was conducted on the educational practices used by five teachers aiming at the development of written text production in a state public school in the municipality of São Carlos. The study continues based on reflection on the conception of language by Bakhtin (1997), Bagno (2012) and Travaglia (2009), on the definitions of text genre and mastery of language by Dolz, Noverraz e Schneuwly (2004), Marcushi (2008) and Bezerra (2017), in the concepts of Freire (1987), Zabala (1998), Possenti (2000) and Oliveira (2006) about educational practices, and in the reflections on textual productions, coherence and cohesion of written texts by Geraldi (1995, 2004), Atunes (2005), Reyes and Piccoli (2011) and Bueno, Mascia and Scaransi (2016). This research follows a qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews with five teachers from the 4th and 5th years of Elementary Education about their educational practices in producing written texts. The results indicated that the teachers follow the “Currículo Paulista”, but criticize the materials for being outdated and inadequate, mentioning the need to complement and adapt the activities. It was also found that the teachers prefer to begin work on text production with retextualizations, aiming to create written retellings of model texts. They consider collective and paired productions more effective, as the students become more confident and active, while Individual texts tend to have more errors. The difficulties pointed by the teachers in autonomous writing indicated the need for improvement in the proposals. About the use of digital technologies as teaching resources, although they recognize their benefits, they mention that state schools are not always well equipped. The teachers reported successful practices, such as collective productions, complaint letters, mystery storybooks, and seminars, highlighting student interaction and motivation. The results and data analysis contributed to the reflection on how written texts helps to in magnification of the use of the language, leading the student to comprehend their reality, to develop mastery of language to navigate everyday life through it. The educational product of this study consisted of a guide with suggestions for educational practices to develop written text productions in the post-literacy phase, available in e-book format.
Comportamento de oxidação em temperatura elevada do aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 201LN
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-31) Spósito, Eric Valmir; Silva, Rodrigo da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3763016865133213; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-1334; Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-0561; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0118147240828143; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2976-5213; Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della; Ishikawa, Tomaz Toshimi; Filho, Anibal de Andrade Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5726055117451807; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4033093647135538; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-0561; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-2211; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6230-8196
With a proposal to be more economical alloys, the 200 series austenitic stainless steels have shown increasing market shares, often replacing 304 stainless steel in domestic applications. Despite their usage also in high-temperature environments, the oxidation behavior in these situations is not yet widely understood, for there is a lack of investigations specifically aimed at those alloys. This project investigated the high-temperature oxidation behavior of AISI 201LN austenitic stainless steel. Samples were oxidized in air and characterizations via optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were carried out. At 700 ºC little oxidation took place and the material presented a thinner and more compact oxide layer, with some defects like nodes and spallation; on the other hand, at 750 and 800 ºC the mass gain due to oxidation was approximately ten times more intense, and the material exhibited an oxide layer with a very irregular, porous morphology, with many cracks and severe spallation. Such differences were related to the different oxides formed at each combination of time and temperature, with the formation mainly of simple and complex Cr and Mn-rich oxides at the lowest temperature, while at the highest temperatures the formation of an external Fe-rich oxide took place. Ultimately it could be concluded that the oxidation resistance of the material is mainly driven by Mn, which induces the formation of non-protective oxides, detrimental to the oxidation resistance of the alloy.