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Potencial de aplicação de nanopartículas de prata produzidas pela síntese verde utilizando os fungos endofíticos Fusarium spp. e Penicillium spp.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12) Garcia, Laisa Adriana de Paula Luizon; Sousa, Cristina Paiva de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7151-5085; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9186603516647589
In the post-pandemic scenario, where concern about ways to protect against bacteria and viruses has increased, the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in fabrics stands out as an approach less susceptible to microbial resistance. These materials can be incorporated into clothing, masks, and personal protective equipment (PPE), providing additional barriers against pathogen infections and enhancing the quality and lifespan of fabrics. In the context of sustainable production, the green synthesis of AgNPs represents a sustainable and efficient alternative for producing materials with antimicrobial properties. This study investigated the potential for fabricating AgNPs using fermentation broths of the endophytic fungi Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. isolated from the plant Polygala paniculata, native to the Atlantic Forest. The green synthesis conducted with the broth of Fusarium sp. produced AgNPs (NPs-F) with an average diameter of 59 nm, while the AgNPs produced by the Penicillium sp. broth (NPs-P) had an average diameter of 85 nm. Regarding antimicrobial activity, NPs-F showed greater bactericidal and antibiofilm potential, requiring a much higher concentration of NPs-P to achieve the same results observed with NPs-F. It was also noted that the fermentation broth of Penicillium sp. demonstrated much higher synthesis efficiency, producing approximately 2,54 × 1010 particles/mL, double the amount of AgNPs produced by the Fusarium sp. broth. Despite this, the efficiency of green synthesis remains a challenge to be addressed, with relatively low conversions of AgNO3 into AgNPs, requiring optimizations to enable its production on an industrial scale
Biossensores contendo acetilcolinesterases de formigas cortadeiras para screening de potenciais inseticidas naturais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12) Araújo, Sean dos Santos; Fernandes, João Batista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7181896069596980
Some of the agricultural pests most responsible for damage and losses are leaf-cutting ants (genus Atta and Acromyrmex). This insect causes damage in agricultural and forestry areas, mainly in monocultures, such as Pinus, Eucalyptus, Gmelina and Citrus. The application of chemical compounds such as organophosphates and carbamates to control ants can have a negative impact on the environment and human health. Based on this, in the present work, two electrochemical biosensors based on acetylcholinesterases from leaf-cutting ants were developed to detect potential inhibitors from plant extracts. For the development of the biosensors, the electrodes were screen-printed on polyester foil using carbon and Ag/AgCl-based inks. The modification of the surface of the working electrode was necessary for the immobilization of the enzymes AChE A and AChE B by covalent bonding. The enzymatic activity was detected through the peak current corresponding to the product of the occurrence between AChEs and the substrate acetylthiocholine iodide (ATChI), thiocholine (TCh). After the studies to optimize the conditions for both biosensors, they presented enzymatic activity responses up to the thirteenth day after the immobilization of AChEs on the electrodes. The inhibition studies with organophosphate malathion reached detection limits of 9.1 nmol L-1 for AChE A and 4.7 nmol L-1 for AChE B. Thus, the extracts of Solanum lycocarpum and Ocotea sp. were applied for inhibition studies and provided different inhibitory activity profiles between themselves and for each enzyme. The extract of Solanum lycocarpum obtained 80% inhibition against AChE A, being a promising extract for future studies in the search for natural insecticides for leaf-cutting ants. The developed biosensors are a new tool for screening extracts with potent insecticidal activities.
Comportamento motor e a participação no ambiente domiciliar de lactentes nascidos prematuros e a termo: estudo longitudinal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12) Fritsch, Stefani Raquel Sales; Tudella, Eloisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-7350; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1824995460784425; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-1219
Prematurity is a biological risk factor that may affect the central nervous system. Premature infants may present delays in the acquisition and improvement of motor skills when compared to at term infants. It is estimated that 14 million preterm infants were born in 2020 worldwide. The biopsychosocial approach is paramount to the understanding of direct or indirect impacts of biological and environmental risks on child development. Due to differences in motor development trajectories between premature and at term infants, it is necessary to evaluate motor development both qualitatively and quantitatively, together with its various relevant factors. This is achievable by a combination of assessment instruments, such as the Infant Motor Profile (IMP), Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development – Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) and the Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM). Objectives: Compare and identify in which domains of the Infant Motor Profile infants born prematurely may present delays in relation to at term infants and verify whether there are associations between the motor development of infants, participation and affordances present in the home environment according to the biopsychosocial model. Method: Prospective longitudinal study on a convenience sample. 72 infants, subdivided between preterm (32) and at term (35), participated in the study. Infants were monthly evaluated from their sixth to their tenth month of age, corrected if preterm. Neither infants with genetic alterations, nor only twice evaluated were included. Assessments were performed in accordance to the biopsychosocial model. Motor development was assessed by the total IMP score and of its domains: variation, performance, adaptability, symmetry and fluency. The covariates which were accounted for were participation and affordances in the home environment, personal and contextual factors. Participation was assessed by the YC-PEM, translated and adapted to the Brazilian context, considering its raw score, frequency and involvement means. Affordances were assessed by AHEMD-IS, considering total questionnaire score, physical space, variety of stimuli, gross and fine motor toys. Remaining contextual factors were sex, birthweight, head circumference at birth, jaundice at birth, maternal age, maternal marital status, maternal education, number of adults and children in the household, type of residence, whether infant attends daycare, per capita income and socioeconomic status measured by the poverty income ratio associated with maternal education. Different comparison tests were carried out, depending on data homogeneity, as well as mixed linear regression tests with p > 0.05. Results: At 7 months, preterm infants presented significantly lower adaptability score (U = 331.50; p = 0.006; moderate effect size, r = 0.34) and significantly higher fluency score (U = 366.50; p = 0.012; small effect size, r = 0.28) relative to at term infants. Factors positively associated with motor development were: higher family income (β = 0.30; p = 0.025) for the variation domain; greater variety of AHEMD-IS stimuli (β = 2.96; p = 0.014), greater family income (β = 0.45; p = 0.035) and greater maternal age (β = 0.21; p = 0.036) for the adaptability domain; house residency type (β = 3.40; p = 0.036) and larger head circumference at birth (β = 1.05; p = 0.001) for the fluency domain; house residency type (β = 3.92; p = 0.025) for the performance domain; excellent to adequate (β = 1.30; p = 0.005) and from moderately or less than adequate to excellent (β = 1.27; p = 0.005) AHEMD-IS stimuli variety, gender male (β = 1.32; p = 0.024) and higher family income (β = 0.31; p = 0.008), for the total IMP score. Age was a positive factor for all domains and the IMP total score (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: At 7 months, preterm infants presented higher scores in the adaptability domain and lower scores in the fluency domain ]when compared to at term infants. Results showed that higher monthly income, greater stimuli variety, greater maternal age, greater head circumference at birth, house residency type, being male and age are positively associated with motor development. Contributions: Information pertaining to differences between motor development trajectories of preterm and at term infants were obtained, as well as about which contextual factors are associated with motor development components. This study contributes to the understanding of consequences of prematurity and contextual factors for motor development, thereby enabling health professionals to provide better guidance to parents of infants with motor delay.
Prospecção de microalgas brasileiras: caracterização bioquímica, metabólitos especializados e bioatividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12) Sampaio, Renata Porto; Crnkovic, Camila Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1428361813882733; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-9031; Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4335-1460; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2611717694531805; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7108-1053
Microalgae, form a heterogeneous and polyphyletic group of photosynthetic microorganisms. Their primary and secondary metabolites have brought attention to this group as a source of natural products of commercial interest. Many metabolites are unique to microalgae. This chemical diversity offered by microalgae is a niche of opportunity for searching promising molecules, especially when several biological activities, such as antibacterial and anticancer action, have already been described and the group has been barely explored. Thus, this research sought to characterize the composition of primary and secondary metabolites of four microalgae, Ankistrodesmus arcuatus, Radiococcus sp, Sorastrum bengalicum and Chlorolobion braunii. A. arcuatus was noteworthy to produce lipids, which represent 39.59 % ± 5.72 % of its dry weight. The species C. braunii was noted in relation of proteins amount per culture volume, 0.00193 mg/mL. While S. bengalicum and Radiococcus sp had the highest percentage of carbohydrates, 2,3 ± 0,5 and 2,0 ± 1,0 µg/mL, respectively. The latter also had the highest content of total carotenoids. Regarding the analysis of secondary metabolite production, metabolomic analyses of algal extracts obtained in different growth phases were performed using mass spectrometry, employing UPLC-HRMS/MS. The species A. arcuatus showed the highest number of distinct metabolites in the exponential growth phase. The species S. bengalicum showed the greatest distinction of metabolites between exponential and stationary phases of growth. And the species C. braunii showed the greatest similarity. Our data suggest that the growth phase, among the compared growth phases, influences both the number and features themselves present in each species, representing a relevant factor in the discovery of novel molecules. Antimicrobial activity-guided dereplication identified potential features that may be compounds of interest, and with further technical analysis, they may lead to the identification of potentially novel chemical formulas.
Leitores orgulhosos, leitores envergonhados: as emoções em discursos sobre a leitura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12) Curcino, Luzmara; Leite, Paul Fernand da Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5773816449299929; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3555-1446; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-258X
Alocação de recursos em comunidades carentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12) Campos Tinoco, Paola Viviana; Vieira, José Geraldo Vidal; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2068340476477363; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-2652; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5125330186376976; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8863-3213
The allocation of resources in underserved communities is a complex task that requires a careful and inclusive approach. A gap in current research is the lack of consideration for residents' preferences in resource allocation methodologies, leading to poorly designed policies that may not adequately reflect the realities of the challenges faced by communities at the base of the pyramid. Furthermore, multicriteria decision-making is increasingly being used to support resource allocation in communities due to its ability to account for competing objectives, represent community preferences, and provide transparent resource allocation. In this context, the aim of this study was to apply a multicriteria methodology that integrates the perspectives of residents and decision-makers in resource allocation for underserved communities. The research was conducted in two stages: (1) analysis of residents' characteristics that influence their preferences for resources such as education, health, employment, and infrastructure, using statistical methods like ordinal logistic regression; and (2) integration of these preferences into an allocation framework based on the model proposed by Vieira (2024), validated through the EQUITY software in a case study in Votorantim-SP. The main findings indicated that demographic characteristics such as gender, age, and length of residence significantly influence residents' resource choices. Moreover, incorporating community preferences resulted in allocation strategies better aligned with local needs, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach in supporting public managers in the formulation of more equitable policies.
Financeirização e espaços sociais: as Zonas Especiais de Interesse Social (ZEIS) como mercado contestado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12) Pimenta, Ana Clara de Almeida; Pulhez, Magaly Marques; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3190225564971907; Donadone, Julio César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7659578995025432
The rapprochement between the financial sector and the built environment requires a constant metamorphosis of the strategies used to appropriate space. Characterized by the fixity and and because it is finite, land as a commodity imposes on capital the challenge of constantly exploring and expanding new frontiers so that it can explore and appropriate the potential income from the circumscribed perimeters of the metropolis. In contrast to this advance, the Special Zones of Social Interest (SZSI) have come as a disruptive force, constituting “urban borders” demarcated in an attempt to prevent speculative processes with the aim of transforming cities into more just, inclusive and democratic ones. Their demarcation brings with it collective struggles against historically legitimized inequalities led by segments of the population unable to access housing through the formal housing market. However, having been conceived as “non-market” spaces, prioritizing social well-being over purely market dynamics in their regulations, these areas have been transformed into new frontiers of expansion for capital, becoming a support for more sophisticated forms of market, financialization. Given this scenario, this thesis seeks to understand how areas of SZSI III and V, which appear as non-market spaces, become new frontiers for the installation of capital. In an effort to complete the aforementioned task, the study uses the theory of contested markets, developed by Ph.D. Philippe Steiner and Ph.D. Dr. Marie Trespeuch. Through this theory, the aim is to understand how these spaces have become a place of conflict where different agents seek to influence legal and regulatory structures in their favor.
Uma análise situacional das contribuições do método terapia ocupacional dinâmica para inserção social de crianças autistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12) Cestari, Leila Maria Quiles; Marcolino, Taís Quevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7197838515800679; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-5118; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7360422922052260; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-7869
The Development of the Dynamic Occupational Therapy Method (MTOD) began in the 1970s with occupational therapist Jô Benetton. The care provided under the principles of the MTOD occurs through its unique and continuous concepts and processes: constructing the situational diagnosis, managing the dynamics of the triadic relationship, conducting dialogical evaluations to build meaning, and expanding health spaces in daily life. Its ultimate goal is the social inclusion of the target individual.Care for autistic children is immersed in contemporary tensions, incorporating practices centered on addressing deficits and normalizing behaviors for social interaction, advocacy movements by autistic individuals promoting the neurodiversity perspective, education and healthcare institutions, and issues of profitability. The MTOD aims to support occupational therapists’ practice by moving away from the medical and rehabilitative paradigm, establishing a singular, non-protocol-driven approach guided by the needs, desires, and strengths of the target individual within the complexities and contingencies of their situation.To describe processes that highlight the contributions of MTOD to the social inclusion of autistic children, this research adopts a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive design using the methodology of Situational Analysis (SA). Participants included three occupational therapists with at least five years of clinical training in MTOD, two children receiving therapy from these occupational therapists, and one adult who had received therapy as a child, along with their families and team members identified as relevant for understanding aspects of social inclusion.Data were collected through interviews using semi-structured guides for occupational therapists and open-ended questions for family members and team members. Additionally, creative methodologies were employed with the children, including photography, augmentative and alternative communication resources, and the associative trails technique. Data were analyzed through SA, generating three types of maps: situational, social world/arena, and positional maps.The results integrated the constructed maps and the human actors' discourse, culminating in the following categories: the meeting with the occupational therapist, situational diagnosis, management of the triadic relationship, the setting, the "fourth term," the construction and expansion of health spaces, the building of meanings, and MTOD with autistic individuals. It was observed that the children initially had restricted activity repertoires and interests focused on hyperfixations. Occupational therapists began expanding and constructing health spaces based on these interests, introducing new activity possibilities aligned with the child’s desires, fostering an affective relationship through positive transference. Expansions initiated in the occupational therapy setting, deemed significant by the individuals and their families, extended into health spaces within their daily lives, supported by key adults, thereby promoting social inclusion in an ethical and aesthetic manner.This research reveals a form of care for autistic children that aligns with their own desires: an intervention rooted in respect and a thoughtful understanding of individual needs, rejecting fragmented practices that address only isolated aspects. The study discusses limitations, particularly regarding intersectional issues, and suggests directions for future research.We hope to expand dialogues, reflections, and knowledge about treatment possibilities for autistic children, contributing to professional and academic advancements in occupational therapy. Additionally, we aim to foster necessary transformations in care practices for children, reflecting their contextual needs and desires.