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Efeitos do clima e da paisagem nos padrões de distribuição e de riqueza de felinos da Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-08)
Ribeiro-Souza, Paula Danyelle
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Graipel, Maurício Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3039321868126712
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Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
Two of the most significant forces affecting biodiversity worldwide are Global Climate Change (GCC) and Land Use and Land Cover Change (LULC). To better understand the impacts of GCC and LULC on biodiversity, it is crucial to analyze how these factors interact with terrestrial ecosystems, including the Atlantic Forest biome. In this context, the main objectives of this thesis were: (1) to evaluate how climate and landscape currently influence the distribution and richness patterns of the species Leopardus emiliae, L. guttulus, L. wiedii, Herpailurus yagouaroundi, L. pardalis, Puma concolor, and Panthera onca in the Atlantic Forest; (2) to investigate the extent to which this distribution is protected by Strict Protection Conservation Units (SPCUs); and (3) to understand how the taxonomic richness patterns of wild felines will respond to GCC and LULC in the Atlantic Forest by 2050. To achieve the first and second objectives, species distribution modeling were used to estimate suitable areas for both the current scenario and the year 2050, for the distribution of each species and for the taxonomic richness of felines. The models were created using climatic and landscape variables, employing different algorithms. All species occurrence data were obtained from data papers, other scientific articles, scientific collections, and databases. The results indicated that only 30% of the Atlantic Forest is currently suitable for feline richness, with areas of low species richness located in northeastern Brazil and Argentina. Only 9% of these suitable areas are covered by FPAs, highlighting a significant gap in feline conservation. Species such as L. emiliae (1.37%) and P. onca (1.97%) are the least protected. Projections for 2050 indicated that the loss of suitable habitat will be more pronounced under the pessimistic scenario (~87%) due to the combination of GCC and LULC. Additionally, about 61% of the analyzed areas in the Atlantic Forest have low permeability for feline richness. The results of this thesis underscore the urgent need for conservation actions in the Atlantic Forest, including the implementation, maintenance, and expansion of FPAs, landscape restoration, and increased connectivity between suitable areas. These measures could mitigate the negative impacts of GCC and LULC on feline richness in the Atlantic Forest.
Avaliação em língua inglesa com crianças na Educação Infantil: a participação no processo avaliativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-08)
Lucena, Priscilla Pina de
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Barbirato, Rita de Cassia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962819573963727
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5896-9787
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1360118078214772
This qualitative interpretive collaborative ethnographic-based research investigated the participation of 5-year-old children during the writing of the English language assessment report in a private school in the city of São Paulo. We investigated 1) how children can participate in their English learning assessment process when the instrument is the class assessment report; 2) what challenges arise for the educator and for the children regarding this participation. Firstly, we analyzed official Brazilian educational documents to understand what is expected at this school stage. Next, we researched the conception of childhood and children to understand how their participation and rights were achieved. It was also important to conceptualize our understanding of participation. After this initial analysis of issues related to childhood, we researched theories about assessment in Early Childhood Education to understand the assessment scenario in Brazilian schools. Furthermore, we presented questions related to language teaching for children and English language assessment with children. The method used to study these issues with children was participant observation, and the data collection instruments included class observation, audio recording, field diary, interview, questionnaire, teacher planning, and school pedagogical project. Data triangulation led to results that showed us that children can participate in the assessment process by singing, gesturing, remembering situations, and adding information.
O ensino de ortopedia e traumatologia na graduação em medicina: como a faculdade nos prepara para a vida profissional?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-08)
Penido, Vitor Brasil Pereira
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Neves, Fábio Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2652568399519714
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7470108285867678
This Course Conclusion Work evaluates the teaching of Orthopedics and Traumatology during the undergraduate course in Medicine at UFSCar, based on the author's educational background, and proposes a critical-reflective analysis of the gaps in the average training of general medical in comparison with best practices recommended for the development of theoretical-practical skills and application in real scenarios, occupied by newly graduated doctors. In this way, the text reflects on orthopedic education and the enhancement of newly trained doctors' ability to manage the most prevalent orthopedic complaints, especially within primary care and emergency care settings. The methodology includes research in databases such as SciELO and PubMed and explores theoretical teaching and practical experiences throughout the course.
Aplicação do aprendizado de máquinas para classificação de cooperativas de crédito em risco de encerramento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-08)
Oliveira, Ana Carolina Alcantara de
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Carvalho, Flávio Leonel de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9615144436796386
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-9382
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9763606671341913
Introduction Credit cooperatives, entities formed by individuals with common economic interests, aim to achieve both the economic and social goals of their members (McKillop & Wilson, 2011). Given this, it is essential to monitor the risks associated with these entities, especially those related to credit granting, due to potential conflicts of interest. Determining the most relevant indicators for categorizing cooperatives with a potential for discontinuity can lead to more effective monitoring and support decision-making in the management process. Research Problem and Objective Due to the high risks involved in potential conflicts of interest, it is essential to monitor and assess capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, profitability, and liquidity, which can be carried out using the CAMEL methodology. However, the large number of indicators can make it difficult to analyze the actual financial situation of these organizations. Thus, this study aimed to identify the most relevant accounting indicators for classifying Brazilian credit cooperatives at risk of future closure. Theoretical Framework Several studies (Silva, Santos, Ranciaro, 2023; Vieira, Bressan V., Bressan A., 2018) highlight the importance of performance analysis in credit cooperatives. Although their objective is not profit generation, cooperatives need to manage their resources efficiently to provide members with higher returns on their investments and better rates for financial operations. Understanding these results is essential to support their social and economic functions and ensure their survival in the financial system. Methodology To achieve this, the study employed the machine learning methodologies Random Forest and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). The Random Forest model enabled the identification of the most relevant indicators, while the KNN model was used to classify cooperatives based on their potential risk of closure. Using a sample of 8,552 observations from single credit cooperatives between 2018 and 2022, the dataset was divided into a training set (80% of the sample) and a test set (remaining 20%). Results Analysis The results from non-parametric mean difference tests showed that the analyzed CAMEL indicators exhibited statistically significant differences in the years preceding closure. However, the model achieved 92.9% accuracy in predicting the future operational status of the cooperatives, with a 93% success rate for active cooperatives but only 46% for those classified as closed. Thus, while the model was ineffective in identifying closed cooperatives, it was efficient in classifying the most impactful indicators. Conclusion Due to the low accuracy in identifying closed cooperatives, the study concludes that using the six most impactful indicators provides a similar level of information to that obtained with the full set of CAMEL indicators. Additionally, given the high error rate in classifying credit cooperatives at risk of closure, the findings suggest the need to explore alternative models or techniques for predicting credit cooperative closures. Contribution / Impact This study aimed to identify the most relevant CAMEL indicators for classifying cooperatives at higher risk of closure and to predict closure probabilities using machine learning. The main contribution lies in identifying key financial indicators for monitoring the performance of credit cooperatives. It is expected that this study will contribute to improving the oversight of these institutions and strengthening the cooperative system, enabling proactive interventions to reduce their vulnerabilities.
Narrativa reflexiva: A jornada percorrida para honrar uma promessa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-09)
Luz, Leonardo Lopes Braga
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Hirakawa, Humberto Sadanobu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5250668837433200
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7845-3320
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0110188052557836
This Undergraduate Thesis, submitted to the School of Medicine at the Federal University of São Carlos, is a reflective narrative on the choice of a medical degree and the path taken toward its completion. The work is divided into three parts: a brief history regarding the choice of study and the pre-undergraduate period; an analysis of the undergraduate years, addressing academic, personal, and athletic experiences; and, finally, a reflection on the choices made and future perspectives.
Raw data on metal accumulation and oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile tilapia exposed to to settleable atmospheric particulate matter (SePM)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-10)
Maraschi, Anieli Cristina
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Adorno, Henrique Aio
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Monteiro, Diana Amaral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5896110724916724
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7384615643107023
Tecnologia e inovação na produção de whey protein e pre-workout no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-11)
Kawano, Gabriel Yamamoto
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Neves, Isabelle Cristina Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3479449098249392
The notion that nutrition can play a crucial role in promoting a healthy life is not new. As early as antiquity, Hippocrates correlated food with medicine. In recent years, the growing interest in a healthy lifestyle has driven the demand for dietary supplements. These products have been marketed for various purposes, such as increasing muscle mass and reducing body fat. This study aimed, through a literature review conducted from January to October 2024, by researching descriptors across different databases, to understand the technologies and innovations involved in the production of dietary supplements in Brazil, with a focus on the processing of whey protein and pre-workout products. It was found that the literature addresses more aspects related to whey protein than to pre-workout supplements. Furthermore, the market offers a variety of whey protein-based products, such as protein bars and yogurts, and caffeine-based products, such as super coffee. Additionally, few sources discussed the use of dietary supplements as essential ingredients for the development of new food products. Notably, for pre-workout supplements, no innovations were identified among the studies analyzed. It is concluded that dietary supplements show high potential for the development of new products, offering health benefits and enhanced performance. Moreover, the need for further studies on the new potential uses of these products as food ingredients was identified.
Exploración del potencial catalítico de Metal-Organic Frameworks con sitios de coordinación insaturados en síntesis orgánica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-11)
Báez Gómez, Reynier
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Jiménez, Claudio Águila
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2622-8308
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Paixão, Márcio Weber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104
In recent years, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have gained relevance in various applications, they stand out in heterogeneous catalysis due to their unique properties, such as high porosity and specific surface area, thermal stability, and the ability to incorporate catalytically active centers. In this work, the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic evaluation of four MOFs were carried out: HKUST-1, MIL-101(Cr), UiO-66-NH2, and MIL-53(Al). The synthesis of MIL-53(Al) through up-cycling from aluminum cans and PET bottles is particularly notable, promoting the circular economy by demonstrating the feasibility of producing MOFs from waste materials. MOFs were evaluated as heterogeneous catalysts in two C-N bond-forming reactions. For the first time, MOFs were reported as catalysts in the synthesis of acylhydrazides from aldehydes and azocompounds. The reaction was carried out at 60 °C for 48 hours in ethyl acetate, obtaining 16 compounds with yields ranging from 54 % to 97 %. The synthesis of pyrroles via the Paal-Knorr reaction from anilines and acetylacetone was also studied. The reaction was conducted under solvent-free conditions using microwave irradiation for 5 minutes, producing 7 pyrroles with yields between 50 % and 96 %. In both reactions, MIL-53(Al) proved to be the most efficient catalyst, with catalyst loads of 10 mol % and 5 mol %, respectively. Additionally, the stability and reusability of MIL-53(Al) were evaluated over four consecutive catalytic cycles, maintaining its performance with minimal decline. The combination of high catalytic activity, stability, and sustainable origin of MIL- 53(Al) represents a significant advancement in heterogeneous catalysis and green chemistry. The pioneering application of MOFs in the synthesis of hydrazides expands the frontiers of catalysis with these materials, providing a clear example of how the principles of the circular economy and catalysis innovation can be applied in the synthesis of advanced materials and the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly chemical processes.
Experiência em estágios e intercâmbios durante a graduação em Medicina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-11)
Ferreira, Brenda Emanuelly de Campos
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Barbosa, Larissa Campagna Martini
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8969823407559809
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4766-0634
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4198405762849898
This undergraduate thesis in medicine at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) is an experiential report of placements at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia in Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil, and at the Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital Estaing in France. The study highlights the benefits of practical learning for medical students, such as exposure to different hospital and cultural contexts, which contributes to a more humanized medical education. The challenges and achievements of these placements and academic exchanges are discussed, highlighting the importance of practical experience in developing professional and personal skills. The work aims to inspire other students to seek similar experiences and to make the academic journey more accessible by sharing information about the frequency of public calls and the importance of internship and exchange opportunities.
Minha trajetória no curso de medicina da UFSCar: reflexões, afetos e sentidos a partir da formação médica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-12)
Carvalho, Aline Augusto de
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Mattos, Augustus Tadeu Relo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2647316578139332
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0514-3575
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1215287799987829
Reflective narrative based on the trajectory of a medical student over 6 years in a course based on active learning methodology. The first years of the degree brought the challenge of adapting to the method in addition to the interruption of activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The course's approach has the potential to develop critical-reflective reasoning, with evidence-based and practical learning from the first year onwards, achieving humanized training, respect for the potential of each individual and the intellectual growth of its graduates.
"Olá a todes!": uma análise de percepções subjetivas sobre usos linguísticos não binários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-12)
Zambrano, Priscila Cristina
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Biazolli, Caroline Carnielli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7908630593356660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8235437972818935
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo investigar las percepciones de los hablantes de portugués brasileño sobre el lenguaje no binario (particularmente sobre los usos de “@”, “x” y “e” en palabras y oraciones). Defendemos estos usos, ya que los consideramos un medio simbólico de inclusión social para grupos minoritarios. El núcleo del estudio es, por tanto, la discusión de las correlaciones entre lengua, sociedad e identidades, con vistas a comprender las percepciones subjetivas. Para ello, nos basamos en la visión de una lengua heterogénea (Labov, 2008[1972]), que debe ser analizada según circunstancias lingüísticas y contextuales, y en la perspectiva de la Lingüística Queer, que encadena las discusiones sobre cómo la(s) lengua(s) puede apoyar o confrontar las normas de género y sexualidad. Con base en sustento teórico que aborda el lenguaje no binario, con base en investigaciones bibliográficas y documentales (Zambrano, 2022), organizamos y aplicamos un cuestionario a estudiantes, docentes y técnico-administrativos de una Institución de Educación Superior pública federal, ubicada en el interior de São Paulo, de modo que pudiéramos observar las reacciones subjetivas y los grados de acuerdo de este público sobre los usos lingüísticos en cuestión. Los análisis son cualitativos y cuantitativos (Knechtel, 2014) y se basan en datos obtenidos mediante escalas tipo Likert (Likert, 1932) y tipo Diferenciales Semánticos (Osgood; Suci; Tannenbaun, 1957). Los resultados revelan un rechazo significativo a las alternativas de género disruptivas en el idioma, pero apuntan a posibles tasas de aceptación de la variante “e” a largo plazo. Esperamos contribuir con la bibliografía existente sobre el tema, a partir de la validación de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos e incentivar nuevas investigaciones que discutan el mismo objeto.
Síndrome de realimentação em pacientes adultos: estudo retrospectivo em um hospital universitário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-12)
Soares, Miguel Vinicius Vieira Neves
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Mattos, Augustus Tadeu Relo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2647316578139332
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0514-3575
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7572369716911682
To evaluate the prevalence of adult and elderly individuals with risk criteria for Refeeding Syndrome (RS), the relationship between the listed groups and the main outcomes, in patients admitted from January to July 2022 in a University Hospital. Method: Retrospective, cross-sectional study, through analysis of electronic medical records of adult and elderly hospitalized patients. Three groups were analyzed: moderate risk of RS (food intake less than 50% and without reaching the nutritional target and/or BMI between 16 and 18.5kg/m²); serious risk: Food intake of less than 50% (BMI <16kg/m²) and RS. Results: 121 patients were evaluated, of which 38.84% presented RS. Of these, 49.58% were in the moderate risk group and 11.57% in the severe risk group. Regarding age, 61.98% were elderly and 38.02% were adults. Conclusion: There were significant differences in prevalence between adults and the elderly (x2 (1) = 6.95, p < 0.05), being higher in the elderly. The prevalence of RS was higher in elderly people (60 to 74 years old), in relation to groups of elderly people over 74 years old, and was statistically significant. Changing antibiotics during hospitalization was more prevalent in the moderate risk group for RS. Patients at risk of refeeding syndrome or IRS did not show a significant association with death.
Vitrocerâmicas transparentes não-estequiométricas de silicato de lítio reforçadas por troca iônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-12)
Santana, Geovana Lira
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Peitl Filho, Oscar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3007441705652783
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9852-662X
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Zanotto, Edgar Dutra
Glass-ceramics generally exhibit superior mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties compared to their parent glasses. However, achieving these properties often requires crystal growth, which increases light scattering and reduces transmittance. To overcome this drawback, ion-exchange processing can be employed to enhance the mechanical strength of these materials while maintaining transparency in the visible range. This process, widely applied in glass strengthening, consists of replacing alkali ions on the glass surface with larger ones from a molten salt bath. The size mismatch generates a compressive stress layer that reinforces the glass-ceramic. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of chemical strengthening in glass-ceramics remain not fully understood due to their complex microstructure. In this context, this thesis developed transparent lithium silicate glass-ceramics reinforced through ion exchange. The study, organized into chapters, first analyzed the influence of nucleating agents on obtaining transparent glass-ceramics with a high crystallized fraction (~80%) and high transmittance (80% at 550 nm) within reduced crystallization times. Additionally, the effect of microstructure (crystallized fraction) on mechanical strength and on the depth of layer (Li⁺ ↔ Na⁺) was investigated. The results revealed a stronger tendency for chemical strengthening in glass-ceramics with lower crystallized fraction (~50%), which reached flexural strength values of 767 and 670 MPa for the GN8 and GN9 compositions, respectively. Furthermore, experimental evidence indicated that the decrystallization phenomenon occurred preferentially in these samples, mainly affecting the lithium metasilicate crystalline phase. Overall, the results highlight the potential for producing transparent lithium silicate glass-ceramics within reduced processing times and demonstrate the effectiveness of the ion-exchange process in strengthening these materials.
Terapia cupacional Assistida por Cães para Criança no Transtorno do Espectro Autista: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-13)
Reis, Laís Vigatto dos
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Figueiredo, Mirela de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3660487766535040
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7541632859518248
Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) involves the incorporation of a animal trained in therapy sessions to assist in the treatment of people with varied diagnoses, highlighting Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Occupational Therapy has practiced Canine-Assisted Therapy for children on ASD, which present demands for communication, language, social relationships and changes sensory, which can impact participation in activities of daily living (ADL's). The literature indicates that Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy (CAOT), favors the engagement of children. Despite the increase in the practice of TAA with the dog as a therapy animal, there are still gaps in scientific knowledge regarding the effectiveness proven through controlled and randomized studies, specifically in the Brazil on Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy. Objective: Evaluate and describe functional problems for the occupational performance of a child on ASD, develop and implement an Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy plan (CAOT) for this child, reassess the child and describe changes in occupational performance after completing 11 CAOT sessions, describe the activities carried out and how the dog was incorporated to promote achievement of therapeutic objectives. Methodology: Case study, of a qualitative and exploratory nature involving a child on ASD, attended at the Health Unit School (USE) of the Federal University of São Carlos. Data collection was done using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure pre- and post-intervention and observation of the child's reactions. The data obtained was analyzed quantitatively and compared pre- and post-intervention scores. Results: When comparing the pre- and post-intervention results, a clinically significant change was observed, highlighting improvements mainly in skills cognitive aspects of attention, concentration, motivation, autonomy, independence, increased verbal communication and improved anxiety. The presence of the dog was a crucial factor in encouraging the child to interact with the therapist and carry out the activities. Discussion: The effectiveness of Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy is based on the theory of biophilia, social support and positive effects on the neuroendocrine system. Conclusion: Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy proved to be beneficial for the child on ASD in this study, with the dog being a motivator for the child's engagement and improving their occupational performance in ADL's and communication.
Desempenho Ocupacional de uma criança no Transtorno do Espectro Autista após Terapia Ocupacional Assistida por Cães
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-13)
Escovar, Bruna Priscila
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Figueiredo, Mirela de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3660487766535040
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2262527492240193
Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) involves the incorporation of a animal in a therapeutic treatment planned and supervised by a health professional health, such as occupational therapists. TAA includes assessing the needs of the assisted person, definition of objectives, incorporation of the animal in the sessions and monitoring results. In children on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the TAA with dogs has shown benefits in the development of motor skills, cognitive and psychosocial. Despite the growing international literature, there are still gaps in the definition and evidence on AAT, specifically in Brazil on Therapy Canine-Assisted Occupational. Objectives: Assess and describe problems functions that affect the occupational performance of a child with ASD, develop and implement a Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy plan for the child, reassess the child and present their reactions and changes in occupational performance after completing 11 TOAC sessions, describe the activities carried out and how the dog was incorporated to achieve therapeutic objectives. Methodology: Single case study method, with intrinsic and qualitative analysis. The participant was a 9-year-old child, diagnosed with ASD and care took place at the School Health Unit of the Federal University of São Carlos. The instruments for data collection were the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and all sessions were video recorded and later reported with a description of the child's interaction with the dog and therapist, the demonstration of components of occupational performance and engagement during the activity and positive social and emotional behaviors. Result: Comparing pre- and post-intervention results a clinically significant change was observed in the performance of functional problems identified in attention/concentration, pencil grip, scissor grip and activities of daily living involving shoelaces. Based on the child's reactions, engagement in the activities was identified, with the child motivated by the presence of the dog to carry out the activities perseveringly even in the face of difficulty. Discussion: Literature indicates benefits of this type of therapy for children with ASD based on the theory of human-animal interaction (IAH), which suggests that human beings have a natural tendency to form bonds with animals. Conclusion: The proposal for Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy in this study proved to be beneficial for the child, but as it is a case study it contains limitations, requiring new studies to validate a protocol.
Você consegue!: linguagem e persistência em crianças de idade escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-14)
Borges, Luana Barretto
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Souza, Débora de Hollanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3640676759708745
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-7787
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ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5270886609823729
From a very young age, infants are exposed to new and challenging situations, but when they are faced with everyday challenges, they need to be persistent. Studies have shown that individual differences in persistence emerge as young as 18 months of age and can predict academic performance and motivation years later. Furthermore, recent research has demonstrated a relationship between the type of language to which infants and children are exposed (e.g., praise that values effort vs. praise for children's characteristics) and their individual persistence in challenging situations. However, as far as we know, there are no studies testing possible relations between the language used by children and their level of persistence. The present research therefore had two main goals: a) to investigate whether children aged 7 to 8 use language related to persistence, process praise and personal praise during the narration of a book without words (which presents several challenging situations for the character); and b) test a possible relationship between the type of language used by children during the book narration and performance in a persistence task. In this task, children were asked to solve a problem (e.g., opening a box that contains a toy, but which is very difficult to open) and the time during which the child persisted in the challenge was measured. The final sample consisted of 44 participants (Mage = 89 months, SD = 3.75 months). The results indicated that 90.9% of the children used words related to persistence during the narrative (e.g., "try"; "train"), and 40.9% presented messages encouraging persistence (e.g., "You have to train hard to achieve something"). Thus, it can be concluded that Brazilian children aged 7 to 8 years use language related to persistence. The sample was divided into High Persistence and Medium Persistence groups, using 240-second in the PT as the cutoff score. A significant and moderate Spearman correlation was found between the presence of messages encouraging persistence in the narrative and the time during which children persisted in the PT (r = 0.504, p = 0.003) in the Medium Persistence group.
Análise comparativa de métodos de seleção de variáveis em problemas de classificação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-14)
Cunha, Luna Wagner
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Russo, Cibele Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1011098065426388
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-0245
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6351934108951168
In this study, a comprehensive comparison between the SHAP method and the Lasso method for variable selection is presented. The methodologies of both techniques are explored and juxtaposed, utilizing key selection metrics such as precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy in both simulated and real database scenarios. The tests applied show SHAP as a good competitor for variable selection methods, with results even slightly superior to Lasso in the cases presented here, both on a simulated and real basis, maintaining competitive accuracy levels in relation to the complete model. Despite being somewhat close in accuracy, SHAP notably reduces the variable space, demonstrating its selection prowess. Additionally, a robustness study involving perturbation values in training, testing, and combined datasets confirms the resilience of the variables selected by SHAP, particularly in terms of accuracy. These analyses underscore the efficacy of the SHAP method as a versatile and potent tool for variable selection, promising improved interpretability and performance in machine learning applications.
Entendendo sintomas de depressão em redes sociais: uma abordagem de granularidade fina com volume de dados restrito
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-14)
Mendes, Augusto Rozendo
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5946718305128982
This study investigated the identification of depression signs in online text, utilizing a set of fine-grained labels, composed of 21 distinct signs, in order to deep the collective understanding of how depression is expressed online. Results indicated that emotional and external signs of depression are frequent in social media, while somatic signs are scarcely expressed; however this trend does not carry over to model performance, with models performing best in somatic sign classification and struggling with some of the most frequent signs. Given these challenges regarding model performance, potentially related to data scar- city, a series of techniques were evaluated with the goal of improving model performance, including regularization techniques, data augmentation, prompt engineering and multi- task learning, among which multi-task learning proved to be the most promising. With the continuation of joint learning experiments, additional research questions concerning which auxiliary tasks lead to positive transfer - and why - were answered: 3 of the 7 auxiliary tasks led to positive transfer, including depression sign classification under a simplified taxonomy, fine-grained emotion classification and sentiment classification led to positive transfer, however none of a set of 12 task characteristics proved to be good predictors of said positive transfer
Primeiros seis anos: uma narrativa crítico-reflexiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-14)
Pereira, Beatriz Caroline dos Santos
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Nasser, Michel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1629054550833348
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-9784
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2910971236530208
This Final Graduation Project (TCC) was developed based on the guidelines of the Political-Pedagogical Project (PPP) of the UFSCar Medical School, adopting a critical and reflective approach from the personal perspective of a student. The text narrates, in chronological order, the academic journey throughout six years of medical education, structured into three formative cycles of two years each. The first cycle was marked by insecurity, challenges related to the teaching methodology, and difficulties in integrating with peers, further intensified by the uncertainties of the pandemic. During the second cycle, there was a phase of readjustment to the post-pandemic context, marked by struggles with learning and mental health. In the third cycle, the practical nature of the internship and interaction with a group of peers led to significant improvements in the learning process and personal development. This narrative reflects on the technical and human evolution throughout the course, culminating in a broader, critical, and empathetic view of medical practice.
Cuidados paliativos na formação médica: relato de experiência e revisão de literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-14)
Hernández, Carla Vitória Pedroso
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Mattos, Augustus Tadeu Relo de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2647316578139332
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0514-3575
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1325811774467479
In recent decades, following the global trend, population censuses have shown an increase in life expectancy in Brazil (BIVAR; ABRANTES, 2014). This increase is tied to the growing representation of the elderly population, with projections indicating that by 2050, the age group over 65 years will account for 22.77% of the total population in the country (UNITED NATIONS, 2015). However, the increase in years lived does not necessarily represent years lived free of disease. Thus, there has been an increase in chronic non-transmissible diseases in the population (BRASIL, 2021). In this scenario, the incorporation of palliative care into routine healthcare becomes undeniable, with the undergraduate environment being a key setting to consolidate concepts on the subject, which are essential for future medical practice. Nevertheless, medical education still seems to lack a more structured and standardized approach to learning on this topic. The present work aims to explore the experiences lived by the student during undergraduate studies, focusing on the theme of palliative care. It also aims to conduct a narrative literature review regarding the relevance of this type of care in the current and future epidemiological context, as well as to discuss how the teaching of this topic is currently being approached in undergraduate programs, primarily from the perspective of students. This is an experience report, with a bibliographic complement using national and international databases. It is concluded that the recent update of the National Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Medicine Programs, conducted by the Ministry of Education in Brazil, may enhance the landscape of medical education from the perspective of palliative care in the coming years. For this to become a reality, it is essential to modify the medical curriculum of institutions that do not yet include the discussion of this topic in a more standardized way, incorporating practical learning with structured assessment, tailored to the particularities of each educational project.