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Uso de bactérias do ácido lático isoladas de soro-fermento de queijo Porungo na fabricação e no controle de Staphylococcus aureus em queijo Minas Padrão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
França, Fabiana
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Pimentel Filho, Natan de Jesus
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9157232954010211
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087827996196146
The increasing demand for healthier foods with fewer synthetic ingredients has driven the development of products containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which offer significant health benefits and impart unique characteristics to foods. LAB have gained prominence due to their numerous properties, particularly their antimicrobial potential. These bacteria play a crucial role in fermentation, extending product shelf life and producing important metabolites. Cheeses, especially artisanal varieties such as Porungo cheese, are rich in LAB. This study aimed to document various sources of LAB isolation and review the main methods for their identification, characterization, and application in the production of fermented foods. Additionally, it sought to evaluate the biotechnological potential of eight LAB strains isolated from Porungo cheese whey ferment, with the goal of optimizing and enhancing cheese production quality. The isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS analysis and tested for susceptibility to 12 antibiotics, as well as for diacetyl production. The antibacterial potential of the isolates was assessed against Lactococcus lactis ATCC 19435 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565 using neutralized cell-free supernatants (CFS). The effect of temperature on the growth kinetics of the isolates and the pH change in whole milk was evaluated over 48 hours. The isolates Enterococcus faecium QP60 and Streptococcus infantarius QP6 were evaluated as adjunct and starter cultures in the production of Minas Padrão cheese, as well as for their ability to control S. aureus growth in the food matrix. Two isolates were identified as S. infantarius, two as Streptococcus lutetiensis, three as L. lactis, and one as E. faecium. Most LAB strains demonstrated sensitivity to multiple antibiotics, with six producing diacetyl. Only the CFS obtained from E. faecium QP60 showed antibacterial activity against L. lactis, but not against S. aureus. The biotechnological potential of the isolates revealed that Streptococcus species rapidly adapted and exhibited high growth rates in whole milk incubated between 30 and 40°C, with S. infantarius QP6 standing out. However, treatments using various LAB combinations did not show significant effectiveness in controlling S. aureus growth over 60 days. Furthermore, the maturation process of Minas Padrão cheese and the different treatments applied resulted in significant changes in the product's physicochemical characteristics. The results suggest that E. faecium QP60 and S. infantarius QP6 warrant further investigation and may be considered potential adjunct and bioprotective cultures.
Análise das reflexões sobre a formação continuada para professores dos anos iniciais à luz da Lei 10.639/03 no período de 2015 a 2020
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
Felipe, Joice Helena Adriano Marcello
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Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5523-757X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8624615022155753
The research aims to analyze the reflections that emerged about the continuing education actions of a group of Early Years teachers regarding the Afro-Brazilian History and Culture Theme and its mandatory nature in the Official Curriculum of the Education Network of the State of São Paulo. In the period proposed by the research, the group of teachers ranged from five to six classroom directors, two specialists in Art and a hospital class teacher, who were in the middle to the end of their teaching career. Federal Law nº 10.639/03 amended Law No. 9394/96 (Education Guidelines and Bases Law) by including the mandatory subject of Afro Brazilian History and Culture in the official curriculum of the Education Network. The research considers the designation of the role of the Pedagogical Coordinator, which is occupied by an effective teacher or category F, as an agent of continuing education for the implementation of Law nº 10.639/03. The role of pedagogical coordination, among other functions, is to promote the reflective practice of teachers that occurs individually and collectively during the training process. In these trainings, we sought to present African Culture and people of African descent as participants in the formation of Brazilian society, valuing diversity through cultural identity. This is qualitative research that had as instruments the analysis of documents, the bibliographical survey and the semi-structured questionnaire answered by six of the teachers who passed through the school unit in the period from 2015 to 2020. The path taken by the organization of the empirical material presents three cycles. I define it this way because its etymology resembles the concept of Sankofa (Carmo, 2016), a traditional proverb among the Akan-speaking peoples of West Africa, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, and Togo that teaches the possibility of going back to the roots, to be able to move forward. The first cycle narrates the reasons that led to the development of the first action that is represented in the development of the project on Africanity’s. The second cycle is related to the second training action that involves the expansion of this first project in another School Unit covering students from the first to the fifth year of elementary school. The third and final cycle, considers the last training action that is due to the rotation of teachers in the School Unit and studies on the subject, there was a need for education from the teachers' perspective on ethnic-racial issues, since the process training aims to raise awareness of educational processes and practices within schools. The aim was to answer the following question: what reflections emerge about continuing education actions aimed at Early Years teachers considering Law nº 10.639/03? The research result indicates that the project was configured in three cycles which are interconnected, and the achievement of the result is related to the demands presented during the practice, thus producing educational material. The educational product "Educating the Look: Didactic unit for continuing education actions in light of Law 10.639/03", brings suggestions both for teacher training and for the development of educational projects through literature. A pedagogical tool that establishes reflections and dialogue about the anti-racist movement and its implementation considering Law nº 10.639/03.
Pessimismo e sabedoria de vida na filosofia de Arthur Schopenhauer: uma proposta didática para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
Moraes, Newton Carlos Forte
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Riscal, Sandra Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328618752218708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9147089718183338
The present dissertation aims to present a didactic proposal for High School that aims to contemplate Arthur Schopenhauer's philosophy, demonstrating its potential and its reach in the context of basic education. Initially, we will analyze and reconstruct his main theoretical assumptions, more precisely, with regard to his conception of the world as will and as representation; his philosophical pessimism as a judgment of value or disvalue of existence; the notions from the ethical-metaphysical point of view and the ways of denying the will; the feeling of compassion as the foundation of morality; the notions of human character and perfectibility and ethical considerations of a pragmatic nature taken as life wisdom that indicates ways to understand and endure the adverse events of life and the world. In a second moment, we will present an educational pedagogical product that consists of the proposal of a didactic sequence aimed at high school, which aims to contemplate the aforementioned philosophical elements described above in a teaching practice that attests to the pertinence and relevance of these elements in facing themes and events that emerge from contemporary problems. This product aims to promote the development of the ability to reflect, contextualize and problematize current themes in comparison with the issues highlighted and faced by the philosopher of Will in the context of his work. We will seek to follow the path of reflections followed by the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer in his philosophical system, replacing the primordial questions raised by him and reflecting on their causes and foundations, repositioning the problems to the context currently experienced in order to articulate communication between the acquired knowledge, and the context and experiences of students themselves.
Vidros de spin e redes neurais: diagramas de fase das máquinas de Boltzmann clássicas e semiclássicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
Carpio, Nicolás Armando Cabrera
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Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8099896961289529
Classical and quantum Boltzmann machines have become useful models for complex systems in statistical physics, but also learning algorithms on neural networks and optimization problems outside of statistical physics. These stochastic neural networks embodying the Boltzmann distribution, are capable of learning and representing probability distributions over input data that enables them to capture the related correlations and dependencies inherent in the systems they represent. In this project, through a theoretical analysis based on the Replica and Suzuki Trotter methods, we study and compare the phase diagrams of the classical (in both architectures) and quantum Boltzmann machine, highlighting the fundamental similarities and differences between them. The two methods mentioned above allow us to make the semi classical approximation in which the correlations between the neurons are ignored, both classical and quantum. The phase diagrams of these machines are studied in order to provide deep insights into its equilibrium behaviour, showing how transitions between different network states depend on variations of some control parameters like temperature, transverse field (just for the quantum case), interaction energy (Synapses) or external field strength (bias), we focus in the effects of the bias which is important in the context of neural networks. In the case of a classical Boltzmann machine, these transitions are described by changes in terms of the temperature that is directly related with the transition probabilities between microscopic states; while for a quantum Boltzmann Machine, it is necessary consider additionally effects from the transverse field that allows quantum tunneling, coherence and superposition.
Utilização de um sensor eletroquímico descartável para o diagnóstico rápido da COVID-19 por meio da detecção da proteína Spike do vírus SARS-CoV-2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
Nascimento, Evair Dias
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Faria, Ronaldo Censi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1094-9597
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9857559420758198
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome of Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has fueled the search for diagnostic tests aimed at controlling and reducing viral transmission. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique is the main technique used for diagnosis. However, due to accessibility and cost limitations, it is necessary to develop new tests that are more accessible and can help in the early diagnosis of the disease. With this in mind, we developed an ultrasensitive magnetic assay using magnetic beads and gold nanoparticles conjugated with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) peptide (Gln24-Gln42) for the capture and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in samples of human saliva and urine. The technique applied involved the use of a disposable electrochemical device containing eight independent screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) that allow the simultaneous analysis of eight samples. The magnetic assay exhibited ultra-low detection limits for SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, 0.35 ag mL−1 in saliva samples and 0.13 ag mL−1 in urine samples. In terms of efficiency, the magnetic assay proposed for saliva samples, considering saliva samples from healthy individuals and those infected by SARS-CoV-2, presented an area under the curve (AUC) of 99.6%, sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 93.7% for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and great similarity with the RT-PCR technique. The proposed approach for urine samples, considering urine samples from non-hospitalized negative individuals (Neg-NH), hospitalized negative individuals (Neg-H) and hospitalized positive individuals (Pos-H), showed significant similarity with the RT- technique. PCR, with area under the curve (AUC) of 87.0%, area under the precision curve (AUC-PR) of 73%, Sensitivity of 95.8% and Specificity 73.1%, for the Spike protein SARS-CoV-2. The results obtained point to the potential application of this magnetic assay as a simple and low-cost solution for point-of-care diagnosis of COVID-19 based on saliva or urine.
Elites políticas, constituição e direitos sociais: elite política e a negação do direito social à educação constitucionalmente assegurado no estado de São Paulo de 1989 a 2022.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
Celestino, Sebastião
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Justo, Carolina Raquel Duarte de Mello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9209489935777843
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5249-0721
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1722806458367250
This work investigates why, three decades after the promulgation of the Constitution of the state of São Paulo in 1989, the law organizing the state's education system determined by its article 238 was not published. As the Law does not present a satisfactory solution for the legislative omission, the This research seeks to demonstrate that political action is a determining factor in the realization of the constitutionally foreseen social right to education. As a main objective, the research aims to point out that the non-decision of the political elite constitutes a decision not to promote the organization of the population's education, by not complying with the constitutional command. Using the case study method in a qualitative approach, it investigates the profile of the political class over three decades, in order to identify the factors that determine the lack of interest in education that leads to legislative omission. To support the research, this work is built on two theoretical bases, namely, constitutionalism, to start from the premise that the fundamental political decision on the creation by law of the education system has already been taken by the derived constituent, and the Theory of the Elites, to demonstrate that the reality of politics denies the promise made formally. Education is not organized by the state, while leading minorities organize themselves to promote the private education of their members, preparing themselves to occupy leadership positions, under the mantle of the moral justification of being the most prepared for these roles. It is argued that this is not a deficiency in the political system, but rather the interests of the ruling elites in not promoting the education of the governed.
Manual de história da 5ª classe do ensino primário em Angola: uma análise à luz dos conceitos de negritude e decolonialidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
Monteiro, Cristiano José dos Santos
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Lima, Emília Freitas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5515637339275988
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5079239464494987
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-0646
This study analyzes the curricular content of the History Manual for the 5th grade of Primary Education in Angola, based on the concepts of blackness and decoloniality. It was guided by the following research questions: Is it possible to identify evidence of the ideals advocated by the Blackness Movement in the History Manual for the 5th grade of Primary Education in Angola? If so, what do such evidence reveal? What are the relationships between the content of the Manual and the concept of decoloniality? Its general objective was to: Analyze the curricular text interpreted by the History Manual for the 5th grade of Primary Education in Angola, in light of the concepts of blackness and decoloniality, in the context of the political emancipation of that country. And as specific objectives: To identify the social aspects present in the History Manual for the 5th grade of Primary Education in Angola; to identify the cultural aspects present in the History Manual for the 5th grade of Primary Education in Angola; to identify the political aspects present in the History Manual for the 5th grade of Primary Education in Angola; to analyze these results in light of the ideals of the Blackness Movement and the concept of decoloniality. Regarding the methodological aspects, this was a qualitative documentary research. The data were processed through a “thematic” content analysis. The results were presented according to thematic axes, namely: the social aspects showed the condition of Angolan society under colonial rule, marked by inequalities, highlighting the Portuguese administration’s neglect in guaranteeing access to public services for Angolans. The cultural aspects showed data on: the ethnic diversity of Angola, made up of peoples and kingdoms; the way they were socially organized, revealing what Angola was like before colonization; the characterization of the collections, monuments and cultural practices and values, peculiar elements of Angolan culture that keep alive the achievements of Angolan heroes and heroines. The political aspects explored the process of social construction through the struggle and efforts of different resistance groups and personalities among the peoples and kingdoms of Angola, culminating in the actions of the liberation movements, which created a collective consciousness of unity. We found that the Manual values Angolan identity by emphasizing the struggle for liberation from colonial rule. Given these data, there is strong evidence that the curricular content of the 5th grade History Manual is focused on emancipation and the rescue and preservation of Angolan identity, from the perspective of a historicity that defends the motto of Angola for Angolans. There is also evidence that the curricular content corresponds to the intentions of the Angolan government to improve the educational system by implementing educational reform. There is strong evidence that our initial hypothesis is confirmed, that the ideals of blackness would be contemplated in the Manual. We were able to confirm this by analyzing the results in light of the concepts of blackness and decoloniality. The research also revealed an affinity between its results and the concept of decoloniality, since it breaks with the colonizing logic of analyzing a specific African reality from the perspective of sources from the Global North.
Por onde estamos caminhando no cuidado em terapia ocupacional em telessaúde? Um estudo qualitativo com terapeutas ocupacionais do Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinâmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
Lopes, Kezia
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Marcolino, Taís Quevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7197838515800679
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-5118
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1720425423584816
Telehealth was been promoted as a form of occupational therapy care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given this new scenario, it would be interesting to understand how these services are being conducted and how theoretical-methodological frameworks are being employed. The Dynamic Occupational Therapy Method (MTOD) is a theoretical-methodological framework that has been developed in Brazil since the 1970s and is aimed at clinical practice. Objective: To understand how the Dynamic Occupational Therapy Method is being used in the telehealth modality. Methodology: Qualitative exploratory research. The participants consisted of 13 occupational therapists trained in the MTOD methodology who provide services via telehealth. Data were collected through participant characterization forms and semi-structured individual interviews. Data analysis was conducted using the thematic analysis method. Results: Telehealth expanded the reach and possibility of a new modality, facilitating access to occupational therapy services. The MTOD provided theoretical-methodological support for the occupational therapists. The difficulty regarding the virtual skills of the occupational therapist impacted the activities. Discussion: There is a need to expand our knowledge of technologies, identify the target subjects to be served, and determine which regulations to follow. Final Considerations: The MTOD has proven to be a theoretical-methodological framework for occupational therapy that can be used in the telehealth modality due to its dynamic and flexible nature, favoring access to target subjects from various locations and expanding the possibilities of activities with technological resources.
Filmes e ensino de física: concepções de futuros professores sobre a utilização de seriados de ficção científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23)
Sorensen, Rafael do Nascimento
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Silva, Monikeli Wippel da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9382775316333619
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0951-2286
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Gebara, Maria José Fontana
Physics education has often been criticized for its expository, fragmented approach that is disconnected from other areas of knowledge. Considering this, the present dissertation investigates the pedagogical potential of using science fiction (SF) series in teaching Physics. Given the challenges the subject faces in engaging students, this study aims to explore how undergraduates from a federal higher education institution, future Physics teachers, perceive the use of SF series as a teaching strategy for the subject. The general objective was to investigate the proposals for using SF series in Physics classes by these future teachers. Eight undergraduate students from a federal public university in the interior of São Paulo state participated in this qualitative, exploratory research. Data were collected through questionnaires and lesson plans developed by the participants. The results reveal that most participants recognize the potential of SF as a teaching aid, especially in promoting cognition and developing critical and creative skills. However, they highlight the need for pedagogical mediation, with the teacher taking an active role in contextualizing and explaining the scientific concepts present in the narratives. The research points to significant potential in integrating SF series into Physics classes, provided that this strategy is accompanied by proper planning. It is concluded that the investigated approach has the potential to make Physics education more dynamic and engaging, as well as to stimulate students' critical thinking. However, the study's limitations, such as the small number of participants, indicate the need for further research to validate the results in different educational contexts.
A variação linguística em dois livros didáticos de língua inglesa e uma proposta de sequência didática sobre o tema
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-26)
Caixeta, Paulo César Araújo
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Biazolli, Caroline Carnielli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7908630593356660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2210213054550226
The present dissertation aims to: (a) analyze how linguistic variation is addressed in two English language textbooks widely adopted by a large number of technical schools in the state of São Paulo; (b) establish qualitative comparisons between the works based on an investigative framework; and (c) propose a didactic sequence on the subject, with the expectation that this topic may be further explored and, thereby, receive due attention from both English teachers and high school students. Drawing from the teacher-researcher's extensive experience of approximately twenty years teaching English to high school students, the premise is that linguistic variation is a topic that is often underexplored in educational materials and frequently relegated to peripheral discussions in the classroom. To achieve these objectives, the theoretical foundation is based on the pedagogy of linguistic variation (Bagno, 2007, 2017, 2020; Bortoni-Ricardo, 2005, 2009; Faraco, 2007, 2020, 2022), in the use of the didactic sequence model proposed by Dolz, Noverraz, and Schneuwly (2004) and in the research by Cristovão (2009) and Cristovão et al. (2010). Bloom's Taxonomy (Bloom et al., 1956) is also considered in the development of the sequence. Regarding methodology, this study is a qualitative research termed document analysis (Lüdke & André, 2020), based on the framework proposed by Bagno (2007a) for the analysis of linguistic variation in Portuguese textbooks, with some adaptations for English language teaching. Although the textbooks analyzed are valuable pedagogical resources, neither addresses linguistic variation in depth, failing to fully meet important requirements - proposed by Bagno (2007a) - as shown by the results of the adapted framework applied in this study. As a technical-technological product, a didactic sequence is presented, aiming to implement new practices for the study of this theme in the future. It is hoped, therefore, to contribute to the expansion and deepening of the study of linguistic variation in English language textbooks for high school students, as well as to promote greater reflection among English teachers on a topic that is so relevant, yet often relegated to brief and superficial discussions and simplified analyses in English language textbooks.
“Não existe feminista cristã”: um olhar sobre a perpetuação do discurso patriarcal pelo pastorado feminino pentecostal em ambiente virtual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-26)
Antonio, Isabela Machado
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Souza, André Ricardo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7016915324466152
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5224-3117
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5993069681146502
This study aimed to analyze the sermons delivered by female pastors in virtual environments, with a particular focus on the YouTube platform, in order to understand the complex relationship between religion and gender. The research explored female pastorship as a phenomenon that can both challenge and reinforce the existing patriarchal structure, often reproducing sexist narratives in their preaching. A qualitative approach and digital ethnography were employed to achieve a sociological understanding of the phenomenon. The findings revealed that, despite the increasing number of female pastors, their sermons frequently perpetuate gender stereotypes and reinforce patriarchal structures. The examination of the intersection between religion and feminism highlights the need for critical reflection on women's roles in religious contexts and their broader societal impact. This study contributes to the field of the sociology of religion by addressing these complex issues, suggesting the potential for significant progress toward a more inclusive and equitable society.
Reciclagem de polímeros para contato com alimento e o uso de sistemas de leito fluidizado na etapa de descontaminação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-26)
Bonatti, Sophia Helena Felisbino
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Paiva, Robert
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8013257464586377
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Cruz, Sandra Andrea
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9632409046763256
Polymer recycling represents an important approach to the maintenance of environmental, energetic and economic health of the planet, with the key parts of sustainable solutions development being the valorization of recycled resins and the feasibility of their use in rigorous applications. Nowadays, many recycling processes are well-established, including the ones that aim for demanding applications such as food contact materials, with special focus on PET-PCR resins (i.e., post-consumer recycled PET). However, post-consume resins from other natures are also widely available, such as PP, PE and PS, and they must be directed to recycling to stimulate circularity and sustainability, as well as they should not be detached from food contact materials application. Hence, the challenges associated with the decontamination and the mechanical recycling of these resins must be approached more deeply and more suitable process must be developed, aiming to obtain PCR (post-consumer recycled) resins whose properties are equivalent to those of virgin resins and that are sufficiently decontaminated to not offer risks during their use. Fluidized bed systems, which are already well-established in the industry, offer interesting advantages and can assist in the chemical decontamination step, mainly for favoring diffusion processes.
Contribuições dos acordos de parceria e contratos de prestação de serviços do IFSP para a inovação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-26)
Lima, Douglas Arcanjo de
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Rigolin, Camila Carneiro Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2388584081961836
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9400-2837
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2538846551625710
The research investigates how the actions of the Federal Institute of São Paulo (IFSP) in innovation, carried out through partnership agreements and service provision contracts, contribute to socioeconomic and technological development, in alignment with the principles and challenges of the 2030 Agenda. The objective is to identify the elements present in the instruments signed by the IFSP innovation agency between 2018 and 2022, evaluating their role in strengthening the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation. Based on the Triple Helix theory, the research adopts a mixed methodological approach: the quantitative analysis was based on documentary data extracted from official publications, while the qualitative analysis involved interviews with four research coordinators and a representative of the innovation agency. The results indicated that most of the agreements and contracts were concentrated in the areas of Engineering and Information and Communication Technology, reflecting the institutional vocation and market demands. A predominance at the local and regional levels was observed, with most of the initiatives concentrated within the same intermediate region. Regarding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the instruments analyzed showed greater adherence to the economic pillar, with gaps in the social and environmental pillars. As a practical contribution, the study develops a checklist to assess the alignment of initiatives with the SDGs, offering an objective and subjective analysis tool. It is concluded that the IFSP plays a relevant role in promoting innovation, but faces challenges in diversifying areas of activity, in gender equity and in expanding initiatives aimed at the social and environmental pillars of the 2030 Agenda
A prática dos professores de música das escolas municipais de São Carlos/SP: uma análise sobre a utilização de uma proposta curricular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-26)
Abramovic, Bruno
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Galizia, Fernando Stanzione
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4007795540173093
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9597-0733
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5778820935942713
This study, based on a qualitative paradigm, is an exploratory investigation that aims to examine how the curricular proposal by Machado et al. (2022) has been utilized by music teachers in the early years of elementary education in the municipal schools of São Carlos/SP. Specifically, the research seeks to analyze the knowledge objects and musical language skills that teachers consider important to develop, as well as those they are able to develop, and to identify the methodological principles of music education that teachers regard as relevant in their pedagogical practice. This research employs semi-structured interviews as the data collection instrument and content analysis as the tool for categorizing and analyzing the data, following the conceptual framework proposed by Gomes (1994) and Sacristán (2013, 2017), with a theoretical reference within the framework of curriculum as a process and praxis, specifically focusing on the points referred to as “curriculum interpreted by teachers and materials” and “Curriculum Modeled by Teachers.” Seven interviews were conducted with seven permanent teachers in the municipal education system of São Carlos/SP. The interviews were transcribed, and sensitive data that could identify the research participants were omitted; each interviewed subject was assigned a female pseudonym, regardless of their gender or gender identity. All participants in this research are part of the group of educators responsible for teaching music in the municipal schools of São Carlos/SP. The research results revealed different attitudes towards the use of Machado et al.'s (2022) curricular proposal, showing varying degrees of depth across different teaching-learning contexts. Among the seven teachers, four use the curricular proposal sporadically, one employs it systematically in their planning, and two do not use it regularly. It was also found that, to some extent, all the teachers, whether consciously or unconsciously, address aspects of the curricular proposal with an emphasis on knowledge objects and skills related to the Elements of Music Language and show varying concentrations in other areas of Machado et al.'s (2022) curricular proposal. Additionally, the teachers’ statements revealed methodological principles of a political nature, viewing music as a tool for occupying various school spaces, and recognizing access to music education as a student right. Furthermore, the research identified a significant degree of curricular modeling in the teachers' practice and a minimal presence of regulatory power exerted by the curriculum.
Efeitos do ensino de movimentos orofaciais sobre a acurácia do ecoico em crianças com TEA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-26)
Corrêa, Karina Faraco
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8531096025857966
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcantara
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a science dedicated to the assessment and modification of behaviors based on the principles of operant conditioning. Behaviors are understood as the results of the interaction between the individual and the physical and social environment in which they are embedded. The echoic is a type of verbal operant that involves emitting a vocal response identical to a previous auditory stimulus, establishing an identity relation between the antecedent and the response. The effectiveness of the echoic depends on the accuracy of the response, with accuracy defined as the extent to which the results approximate the true value or established standard. In Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the lack of functional verbal behavior is common, and these deficits can be addressed through behavioral interventions such as Discrete Trial Training (DTT). This approach involves structuring the environment with simple instructions and focusing on the essential characteristics needed for successful task execution. Imitation, a fundamental operant for language and communication learning, is considered a prerequisite for the development of the echoic, but it is not sufficient by itself to guarantee the learning of the echoic. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that children with ASD demonstrate imitation skills and that their oral movements are appropriate and well-executed to facilitate speech learning. It is important that the development and coordination of the orofacial structures are intact, including articulatory, laryngeal, and respiratory movements, for effective speech production. In this regard, the adequacy of the stomatognathic structures involved in speech significantly contributes to the improvement of this skill. To provide the community with a tested teaching method, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of teaching orofacial movements on the accuracy of the echoic in children with ASD. The study involved four children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, levels 1 and 2, aged 2, 3, and 5 years, from both genders. The baseline of the Generalized Echoic Test was applied, which was used as a comparison base for tracking progress during subsequent teaching sessions. The errors identified in the mentioned protocol were taught one by one, demonstrating the model for executing the oral movement from the articulatory point, using only visual cues without the auditory component. In the initial test applications, the participants did not show good results regarding speech accuracy. However, after teaching orofacial movements related to the articulatory points of the identified errors, there was an improvement in the behavior, aiding in the precise execution of speech. Given the data found and presented in this work, it can be concluded that teaching orofacial movements helped the research participants achieve 100% speech accuracy in the requested echoic tasks.
A Base Nacional Comum Curricular, educação infantil e educação especial: uma perspectiva sobre a diferença das crianças.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-26)
Silva, Déborah Maciel Vieira Cruz
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Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3897627554738983
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3673-0681
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0931662812572642
In 2017 the consolidation of the National Common Curricular Base (NCCB) as a standard established guidelines for minimum content, in order to ensure that Basic Education, consisting of Early Childhood Education, Elementary Education and High School, directed in a unified manner to meet the national curricular objectives. In this scenario, curricular planning must be adapted according to the cultural, regional, institutional, group and individual characteristics of each location. Considering the Early Childhood Education stage (NCCB-ECE), we sought to analyze whether the description of the learning objectives favors the flexibility of the curriculum to serve students from the Special Education population. Do the behavioral representations defined by the learning and development objectives contemplate different student profiles and the multiple possibilities of performance? How can we contemplate the specific educational needs of some students? The main objective of this study was to develop a flexible use proposal for BNCC-EI to ensure curriculum access, participation, and learning for children within Special Education in regular schools. However, what should be done when universal proposals and naturalistic experiences are insufficient to meet the specific learning needs of some students? The specific objectives of this study were: to analyze how BNCC-EI addresses the specificities of Special Education students; to illustrate how to apply the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in the learning objectives of BNCC-EI as a means to respond to student diversity; and to propose an operational definition of BNCC-EI learning objectives in relation to the corresponding fields of experience when the systematization of teaching is necessary to accommodate children not adequately served by the universalist approach of UDL. This was a bibliographic and documentary study, and the results include analyses related to curriculum flexibility possibilities; an illustration of applying UDL principles through three lesson plans based on BNCC-EI learning and development objectives; a constitutive analysis of the fields of experience; and proposals for operationalizing objectives when necessary. This study seeks to contribute to Early Childhood Education by offering educators pathways to respond to young children with specific learning needs in inclusive daycare centers and preschools.
A docência compartilhada: um olhar para a ação de professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental e sua relação com o trabalho coletivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-26)
Mazer, Inês Maria Silva Barros
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Tedeschi, Wania
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5743322664981581
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7188-3574
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7667044099178453
The present work was inspired by the Historical-Cultural theory and its general objective is to understand how the development of Shared Teaching occurs in the "Todos Juntos" Project and its relationship with Collective Work. To this end, the main question of this research is: "how can the development of pedagogical actions in Shared Teaching be related to Collective Work?". As specific objectives, we seek to identify the constituent characteristics of Shared Teaching and compare them with the elements of Collective Work. The object of study, therefore, is collective work in shared teaching. According to Hochnadel and Conte (2019), Shared Teaching consists of a shared action between two teachers in the classroom. Collective Work, for Makarenko (1977), occurs through the development of coordinated and organized actions with responsibility for the common benefit. In this sense, the collective is understood as a living organism of a society. In addition to these concepts, "dialogue" in this research is understood as in the Freirean perspective, as the force that drives critical and problematizing thinking, together with what Bohm (2005) establishes about the purpose of dialogue in going through the thought process to change the way it happens collectively. In relation to the instrument for constructing information, the Focus Group technique was used as a vehicle that provided opportunities for discussions relevant to the subjects studied here. This technique, in qualitative research, allowed group analysis, considering the group of participants, making it possible to obtain information on the proposed topic. The results of this research show that there are movements in the development of pedagogical actions in Shared Teaching that can lead to collective teaching work, although we conclude that we were unable to determine full support of the collective work in the "Todos Juntos" project, due to its duration. duration and other limitations such as the subjects, their activities and material conditions. Thus, after completing this research, we considered the construction of an educational product that would bring the relationships established between the characteristics of Shared Teaching and the elements of Collective Work with the aim of explaining a path for the construction of collective teaching work. This product is intended for everyone interested in the topic, especially teachers and other professionals who consider humanization as the key to their actions and propose to join efforts to build the collective as the strength, union and transformation necessary for education.
Interfacial engineering of van der Waals heterostructures: impacts on the excitonic and valley properties
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-27)
Brito, Caique Serati de
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Barcelos, Ingrid David
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8297155290206349
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5778-7161
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Gobato, Yara Galvão
The study of two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted significant attention due to their unique physical properties and potential applications in optoelectronics, spintronics, and quantum technologies. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a crucial class of these materials, offering exceptional electronic and optical properties, such as strong excitonic effects and valley selectivity. Additionally, the emergence of layered magnetic materials, such as CrSBr, has opened up new opportunities for exploring magnetic effects in 2D heterostructures. Combining various 2D materials through interfacial engineering enables the realization of unique properties, including superconductivity, Mott insulators, moiré effects, exciton hybridization, and single-photon emitters (SPE), providing unprecedented control over physical properties. This thesis investigates the optical properties of semiconductor TMD monolayers in van der Waals heterostructures (vdW-HS), focusing on their excitonic and valley properties. Through systematic studies of photoluminescence (PL) and magneto-PL, the research explores the impact of local and smooth strain, charge transfer, moiré patterns, and magnetic proximity effects on these properties. Our findings demonstrate the generation of SPEs in WSe2 monolayers transferred to polished borogermanate glass doped with Tb3+. The nanoroughness of the glass surface, resulting from polishing, imposes a local strain on the TMD, directly influencing SPE formation. Moreover, the substrate morphology, modified by Tb3+ doping, plays a crucial role in the hybridization between defect-localized and dark excitonic states, as evidenced by magneto-PL measurements in Voigt geometry. The impact of moiré patterns in MoSe2/WS2 heterostructures with stacking angles of 0º and 60º was studied using circularly polarized magneto-PL measurements. The obtained g-factors were very similar for both high-symmetry angles, indicating weak hybridization of the conduction bands. Additionally, PL peaks at lower energies exhibited reduced g-factors, suggesting exciton confinement due to the moiré potential. These results are consistent with the developed theoretical model, which predicts weak hybridization due to type I band alignment. The combination of MoSe2 monolayers with CrSBr, an antiferromagnetic material with in-plane magnetic ordering, revealed that the PL peaks of MoSe2 acquire linear polarization orthogonal to the anisotropic emission of CrSBr, with an enhanced effect in the ferromagnetic phase. Circularly polarized PL measurements were conducted with magnetic fields ranging from -9 to 9 T along the three principal crystal axes of CrSBr. The study revealed that the intensity variations of the MoSe2 exciton and trion peaks closely follow the behavior of CrSBr, reflecting the transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic ordering. These variations were attributed to charge transfer effects and type III band alignment. The valley Zeeman effect was also observed, with distinct g-factors for positive and negative magnetic fields, indicating asymmetric coupling for the K and K’ valleys of MoSe2 to the magnetic ordering of CrSBr. These findings highlight the complex interaction between TMD monolayers, layered magnetic materials, and their interfaces, demonstrating how interfacial engineering can be employed to modulate physical properties in 2D systems. This research contributes to the understanding of condensed matter physics and suggests pathways for integrating 2D materials into advanced quantum information and spintronic technologies.
Combinar o corte de trepadeiras com o plantio de mudas de árvores é a melhor estratégia para restaurar as bordas de florestas estacionais semideciduais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-27)
Santos, Guilherme Aparecido Melo
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Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840
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Martini, Valéria Forni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0686674300788674
Due to the negative impacts of overabundant climbers on the structure of tropical forests, it is necessary to restore and manage degraded fragments. Climbers become extremely abundant in degraded tropical forest fragments, creating a significant demand for ecological restoration. In these cases, the main restoration strategy has been climbing plants cutting, but it is still necessary to understand the outcomes of cutting in combination with the planting of native tree seedlings (cutting + planting), especially at the edges of fragments, which are subject to greater disturbances than the forest interior. We tested whether cutting + planting is the best strategy to restore a degraded edge of a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest fragment in southeastern Brazil. To do this, we used mixed linear models to evaluate the effect of cutting + planting, cutting, and no management (control) on the density and basal area of climbers, the density and basal area of trees, the percentage of dead trees, and the density, species richness, and diversity of seedlings 8 years after the start of the experiment. Cutting + planting resulted in the greatest decrease in climbing plants density and basal area, and the greatest increase in tree density and seedling diversity. Although cutting + planting reduced the percentage of dead trees and increased seedling richness, these variables were more affected by cutting alone. Management had no effect on the basal area of trees and the density of seedlings. This study provides evidence that cutting climbers combined with planting native tree seedlings is the best strategy to restore degraded edges of tropical seasonal forests, as it reverses the trajectory of increasing dead trees and decreasing tree density and diversity resulting from the excessive abundance of climbers.
Desenvolvimento e construção de plataformas analíticas portáteis para detecção de RNA viral visando o diagnóstico de doenças infecciosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-27)
Santos, Daniel Júnior Almeida dos
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Faria, Ronaldo Censi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1094-9597
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8161817151331695
Viral respiratory infections represent a major threat to the health of the population around the world. In many cases, COVID-19 presents symptoms that can be confused with Influenza, a disease caused by the Influenza A virus. A simple, rapid, and selective assay, capable of identifying the etiological agent and differentiating the diseases, is essential to provide the correct management clinician to the patient. Here, we describe the development of a genomic assay for the selective capture of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus RNA in saliva samples using two portable analysis systems, consisting of a platform for electrochemical detection (PDE) and a platform with digital image detection (PID). The proposed methods showed excellent performance in the detection and quantification of viral RNA, with PDE presenting a limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantification (LoQ) of 5.0 fmol L-1 and 8.6 fmol L-1 for SARS-CoV-2 and 1.0 fmol L-1 and 108.9 fmol L-1 for Influenza, respectively. PID was applied to detect the Influenza A virus and presented LoD and LoQ for 0.093 pmol L-1 and 0.310 pmol L-1, respectively. Genomagnetic assays were used to evaluate the presence of viruses in 36 saliva samples from volunteers and the results were in agreement with those obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), demonstrating the viability of the proposed methods for diagnosis. of COVID-19 and Influenza with point-of-care capability.