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Análise das reflexões sobre a formação continuada para professores dos anos iniciais à luz da Lei 10.639/03 no período de 2015 a 2020
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23) Felipe, Joice Helena Adriano Marcello; Sousa, Maria do Carmo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5523-757X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8624615022155753; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9227-5262
The research aims to analyze the reflections that emerged about the continuing education actions of a group of Early Years teachers regarding the Afro-Brazilian History and Culture Theme and its mandatory nature in the Official Curriculum of the Education Network of the State of São Paulo. In the period proposed by the research, the group of teachers ranged from five to six classroom directors, two specialists in Art and a hospital class teacher, who were in the middle to the end of their teaching career. Federal Law nº 10.639/03 amended Law No. 9394/96 (Education Guidelines and Bases Law) by including the mandatory subject of Afro Brazilian History and Culture in the official curriculum of the Education Network. The research considers the designation of the role of the Pedagogical Coordinator, which is occupied by an effective teacher or category F, as an agent of continuing education for the implementation of Law nº 10.639/03. The role of pedagogical coordination, among other functions, is to promote the reflective practice of teachers that occurs individually and collectively during the training process. In these trainings, we sought to present African Culture and people of African descent as participants in the formation of Brazilian society, valuing diversity through cultural identity. This is qualitative research that had as instruments the analysis of documents, the bibliographical survey and the semi-structured questionnaire answered by six of the teachers who passed through the school unit in the period from 2015 to 2020. The path taken by the organization of the empirical material presents three cycles. I define it this way because its etymology resembles the concept of Sankofa (Carmo, 2016), a traditional proverb among the Akan-speaking peoples of West Africa, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, and Togo that teaches the possibility of going back to the roots, to be able to move forward. The first cycle narrates the reasons that led to the development of the first action that is represented in the development of the project on Africanity’s. The second cycle is related to the second training action that involves the expansion of this first project in another School Unit covering students from the first to the fifth year of elementary school. The third and final cycle, considers the last training action that is due to the rotation of teachers in the School Unit and studies on the subject, there was a need for education from the teachers' perspective on ethnic-racial issues, since the process training aims to raise awareness of educational processes and practices within schools. The aim was to answer the following question: what reflections emerge about continuing education actions aimed at Early Years teachers considering Law nº 10.639/03? The research result indicates that the project was configured in three cycles which are interconnected, and the achievement of the result is related to the demands presented during the practice, thus producing educational material. The educational product "Educating the Look: Didactic unit for continuing education actions in light of Law 10.639/03", brings suggestions both for teacher training and for the development of educational projects through literature. A pedagogical tool that establishes reflections and dialogue about the anti-racist movement and its implementation considering Law nº 10.639/03.
Pessimismo e sabedoria de vida na filosofia de Arthur Schopenhauer: uma proposta didática para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23) Moraes, Newton Carlos Forte; Riscal, Sandra Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328618752218708; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9147089718183338
The present dissertation aims to present a didactic proposal for High School that aims to contemplate Arthur Schopenhauer's philosophy, demonstrating its potential and its reach in the context of basic education. Initially, we will analyze and reconstruct his main theoretical assumptions, more precisely, with regard to his conception of the world as will and as representation; his philosophical pessimism as a judgment of value or disvalue of existence; the notions from the ethical-metaphysical point of view and the ways of denying the will; the feeling of compassion as the foundation of morality; the notions of human character and perfectibility and ethical considerations of a pragmatic nature taken as life wisdom that indicates ways to understand and endure the adverse events of life and the world. In a second moment, we will present an educational pedagogical product that consists of the proposal of a didactic sequence aimed at high school, which aims to contemplate the aforementioned philosophical elements described above in a teaching practice that attests to the pertinence and relevance of these elements in facing themes and events that emerge from contemporary problems. This product aims to promote the development of the ability to reflect, contextualize and problematize current themes in comparison with the issues highlighted and faced by the philosopher of Will in the context of his work. We will seek to follow the path of reflections followed by the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer in his philosophical system, replacing the primordial questions raised by him and reflecting on their causes and foundations, repositioning the problems to the context currently experienced in order to articulate communication between the acquired knowledge, and the context and experiences of students themselves.
Uso de bactérias do ácido lático isoladas de soro-fermento de queijo Porungo na fabricação e no controle de Staphylococcus aureus em queijo Minas Padrão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23) França, Fabiana; Pimentel Filho, Natan de Jesus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9157232954010211; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087827996196146
The increasing demand for healthier foods with fewer synthetic ingredients has driven the development of products containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which offer significant health benefits and impart unique characteristics to foods. LAB have gained prominence due to their numerous properties, particularly their antimicrobial potential. These bacteria play a crucial role in fermentation, extending product shelf life and producing important metabolites. Cheeses, especially artisanal varieties such as Porungo cheese, are rich in LAB. This study aimed to document various sources of LAB isolation and review the main methods for their identification, characterization, and application in the production of fermented foods. Additionally, it sought to evaluate the biotechnological potential of eight LAB strains isolated from Porungo cheese whey ferment, with the goal of optimizing and enhancing cheese production quality. The isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS analysis and tested for susceptibility to 12 antibiotics, as well as for diacetyl production. The antibacterial potential of the isolates was assessed against Lactococcus lactis ATCC 19435 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565 using neutralized cell-free supernatants (CFS). The effect of temperature on the growth kinetics of the isolates and the pH change in whole milk was evaluated over 48 hours. The isolates Enterococcus faecium QP60 and Streptococcus infantarius QP6 were evaluated as adjunct and starter cultures in the production of Minas Padrão cheese, as well as for their ability to control S. aureus growth in the food matrix. Two isolates were identified as S. infantarius, two as Streptococcus lutetiensis, three as L. lactis, and one as E. faecium. Most LAB strains demonstrated sensitivity to multiple antibiotics, with six producing diacetyl. Only the CFS obtained from E. faecium QP60 showed antibacterial activity against L. lactis, but not against S. aureus. The biotechnological potential of the isolates revealed that Streptococcus species rapidly adapted and exhibited high growth rates in whole milk incubated between 30 and 40°C, with S. infantarius QP6 standing out. However, treatments using various LAB combinations did not show significant effectiveness in controlling S. aureus growth over 60 days. Furthermore, the maturation process of Minas Padrão cheese and the different treatments applied resulted in significant changes in the product's physicochemical characteristics. The results suggest that E. faecium QP60 and S. infantarius QP6 warrant further investigation and may be considered potential adjunct and bioprotective cultures.
Utilização de um sensor eletroquímico descartável para o diagnóstico rápido da COVID-19 por meio da detecção da proteína Spike do vírus SARS-CoV-2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23) Nascimento, Evair Dias; Faria, Ronaldo Censi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1094-9597; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9857559420758198; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2821-2094
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome of Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has fueled the search for diagnostic tests aimed at controlling and reducing viral transmission. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique is the main technique used for diagnosis. However, due to accessibility and cost limitations, it is necessary to develop new tests that are more accessible and can help in the early diagnosis of the disease. With this in mind, we developed an ultrasensitive magnetic assay using magnetic beads and gold nanoparticles conjugated with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) peptide (Gln24-Gln42) for the capture and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in samples of human saliva and urine. The technique applied involved the use of a disposable electrochemical device containing eight independent screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) that allow the simultaneous analysis of eight samples. The magnetic assay exhibited ultra-low detection limits for SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, 0.35 ag mL−1 in saliva samples and 0.13 ag mL−1 in urine samples. In terms of efficiency, the magnetic assay proposed for saliva samples, considering saliva samples from healthy individuals and those infected by SARS-CoV-2, presented an area under the curve (AUC) of 99.6%, sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 93.7% for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and great similarity with the RT-PCR technique. The proposed approach for urine samples, considering urine samples from non-hospitalized negative individuals (Neg-NH), hospitalized negative individuals (Neg-H) and hospitalized positive individuals (Pos-H), showed significant similarity with the RT- technique. PCR, with area under the curve (AUC) of 87.0%, area under the precision curve (AUC-PR) of 73%, Sensitivity of 95.8% and Specificity 73.1%, for the Spike protein SARS-CoV-2. The results obtained point to the potential application of this magnetic assay as a simple and low-cost solution for point-of-care diagnosis of COVID-19 based on saliva or urine.
Manual de história da 5ª classe do ensino primário em Angola: uma análise à luz dos conceitos de negritude e decolonialidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23) Monteiro, Cristiano José dos Santos; Lima, Emília Freitas de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5515637339275988; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5079239464494987; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-0646
This study analyzes the curricular content of the History Manual for the 5th grade of Primary Education in Angola, based on the concepts of blackness and decoloniality. It was guided by the following research questions: Is it possible to identify evidence of the ideals advocated by the Blackness Movement in the History Manual for the 5th grade of Primary Education in Angola? If so, what do such evidence reveal? What are the relationships between the content of the Manual and the concept of decoloniality? Its general objective was to: Analyze the curricular text interpreted by the History Manual for the 5th grade of Primary Education in Angola, in light of the concepts of blackness and decoloniality, in the context of the political emancipation of that country. And as specific objectives: To identify the social aspects present in the History Manual for the 5th grade of Primary Education in Angola; to identify the cultural aspects present in the History Manual for the 5th grade of Primary Education in Angola; to identify the political aspects present in the History Manual for the 5th grade of Primary Education in Angola; to analyze these results in light of the ideals of the Blackness Movement and the concept of decoloniality. Regarding the methodological aspects, this was a qualitative documentary research. The data were processed through a “thematic” content analysis. The results were presented according to thematic axes, namely: the social aspects showed the condition of Angolan society under colonial rule, marked by inequalities, highlighting the Portuguese administration’s neglect in guaranteeing access to public services for Angolans. The cultural aspects showed data on: the ethnic diversity of Angola, made up of peoples and kingdoms; the way they were socially organized, revealing what Angola was like before colonization; the characterization of the collections, monuments and cultural practices and values, peculiar elements of Angolan culture that keep alive the achievements of Angolan heroes and heroines. The political aspects explored the process of social construction through the struggle and efforts of different resistance groups and personalities among the peoples and kingdoms of Angola, culminating in the actions of the liberation movements, which created a collective consciousness of unity. We found that the Manual values Angolan identity by emphasizing the struggle for liberation from colonial rule. Given these data, there is strong evidence that the curricular content of the 5th grade History Manual is focused on emancipation and the rescue and preservation of Angolan identity, from the perspective of a historicity that defends the motto of Angola for Angolans. There is also evidence that the curricular content corresponds to the intentions of the Angolan government to improve the educational system by implementing educational reform. There is strong evidence that our initial hypothesis is confirmed, that the ideals of blackness would be contemplated in the Manual. We were able to confirm this by analyzing the results in light of the concepts of blackness and decoloniality. The research also revealed an affinity between its results and the concept of decoloniality, since it breaks with the colonizing logic of analyzing a specific African reality from the perspective of sources from the Global North.
Elites políticas, constituição e direitos sociais: elite política e a negação do direito social à educação constitucionalmente assegurado no estado de São Paulo de 1989 a 2022.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23) Celestino, Sebastião; Justo, Carolina Raquel Duarte de Mello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9209489935777843; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5249-0721; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1722806458367250; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2654-6915
This work investigates why, three decades after the promulgation of the Constitution of the state of São Paulo in 1989, the law organizing the state's education system determined by its article 238 was not published. As the Law does not present a satisfactory solution for the legislative omission, the This research seeks to demonstrate that political action is a determining factor in the realization of the constitutionally foreseen social right to education. As a main objective, the research aims to point out that the non-decision of the political elite constitutes a decision not to promote the organization of the population's education, by not complying with the constitutional command. Using the case study method in a qualitative approach, it investigates the profile of the political class over three decades, in order to identify the factors that determine the lack of interest in education that leads to legislative omission. To support the research, this work is built on two theoretical bases, namely, constitutionalism, to start from the premise that the fundamental political decision on the creation by law of the education system has already been taken by the derived constituent, and the Theory of the Elites, to demonstrate that the reality of politics denies the promise made formally. Education is not organized by the state, while leading minorities organize themselves to promote the private education of their members, preparing themselves to occupy leadership positions, under the mantle of the moral justification of being the most prepared for these roles. It is argued that this is not a deficiency in the political system, but rather the interests of the ruling elites in not promoting the education of the governed.
Filmes e ensino de física: concepções de futuros professores sobre a utilização de seriados de ficção científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23) Sorensen, Rafael do Nascimento; Silva, Monikeli Wippel da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9382775316333619; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0951-2286; Gebara, Maria José Fontana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6585493065968961; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9399-3683; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6053289104341064; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-5345
Physics education has often been criticized for its expository, fragmented approach that is disconnected from other areas of knowledge. Considering this, the present dissertation investigates the pedagogical potential of using science fiction (SF) series in teaching Physics. Given the challenges the subject faces in engaging students, this study aims to explore how undergraduates from a federal higher education institution, future Physics teachers, perceive the use of SF series as a teaching strategy for the subject. The general objective was to investigate the proposals for using SF series in Physics classes by these future teachers. Eight undergraduate students from a federal public university in the interior of São Paulo state participated in this qualitative, exploratory research. Data were collected through questionnaires and lesson plans developed by the participants. The results reveal that most participants recognize the potential of SF as a teaching aid, especially in promoting cognition and developing critical and creative skills. However, they highlight the need for pedagogical mediation, with the teacher taking an active role in contextualizing and explaining the scientific concepts present in the narratives. The research points to significant potential in integrating SF series into Physics classes, provided that this strategy is accompanied by proper planning. It is concluded that the investigated approach has the potential to make Physics education more dynamic and engaging, as well as to stimulate students' critical thinking. However, the study's limitations, such as the small number of participants, indicate the need for further research to validate the results in different educational contexts.
Vidros de spin e redes neurais: diagramas de fase das máquinas de Boltzmann clássicas e semiclássicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23) Carpio, Nicolás Armando Cabrera; Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8099896961289529
Classical and quantum Boltzmann machines have become useful models for complex systems in statistical physics, but also learning algorithms on neural networks and optimization problems outside of statistical physics. These stochastic neural networks embodying the Boltzmann distribution, are capable of learning and representing probability distributions over input data that enables them to capture the related correlations and dependencies inherent in the systems they represent. In this project, through a theoretical analysis based on the Replica and Suzuki Trotter methods, we study and compare the phase diagrams of the classical (in both architectures) and quantum Boltzmann machine, highlighting the fundamental similarities and differences between them. The two methods mentioned above allow us to make the semi classical approximation in which the correlations between the neurons are ignored, both classical and quantum. The phase diagrams of these machines are studied in order to provide deep insights into its equilibrium behaviour, showing how transitions between different network states depend on variations of some control parameters like temperature, transverse field (just for the quantum case), interaction energy (Synapses) or external field strength (bias), we focus in the effects of the bias which is important in the context of neural networks. In the case of a classical Boltzmann machine, these transitions are described by changes in terms of the temperature that is directly related with the transition probabilities between microscopic states; while for a quantum Boltzmann Machine, it is necessary consider additionally effects from the transverse field that allows quantum tunneling, coherence and superposition.
Por onde estamos caminhando no cuidado em terapia ocupacional em telessaúde? Um estudo qualitativo com terapeutas ocupacionais do Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinâmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-23) Lopes, Kezia; Marcolino, Taís Quevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7197838515800679; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-5118; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1720425423584816; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-8651
Telehealth was been promoted as a form of occupational therapy care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given this new scenario, it would be interesting to understand how these services are being conducted and how theoretical-methodological frameworks are being employed. The Dynamic Occupational Therapy Method (MTOD) is a theoretical-methodological framework that has been developed in Brazil since the 1970s and is aimed at clinical practice. Objective: To understand how the Dynamic Occupational Therapy Method is being used in the telehealth modality. Methodology: Qualitative exploratory research. The participants consisted of 13 occupational therapists trained in the MTOD methodology who provide services via telehealth. Data were collected through participant characterization forms and semi-structured individual interviews. Data analysis was conducted using the thematic analysis method. Results: Telehealth expanded the reach and possibility of a new modality, facilitating access to occupational therapy services. The MTOD provided theoretical-methodological support for the occupational therapists. The difficulty regarding the virtual skills of the occupational therapist impacted the activities. Discussion: There is a need to expand our knowledge of technologies, identify the target subjects to be served, and determine which regulations to follow. Final Considerations: The MTOD has proven to be a theoretical-methodological framework for occupational therapy that can be used in the telehealth modality due to its dynamic and flexible nature, favoring access to target subjects from various locations and expanding the possibilities of activities with technological resources.