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Empreendedorismo tecnológico feminino: análise bibliométrica e experiências de empreendedoras brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-11) Santos, Camila Fátima dos; Rigolin, Camila Carneiro Dias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2388584081961836; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9400-2837; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4287711222508230; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5814-2493
This study seeks to deepen the understanding of female entrepreneurship or the relationship between gender and innovation in companies that are intensive in technical and scientific knowledge. The analysis of the discourse of female entrepreneurs in technology startups reveals that they face a series of difficulties, such as problems in seeking financing for their businesses, competition in the market and autonomy. Based on this assumption, this research consists of a bibliometric analysis of articles collected from the Web of Science, in the journal with a high impact factor in the fields of gender and entrepreneurship study: Entrepreneurial Theory and Practice. This first stage of the research allows for a qualitative analysis, in the identification of the themes, profile and location of the businesses, as well as a quantitative analysis in the following bibliometric parameters: authors (number, gender, institutional origin and most referenced authors), research procedures and methodological approach of the articles, and year of publication. In addition, in the second stage, two case studies were carried out in companies that are intensive in technical and scientific knowledge and led by women. The research instruments used in this phase are documentary research, with consultations of the Lattes CV and the Fapesp Virtual Library of the selected female entrepreneurs; and field research, with in-depth interviews. The data are discussed in light of the selected literature, as well as their possible implications for the national economy. The studies show that entrepreneurial activity presents challenges that are characteristic of gender, such as the difficulty of reconciling it with maintaining a home, romantic relationships and parental care. In addition, there are prejudices in this regard inherent in negotiations with clients, suppliers and lines of financing. In technology, there is also the aggravating factor of being a predominantly male area. Businesses led by women tend to be less profitable and long-lasting due to complex factors that are often visible only to those who delve into researching this topic.
O condicional evidencial reportativo em discursos políticos do português brasileiro: uma descrição cognitivista dos fenômenos de ponto de vista e perspectiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-11) Mella, Beatriz de Souza; Hirata-Vale, Flávia Bezerra de Menezes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2797556968074056; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-9461; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4981202127585086; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7662-116X
Based on well-established literature in other languages (Böhm; Hennemann, 2014; Dendale, 1993, 2010, 2012; Kronning, 2018; Oliveira, 2013; Squartini, 2001), Lourenço (2016) and Mella (2020) consider that the future in the past (futuro do pretérito) in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) is a verbal form that can express not only temporal and modal semantic values in an utterance but also evidential ones. Since this value is much more related to the modal meanings of this verbal form than to the temporal ones (Câmara Jr., 1967, apud Freitag; Araujo, 2011), this study considers the term “conditional” (Dendale, 1993, 2010, 2012; Dendale; Coltier, 2013; Oliveira, 2013) more appropriate to refer to the object of this research: the reportative conditional (Kronning, 2012, 2018). Reportativity is an indirect way of obtaining information and, therefore, a type of evidentiality, characterized by borrowing the content from other sources (Kronning, 2018). By making this borrowing, the speaker automatically expresses the cognitive content of another individual in their utterance (Hattnher, 2018). With this premise in mind and based on the descriptions by Lourenço (2016) and Mella (2020), who attested to the conditional as a grammatical marker of evidentiality in BP, this study aims to (i) broaden the scope of analysis of the object and approach the reportative conditional not only as a functional phenomenon but also as a cognitive one, proposing to analyze it as a grammatical marker of viewpoint construction and perspective shift in discourse. Linguistic viewpoints are specific structures constructed by the speaker through various linguistic mechanisms, oriented toward a given discursive perspective (Dancygier, 2017). The main hypothesis is that the reportative conditional triggers the emergence of a viewpoint that alters the discourse perspective. This study also aims to (ii) contribute to the description of the conditional as a grammatical evidential marker in BP. To achieve this, it seeks to analyze, among other issues, the distribution of conditional occurrences across the considered uses, and, among the reportative ones, those in which the conditional is the only mechanism fulfilling this function in the utterance. Adopting the Cognitive-Functional Linguistics approach as its theoretical framework, to achieve these objectives, the research relied on a corpus compiled manually and composed of records from the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate, available on the respective websites of the Legislative Houses. The conditional occurrences were collected using the R Platform (R Core Team, 2023), based on the suffixes of the verbal form, and classified according to their use in each context, following Dendale (2010) and Vatrican (2013, 2014). Those that allowed for a reportative reading were analyzed according to (i) the person and number of the verbal subject and (ii) the verbal form (synthetic or periphrastic), which are morphosyntactic parameters, as well as in relation to the characteristics of (iii) the information source, a semantic-pragmatic parameter. Based on the theoretical assumptions by Kronning (2018) regarding the reportative conditional, the analysis of these parameters yielded results that contributed to elucidating the characterization of this phenomenon in BP. For its treatment as a grammatical marker of construction and shift in discourse phenomena related to viewpoint and perspective in this language, the study analyzed the interaction between grammatical structure and discursive context (Zeman, 2019) and the distinction between deixis and cognition (Vandelanotte, 2019). This analysis confirmed the hypothesis that the reportative conditional is, in fact, a grammatical mechanism of viewpoint construction, strategically employed by the speaker for semantic-pragmatic purposes, capable of triggering a shift in the cognitive perspective of the discourse.
Soluções nutritivas na fertirrigação de Phalaenopsis utilizando o sistema de cultivo ‘Nutripool’
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-11) Batistela, Giovani Janotti; Cardoso, Jean Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3681181863704059; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6578-1723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4450121467559760
Phalaenopsis is the main genus cultivated for the production of potted flowers in Brazil, with a rapidly expanding market that increasingly seeks technological solutions aimed at productivity and sustainability. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of the stationary fertigation system called Nutripool for the production of potted Phalaenopsis, in addition to analyzing the development of the plants and the composition of the most appropriate nutrient solution. The experiment consisted of 8 treatments, 6 in the Nutripool system, divided into 3 nutrient solutions under two different ECs (1.2 mS.cm-1 and 1.0 mS.cm-1) in a 3X2 factorial scheme, in addition to an additional treatment with controlled-release fertilizer and a control treatment of conventional localized fertigation. The vegetative and reproductive development, as well as the physiological indicators of the plants in each treatment, were evaluated. In addition, the interaction of the nutrient solutions in the system was analyzed, with measurements of EC, pH and solution volume. The results showed that all treatments provided similar vegetative development for Phalaenopsis. Regarding the chlorophyll a and b content, the PP solution presented statistically higher values than the S4 solution, while the AC solution did not differ from the others. In the analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence, no reduction in the efficiency of photosystem II was observed in the treatments analyzed. For flowering, the treatments PP 1.0, AC 1.2, AC 1.0, S4 1.2, FLC presented the best results, corresponding to the performance observed in the control (FC). In the analysis of the interaction of the nutrient solution, it was observed that the Nutripool system promoted an increase in EC and an acidification in the volume of nutrient solution deposited, mainly due to the physiology of the plant, but also due to the nature of the fertilizers. Furthermore, it was observed that the system demonstrated efficiency in reducing water and fertilizer consumption, presenting an average reduction of 58.33% in the volume of nutrient solution consumed by the Nutripool system, compared to micro-sprinkler irrigation, which is widely used in commercial production. It was therefore concluded that the Nutripool system has great potential as an alternative to the micro-sprinkler fertigation system, offering similar performance in plant development combined with a drastic reduction in water and fertilizer consumption. It was also concluded that, among the nutrient solutions evaluated, the AC 1.0 treatment solution was the one that presented the best results, exhibiting the same performance as the control treatment combined with lower fertilizer consumption compared to the others, allowing an even more efficient and sustainable use of the Nutripool system for Phalaenopsis production.
Recomendações para promover o engajamento em jogos digitais educacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-11) Bueno, Elyssa Dalva Ribeiro; Otsuka, Joice Lee; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8235968002513082; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3233-0314; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7557161875463412; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8431-1081
Educational games have been more used each day as valuable tools to help education. Unfortunately, educational games have many limitations relationed to budget and development teams, wich may result in unattractive games to the target audience. One of the main elements to a successful educational game is the engagement. To develop engaging games without sacrificing the educational objectives is an important requirement in the making of educational games. Therefore, this research has as objective, to define a set of design recommendations to the development of more engaging educational games, considering a diverse target audience. To do so, the first step was to conduct a systematic mapping of the literature about recommendations for engaging games and related tools. Relating the found concepts, it was possible to create a initial recommendation gruoup that was later refined with the help of researchers, experts on the field of educational games and also voluntary teachers. The final recommendation group has 76 items sorted by their process step, provided engaging element, benefited player groups, implementation complexity and professional type who has to fulfill them (including developers and teachers). To evaluate the developed recommendation group, a educational game from the Learning Objects Laboratory (LOL) was adapted following the recommendations and used in a case study that applied the game with students from middle school and high school. Said study compared the students’ evaluation and engagement in each version of the game. Through observation and the tools Egameflow (SHU-HUI; WANN-YIH; DENNISON, 2018) and SAM (HAYASHI et al., 2016), and interviews, the adapted version stood out for its higher conclusion rate, in addition to a higher mean of grades in the evaluations. Besides that, when interviewed, the voluntary teachers reported a improvement in the customization and application process when following the created recommendations. Therefore, it was possible to update the state of art about engaging educational games when observing that the recommendation group created had a positive influence over the development, cutomization and application process to provide engaging experiences with educational games.
Assinaturas genéticas associadas à estrutura populacional em Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier 1816) do alto e médio rio Uruguai
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-11) Zavala, Enzo; Ramirez, Jorge Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3073682959497475; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5916-6126; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8511556979306379; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2624-391X
The Neotropical region is recognized by its high biodiversity, from which Ostariophysian fish represent a group of wide diversifications. Among these fish, those that carry out long-distance migratory movements, that occur naturally during annual reproduction seasons in tropical basins, stand out. There is still much to investigate about how this behavior is reflected in the genetic structure of migratory freshwater fish, such as Salminus brasiliensis, a fish of economic and ecological importance popularly known as Dourado and whose natural populations have been reduced in the last years. Uruguay River represents an area subjected to intense environmental pressure caused by hydroelectrical dams, which constrain both the upstream movement to spawning areas and the passive downstream movement of egg and larvae to nursery and recruitment areas. Although the presence of dams could suggest the existence of a spatial population structure, previous genetic evidence of isolation by time suggests the hypothesis of the presence of reproductive shoals temporally different that could present genetic signatures of this isolation. Using a Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) approach, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms markers for 60 individuals of S. brasiliensis were assessed. Patterns of genetic structure were inferred using three datasets: (i) Total SNPs, (ii) putative neutral SNPs, and (iii) putative adaptive SNPs, and three sets of individuals: (i) Total individuals, (ii) Itá e (iii) Turvo, in order to test the pattern of Isolation by time described for S. brasiliensis. Clustering analysis using the total and putative neutral SNPs datasets rejected the hypothesis of isolation by time and suggest that dourados from both regions represent a panmictic population. In contrast, 121 putative adaptive SNPs evidenced four genetic clusters. These findings indicated that selection would drive a genetic differentiation between dourados from the upper and middle Uruguay river, resulting in a “Temporal divergent selection” with the formation of two potential ecotypes of S. brasiliensis: “Early” and “Late ” spawners, at the beginning (October-December) and at the end (January-February) of the reproductive season, respectively. By mapping our adaptive SNPs to an annotated genome assemble, those were identified in genes involved in functions at cellular level. Thus, it was suggested that our SNP markers exhibit an effect of “genetic hitchhiking” with genomic regions that are truly under selection, with the probable existence of “genomic islands” shaping the genomic structure of S. brasiliensis during initial stages of ecological divergence under high levels of gene flow. Overall, this study demonstrates the utility of genomic approaches by applying analysis of putative adaptive genetic variation when neutral data fail in revealing patterns of population structure in freshwater migratory fish species. Nevertheless, further studies including both phenotypic and ecological data are necessary to aid to identify management units that guarantee the conservation status of S. brasiliensis from the upper and middle Uruguay River.