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Individualismo e alteridade nos vínculos afetivos-sexuais sob o olhar de mulheres adultas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-21)
Figueredo, Beatriz Soledad Merino
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Risk, Eduardo Name
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9006559297031800
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-2597
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5768820082015943
At the turn of the 21st century, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) emerged as a factor that profoundly influences contemporary sexuality, especially with the popularization of the internet and digital platforms. The aim of this study was to understand affective relationships initiated through digital platforms in order to analyze their trajectory and path. Eight women were interviewed, aged between 21 and 30, heterosexual or bisexual, who had been in stable relationships for two years or more and who met their partners through social networks. The remote interviews were conducted according to a semi-structured script, recorded and transcribed in full. The data was analyzed according to thematic analysis. The research protocol was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee (CEP) of the Pro-Rectory of Research (ProPq) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) (CAAE No. 68823423.0.0000.5504). The following categories were compiled: narcissism, sublime love and relationship history. The results reveal that the construction of affective-sexual relationships is based on the challenging balance between otherness (respect for the idiosyncrasies/singularity of the partner) and narcissism (the search for satisfaction of one's own rights/desires). Some couples remain stuck in narcissistic patterns, where partners seek to satisfy their own desires/needs, treating the other as a means to achieve them. However, couples whose bond is built on understanding each other's limits, recognizing and valuing differences seem to have better levels of affective-sexual satisfaction.
Quanto vale a educação básica? O mercado educacional no contexto da BNCC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-21)
Carvalho, Bia
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Ramos, Géssica Priscila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2573340489166336
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0408042953976344
This research focuses on the role of the educational market in developing and implementing the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) (Brazil, 2017), adopting as reference the Kroton/Cogna group basic education branch, Somos Educação. The research analyzes the Kroton/Cogna group's strategic shifts regarding its role in basic education in the context of the BNCC approval. To do so, we conducted qualitative and quantitative research. The initial step was the bibliographic review with the CAPES Theses and Dissertations Bank and the Scielo platform as primary sources. We reviewed papers whose analysis overlapped with our research objectives and studies that, although not fully aligned with our focus, provided compelling insights into complementary areas such as the BNCC content and context and the current context of educational policies. We pursued archival research focused on reviewing the quarterly results releases the Kroton/Cogna group presented to its investors between 2015 and 2021. This research process allowed us to retrieve the history of New Public Management and observe the direct impact this management style had on education, both in terms of public policies through the BNCC and in the relationship with the private sector. The research presents the BNCC development process, drawing attention to the significant role private institutions played in it. The in-depth analysis of Kroton/Cogna's operations, including its history and products, demonstrates the company's extensive reach in basic education. The research could also demonstrate that the company's priority shift from higher to basic education occurred concomitantly with the BNCC approval process. Even though it is not possible to state categorically a causal relationship between these two phenomena, the research brings to light evidence that these shifts stemmed from a short-term interest – related to market expansion through the redevelopment of teaching materials and the content creation targeting standardized tests – and a long-term interest – directed at training the workforce training according to a specific worldview.
Uso de algoritmos de machine learning para auxiliar no diagnóstico de pacientes portadores de disfonia espasmódica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-21)
Souza, Felippe Favati de
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Barcellos, Robson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9844506370403162
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-4825
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6243087328339802
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a rare voice disorder of neurological etiology that typically affects patients around the age of 30, impairing the process of vocal production and potentially being exacerbated by stressful situations. Given its neurological origin, diagnosis by speech-language pathology professionals is challenging and highly dependent on the evaluator’s expertise in recognizing the disorder. This may prevent patients from receiving optimal treatment, leading to the persistence of symptoms. With technological advances, the search for non-invasive methods for identifying voice disorders can be advantageous in supporting the diagnosis of SD. This study aims to evaluate the use of machine learning techniques to classify voice signals between patients with SD and healthy individuals.
Integração de abordagens sustentáveis de manejo das águas pluviais nas políticas públicas de desenvolvimento urbano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-21)
Pereira, Tássia Romanne Duarte da Silva
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Gonçalves, Luciana Márcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9491069760631962
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-239X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934601742488435
In recent decades, a significant shift has been observed in urban stormwater drainage approaches, particularly in Brazil. This transformation breaks away from the hygienist paradigm and the classical model, which treated the rectification of watercourses and channeling as predominant solutions. New approaches prioritize sustainable management, focusing on resolving drainage issues directly at the source. In this context, Compensatory Techniques, Low Impact Development (LID), and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) stand out. The consolidation of these practices requires support from structured public policies, backed by legislation, projects, and technical standards.This study proposes a systematization of the key elements that enable the integration of sustainable stormwater management into urban development policies. The methodology includes a bibliometric review of terminologies related to the concept of sustainable management, document analysis of public policies, and the application of a structured questionnaire to managers, researchers, and professionals working in municipalities within the three largest Hydrographic Regions of the State of São Paulo. The results highlight four essential pillars for a paradigm shift in stormwater management: governance, community awareness, financing, and climate change. For each of these pillars, specific measures have been systematized that can be implemented through urban public policies, contributing to the development of more resilient and environmentally sustainable cities.
Atuação em política ou atuação profissional: revelações e contradições de um plano de carreira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-21)
Pereira, Gilda Alessandra da Trindade
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Tomazzetti, Cleonice Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4821077407620769
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1976-4604
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4041305843165035
Academic research frequently examines the actions of education professionals, mainly related to early childhood education, due to its public policy dimensions. In light of the creation of such public policies, this research addresses a key problem: how do the public policies of Araçatuba municipality impact the actions of professionals in early childhood education institutions? This question is aligned with the broader goal of analyzing the impacts caused by the elaboration of the Career Plan LC nº 288 (Araçatuba 2022) on professionals working in early childhood education institutions in the city. The research adopts a descriptive-exploratory approach, using the policy cycle analysis of Ball and Bowe (1994) and Mainardes (2006), as well as the Action Theory of Ball, Maguire, and Braun (2016). Furthermore, contributions from Rosemberg (2003, 2015, 2021) and Kramer (2006, 2007, 2013, 2015) were included, among other theorists. The study was conducted from a critical-reflexive perspective, adopting an ethical-onto-epistemological position (Mainardes, 2022), which acknowledges that studies on educational policies involve epistemological, ontological, and ethical considerations. This perspective proposes a unification between theoretical conceptions and ethical behavior, considering the coherence between being, knowing, and acting as a researcher. The methodological procedures involved bibliographic research and document analysis, which addressed historical processes and the consolidation of policies in the professional field of early childhood education in Brazil and the municipality where the research was conducted. Among the results, negative impacts were evident, related to professional devaluation, training policies, early childhood education objectives, and the incompatibility of the municipality's policies with national policies regarding basic education.
A passagem do primeiro ao segundo dualismo pulsional e o problema da constituição do Eu: um estudo sobre Freud
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-21)
Salgado, Gustavo Campassi
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Soria, Ana Carolina Soliva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2903416522364971
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-3981
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2663353245740321
From the very beginning of the development of the Trieb as a psychoanalytic concept, there was a need within the theory to sustain a dualism in terms of the classification of drives. This dualism initially took place between the so-called sexual drives and the self-preservative drives. In its initial conception, the drive is understood as a stimulus (Reiz) which, coming from the body, its source (Quelle), will generate a urge (Drang), aimed at satisfaction (Befriedigung) through the annulment of the state of stimulation. The drive will then enter the psychic field through a representative (Repräsentant), in the form of affection (Affekt) and representation (Vorstellung). Conceiving this movement of drive circulation becomes more complex after 1920 if we take into account that, at this point in the construction of the psychoanalytic discourse, we have the introduction of a drive for which there is no representation in the psyche, in other words, without the element that configures the drive's entry into the psychic field: the death drive (Todestrieb). If we assume, with the Freudian text, that it is through the need for drive circulation that the psychic apparatus is formed, and that representation is a privileged moment in this circulation, the introduction of a drive whose characteristic is the absence of this element opens up a fruitful field of investigation. Bearing in mind that in the second drive dualism the ultimate goal of the drive is its total annulment as a state of stimulation and that the psychic instance called the "I" arises late and in close relation to the need for drive circulation and the establishment of a representational field in the psyche, this dissertation is an investigation into the constitution of the "I" in the light of the second moment of Freudian drive doctrine, starting initially with a preliminary investigation of the transition from the first to the second dualism.
Processos educativos nas práticas do brincar em uma casa de acolhimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-22)
Portella, Camila de Carvalho Cordeiro
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Souza Júnior, Osmar Moreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9176123942671062
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-5634
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1490848131543326
In this master's research, we aimed to identify and understand the educative processes resulting from the social practice of children playing in a shelter in a city in the interior of São Paulo. This is a qualitative research, whose the data production was carried out based on participant observation, with mapping of routines and games, as well as holding a conversation circle, with records being made in a field diary. We held 21 meetings, which mainly included moments with children. For data analysis, we performed category coding. The results point to the analytical categories: playing to be more; oppressive relationships; affections shared, demanded, and denied; and role-play. Playing proved to be a social practice, from which various educative processes took place, such as collaboration, responsibility for household chores, dialogue, care for others, elaboration of conflicts, education of longing, acceptance, trust, affection, struggle for equality and rights, coexistence, amorousness, hope, respect, companionship and unity in diversity, proving to be a humanizing, liberating, dialogic activity that allows children to exercise themselves in being more, in being who they want to be, in going beyond dehumanizing situations and oppressors that marked their stories.
A relação família-escola na educação infantil: a centralidade do diálogo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-22)
Gonzalez, Camila de Fátima
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Silva, Alexandre Rodrigo Nishiwaki da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8697942957516547
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-0062
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7283324913182975
This study is the result of research that was conducted during a master's degree course associated with the Professional Postgraduate Program in Education (PPGPE) at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The guiding question that outlined the work was: “What elements enhance the family-school relationship and what elements hinder it?”. Our objectives were to identify which elements are favorable and which are exclusionary in the family-school relationship, as well as to understand which dialogic actions are necessary to build a partnership between the two instances. To this end, the study was conducted in a Municipal Early Childhood Education Center located in a city in the interior of São Paulo, with both the children's families and the group of teachers who work in the unit as participants. To this aim, we first carried out a literature review focused on the topic. The research was conducted in two separate stages: first, we sent out virtual forms and then we held communicative discussion groups. Both instruments were applied both to the families of the children enrolled at the school and to the teachers. Data was collected and analyzed using the Communicative Methodology, which is in agreement with Dialogic Learning, the theory on which this study is based, since according to it, it is through interactions, intersubjectivity and dialogue that actions are created that favor learning and transformation. The results of this study indicated two points that need to be expanded and brought up for reflection: the importance of parent-teacher meetings and the quality of communication between the school and families. Based on the results, we understand that both families and teachers consider the school-family relationship to be fundamental and that in order for it to happen, some changes are needed so that families and the school become partners, with dialog as the path.
Singular perturbation of a saddle-node boundary equilibrium
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-22)
Cunha, Jackson Luiz Orione Rafael
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Carvalho, Tiago de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3779225124392648
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0606660997687745
In this work, we analyze piecewise smooth planar vector fields defined in two regions, where the switching manifold is a curve passing through the origin. In one of these regions, a smooth vector field acts with a saddle-node equilibrium at the origin, while in the other, the vector field is transversal to the switching manifold. It is well known that this piecewise smooth vector field has codimension two in the set of all piecewise smooth vector fields, and a singular perturbation in this scenario is new in the literature. Also, since the equilibrium considered is over the switching manifold, it will be called a boundary equilibrium. We regularized the piecewise smooth vector field using the method known as Sotomayor-Teixeira. After this step, we adopt a singular perturbation approach. In this process, we identify a non-normally hyperbolic equilibrium point. For a complete understanding of the dynamics around this point, we apply a sequence of transformations to it, known as “blow-ups”.
Concepções de matemática e a motivação para aprender de estudantes com alta e extrema ansiedade matemática durante a pandemia de covid
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-22)
Oliveira, Laôr Fernandes de
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Silva, Janaina Michele de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5479838101146249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8194005344500135
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1108-1152
O período pandêmico vivenciado pelo mundo entre 2020 e 2023 desencadeou ou agravou diversas dificuldades relacionadas ao contexto escolar. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar as concepções sobre a matemática e a motivação para aprender esse componente curricular no âmbito escolar, a partir de relatos de estudantes do 5º e 9º anos de Ensino Fundamental e do 3º ano do Ensino Médio que apresentaram alta e extrema Ansiedade Matemática (AM) em dois momentos. Notou-se que na visão dos alunos entrevistados a matemática é vista como um ensino essencial para a vida, entretanto, o ambiente, assim como os educadores e ferramentas de ensino-aprendizagem também o são. Assim, entende-se crucial para o desenvolvimento intelectual e acadêmico dos alunos, motivá-los, a fim de diminuir a ansiedade e com isso promover um ambiente de aprendizagem positivo, juntamente com os professores, via adaptação de métodos de ensino e estratégias de aprendizagem.
Alfabetização científica nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: um estudo à luz da aprendizagem dialógica e da matriz freiriana sobre percepções descritas por docentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-22)
Crnkovic, Paula Cristina Garcia Manoel
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Marigo, Adriana Fernandes Coimbra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4014738511373573
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-3478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0881157380832695
This study presents an analysis of three publications in which the authors are teacher-researchers who developed, applied and evaluated pedagogical practices in Science Teaching through investigation aiming at scientific literacy in the early years of Elementary School. We seek to identify in the reports present in these publications the teaching-learning process within a perspective that has dialogical learning and the freirian matrix as its theoretical foundations. The question that guided the study: "How do Science teachers in the Initial Years of Elementary School understand the acquisition of scientific literacy both from their pedagogical practices based on teaching through inquiry and from the transformations they observed in their students?" also outlined its objectives, the literature review to theoretically support the field of Science Education and the methodological procedure. Due to the characteristics of qualitative research, Bardin's content analysis technique was adopted to collect and analyze the data. To identify patterns in these contents, nine codes were assigned and subsequently distributed into two categories: 1. transformations that teachers observe in children and 2. Transformative pedagogical practices. Within the first category, dialogicity emerged as fundamental followed by argumentative skills; the acquisition of these capabilities was analyzed as part of the transformations observed in students that not only allow them to express and articulate their ideas, but also make them more active. As for the second category, the contextualization of scientific concepts was the one that stood out most among the reports, as teacher-researchers understand that it is a way of articulating students' knowledge in promoting scientific literacy. Problematizing pedagogical practices were also seen as transformative because they are operationalized through dialogue and encouragement of curiosity. Teachers understand that research-based teaching integrating interdisciplinarity and the STS/STSE approach are promoters of scientific literacy and, as they include issues such as dialogicity, contextualization, problematization, collectivity, we infer that they bring similarities with the theories of dialogical learning and the freirean matrix. The study reinforces the importance of practices based on intentions structured in pedagogical knowledge with a view to a liberating, critical, reflective education aiming to promote more effective and meaningful scientific literacy from the first school years.
Gênero e comunicação interna: o caso das gestoras em uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-22)
Góis, Mariana
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Carvalho, Angela Maria Carneiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3860073481051842
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-4518
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4548551471662578
This research aimed to identify the difficulties perceived by women in management positions at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) in internal communication processes, as well as to analyze the relationship between gender and these difficulties in both formal and informal communicative processes. The research utilized both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative approach focused primarily on the opinions of women in leadership positions regarding their perceptions of communication processes in their work environments. The quantitative approach considered data related to the occupation of leadership positions at UFSCar and the profiles of the research participants. The collected data were subjected to Content Analysis techniques. It was noted that the opinions varied among the research participants, indicating that their experiences and perspectives are relative, which may be associated with their individual habitus and the habitus of the organizational units in which they work. Although there are differences in participants' opinions, gender was identified as a factor that sometimes influences communication processes, leading the female managers to adopt strategies to minimize these interferences. Therefore, the analysis of gender issues in UFSCar's management reveals a complex intersection between communication, symbolic power, symbolic violence, and male domination. The information collected by the research highlights how gender stereotypes and power dynamics can shape the experiences of women in leadership positions at the university.
A química de fluxo contínuo e fotoquímica para a síntese de fármacos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-22)
Bernardes, Ana Claudia Bergler
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-2228
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2715110490334161
Drugs are essential for healthcare, and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are the substances that provide the desired therapeutic effects. The safe, efficient, and robust synthesis of APIs is crucial for the adequate supply of medicines and the developing of new drugs. In this context, synthetic methods to obtain APIs are necessary and require the use of new technologies, such as the combination of photochemistry with continuous flow. Photochemistry uses light to provide energy to molecules, generating transformations that lead to the creation of new compounds. Continuous flow offers greater mass and heat transfer, enhanced safety, reaction efficiency, reduced waste, scalability, and better reproducibility than traditional batch processes. Therefore, in this work, a literature review of the main fundamentals of photochemistry and continuous flow was conducted, followed by the applications of these combined tools for the synthesis of APIs.
Sequência espectral persistente de Leray e propriedades de separação para variedades generalizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-22)
Vellozo, Telmo Irineo Acosta
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Santos, Edivaldo Lopes dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2167472456497730
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5686014117835102
In this thesis we work on two different topics. On the one hand, we manage to construct a spectral sequence that calculates the persistent cohomology of a space from the persistent cohomology in each open and its interceptions of a covering that is the pre-image by a function of a covering of a known space. On the other hand, we achieved separation results by codimension-1 maps to generalized manifold. More specifically, we proved results that allow us to estimate the number of related components of the image complement of the map.
Uso de bactérias do ácido lático isoladas de soro-fermento de queijo Porungo na fabricação e no controle de Staphylococcus aureus em queijo Minas Padrão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
França, Fabiana
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Pimentel Filho, Natan de Jesus
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9157232954010211
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087827996196146
The increasing demand for healthier foods with fewer synthetic ingredients has driven the development of products containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which offer significant health benefits and impart unique characteristics to foods. LAB have gained prominence due to their numerous properties, particularly their antimicrobial potential. These bacteria play a crucial role in fermentation, extending product shelf life and producing important metabolites. Cheeses, especially artisanal varieties such as Porungo cheese, are rich in LAB. This study aimed to document various sources of LAB isolation and review the main methods for their identification, characterization, and application in the production of fermented foods. Additionally, it sought to evaluate the biotechnological potential of eight LAB strains isolated from Porungo cheese whey ferment, with the goal of optimizing and enhancing cheese production quality. The isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS analysis and tested for susceptibility to 12 antibiotics, as well as for diacetyl production. The antibacterial potential of the isolates was assessed against Lactococcus lactis ATCC 19435 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565 using neutralized cell-free supernatants (CFS). The effect of temperature on the growth kinetics of the isolates and the pH change in whole milk was evaluated over 48 hours. The isolates Enterococcus faecium QP60 and Streptococcus infantarius QP6 were evaluated as adjunct and starter cultures in the production of Minas Padrão cheese, as well as for their ability to control S. aureus growth in the food matrix. Two isolates were identified as S. infantarius, two as Streptococcus lutetiensis, three as L. lactis, and one as E. faecium. Most LAB strains demonstrated sensitivity to multiple antibiotics, with six producing diacetyl. Only the CFS obtained from E. faecium QP60 showed antibacterial activity against L. lactis, but not against S. aureus. The biotechnological potential of the isolates revealed that Streptococcus species rapidly adapted and exhibited high growth rates in whole milk incubated between 30 and 40°C, with S. infantarius QP6 standing out. However, treatments using various LAB combinations did not show significant effectiveness in controlling S. aureus growth over 60 days. Furthermore, the maturation process of Minas Padrão cheese and the different treatments applied resulted in significant changes in the product's physicochemical characteristics. The results suggest that E. faecium QP60 and S. infantarius QP6 warrant further investigation and may be considered potential adjunct and bioprotective cultures.
Análise das reflexões sobre a formação continuada para professores dos anos iniciais à luz da Lei 10.639/03 no período de 2015 a 2020
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
Felipe, Joice Helena Adriano Marcello
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Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5523-757X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8624615022155753
The research aims to analyze the reflections that emerged about the continuing education actions of a group of Early Years teachers regarding the Afro-Brazilian History and Culture Theme and its mandatory nature in the Official Curriculum of the Education Network of the State of São Paulo. In the period proposed by the research, the group of teachers ranged from five to six classroom directors, two specialists in Art and a hospital class teacher, who were in the middle to the end of their teaching career. Federal Law nº 10.639/03 amended Law No. 9394/96 (Education Guidelines and Bases Law) by including the mandatory subject of Afro Brazilian History and Culture in the official curriculum of the Education Network. The research considers the designation of the role of the Pedagogical Coordinator, which is occupied by an effective teacher or category F, as an agent of continuing education for the implementation of Law nº 10.639/03. The role of pedagogical coordination, among other functions, is to promote the reflective practice of teachers that occurs individually and collectively during the training process. In these trainings, we sought to present African Culture and people of African descent as participants in the formation of Brazilian society, valuing diversity through cultural identity. This is qualitative research that had as instruments the analysis of documents, the bibliographical survey and the semi-structured questionnaire answered by six of the teachers who passed through the school unit in the period from 2015 to 2020. The path taken by the organization of the empirical material presents three cycles. I define it this way because its etymology resembles the concept of Sankofa (Carmo, 2016), a traditional proverb among the Akan-speaking peoples of West Africa, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, and Togo that teaches the possibility of going back to the roots, to be able to move forward. The first cycle narrates the reasons that led to the development of the first action that is represented in the development of the project on Africanity’s. The second cycle is related to the second training action that involves the expansion of this first project in another School Unit covering students from the first to the fifth year of elementary school. The third and final cycle, considers the last training action that is due to the rotation of teachers in the School Unit and studies on the subject, there was a need for education from the teachers' perspective on ethnic-racial issues, since the process training aims to raise awareness of educational processes and practices within schools. The aim was to answer the following question: what reflections emerge about continuing education actions aimed at Early Years teachers considering Law nº 10.639/03? The research result indicates that the project was configured in three cycles which are interconnected, and the achievement of the result is related to the demands presented during the practice, thus producing educational material. The educational product "Educating the Look: Didactic unit for continuing education actions in light of Law 10.639/03", brings suggestions both for teacher training and for the development of educational projects through literature. A pedagogical tool that establishes reflections and dialogue about the anti-racist movement and its implementation considering Law nº 10.639/03.
Pessimismo e sabedoria de vida na filosofia de Arthur Schopenhauer: uma proposta didática para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
Moraes, Newton Carlos Forte
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Riscal, Sandra Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328618752218708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9147089718183338
The present dissertation aims to present a didactic proposal for High School that aims to contemplate Arthur Schopenhauer's philosophy, demonstrating its potential and its reach in the context of basic education. Initially, we will analyze and reconstruct his main theoretical assumptions, more precisely, with regard to his conception of the world as will and as representation; his philosophical pessimism as a judgment of value or disvalue of existence; the notions from the ethical-metaphysical point of view and the ways of denying the will; the feeling of compassion as the foundation of morality; the notions of human character and perfectibility and ethical considerations of a pragmatic nature taken as life wisdom that indicates ways to understand and endure the adverse events of life and the world. In a second moment, we will present an educational pedagogical product that consists of the proposal of a didactic sequence aimed at high school, which aims to contemplate the aforementioned philosophical elements described above in a teaching practice that attests to the pertinence and relevance of these elements in facing themes and events that emerge from contemporary problems. This product aims to promote the development of the ability to reflect, contextualize and problematize current themes in comparison with the issues highlighted and faced by the philosopher of Will in the context of his work. We will seek to follow the path of reflections followed by the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer in his philosophical system, replacing the primordial questions raised by him and reflecting on their causes and foundations, repositioning the problems to the context currently experienced in order to articulate communication between the acquired knowledge, and the context and experiences of students themselves.
Vidros de spin e redes neurais: diagramas de fase das máquinas de Boltzmann clássicas e semiclássicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
Carpio, Nicolás Armando Cabrera
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Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8099896961289529
Classical and quantum Boltzmann machines have become useful models for complex systems in statistical physics, but also learning algorithms on neural networks and optimization problems outside of statistical physics. These stochastic neural networks embodying the Boltzmann distribution, are capable of learning and representing probability distributions over input data that enables them to capture the related correlations and dependencies inherent in the systems they represent. In this project, through a theoretical analysis based on the Replica and Suzuki Trotter methods, we study and compare the phase diagrams of the classical (in both architectures) and quantum Boltzmann machine, highlighting the fundamental similarities and differences between them. The two methods mentioned above allow us to make the semi classical approximation in which the correlations between the neurons are ignored, both classical and quantum. The phase diagrams of these machines are studied in order to provide deep insights into its equilibrium behaviour, showing how transitions between different network states depend on variations of some control parameters like temperature, transverse field (just for the quantum case), interaction energy (Synapses) or external field strength (bias), we focus in the effects of the bias which is important in the context of neural networks. In the case of a classical Boltzmann machine, these transitions are described by changes in terms of the temperature that is directly related with the transition probabilities between microscopic states; while for a quantum Boltzmann Machine, it is necessary consider additionally effects from the transverse field that allows quantum tunneling, coherence and superposition.
Utilização de um sensor eletroquímico descartável para o diagnóstico rápido da COVID-19 por meio da detecção da proteína Spike do vírus SARS-CoV-2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
Nascimento, Evair Dias
;
Faria, Ronaldo Censi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1094-9597
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9857559420758198
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome of Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has fueled the search for diagnostic tests aimed at controlling and reducing viral transmission. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique is the main technique used for diagnosis. However, due to accessibility and cost limitations, it is necessary to develop new tests that are more accessible and can help in the early diagnosis of the disease. With this in mind, we developed an ultrasensitive magnetic assay using magnetic beads and gold nanoparticles conjugated with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) peptide (Gln24-Gln42) for the capture and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in samples of human saliva and urine. The technique applied involved the use of a disposable electrochemical device containing eight independent screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) that allow the simultaneous analysis of eight samples. The magnetic assay exhibited ultra-low detection limits for SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, 0.35 ag mL−1 in saliva samples and 0.13 ag mL−1 in urine samples. In terms of efficiency, the magnetic assay proposed for saliva samples, considering saliva samples from healthy individuals and those infected by SARS-CoV-2, presented an area under the curve (AUC) of 99.6%, sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 93.7% for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and great similarity with the RT-PCR technique. The proposed approach for urine samples, considering urine samples from non-hospitalized negative individuals (Neg-NH), hospitalized negative individuals (Neg-H) and hospitalized positive individuals (Pos-H), showed significant similarity with the RT- technique. PCR, with area under the curve (AUC) of 87.0%, area under the precision curve (AUC-PR) of 73%, Sensitivity of 95.8% and Specificity 73.1%, for the Spike protein SARS-CoV-2. The results obtained point to the potential application of this magnetic assay as a simple and low-cost solution for point-of-care diagnosis of COVID-19 based on saliva or urine.
Elites políticas, constituição e direitos sociais: elite política e a negação do direito social à educação constitucionalmente assegurado no estado de São Paulo de 1989 a 2022.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
Celestino, Sebastião
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Justo, Carolina Raquel Duarte de Mello
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9209489935777843
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5249-0721
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1722806458367250
This work investigates why, three decades after the promulgation of the Constitution of the state of São Paulo in 1989, the law organizing the state's education system determined by its article 238 was not published. As the Law does not present a satisfactory solution for the legislative omission, the This research seeks to demonstrate that political action is a determining factor in the realization of the constitutionally foreseen social right to education. As a main objective, the research aims to point out that the non-decision of the political elite constitutes a decision not to promote the organization of the population's education, by not complying with the constitutional command. Using the case study method in a qualitative approach, it investigates the profile of the political class over three decades, in order to identify the factors that determine the lack of interest in education that leads to legislative omission. To support the research, this work is built on two theoretical bases, namely, constitutionalism, to start from the premise that the fundamental political decision on the creation by law of the education system has already been taken by the derived constituent, and the Theory of the Elites, to demonstrate that the reality of politics denies the promise made formally. Education is not organized by the state, while leading minorities organize themselves to promote the private education of their members, preparing themselves to occupy leadership positions, under the mantle of the moral justification of being the most prepared for these roles. It is argued that this is not a deficiency in the political system, but rather the interests of the ruling elites in not promoting the education of the governed.