Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2024-12-12"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 2854

Prospecção de microalgas brasileiras: caracterização bioquímica, metabólitos especializados e bioatividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12)
Sampaio, Renata Porto
;
Crnkovic, Camila Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1428361813882733
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-9031
;
Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
Microalgae, form a heterogeneous and polyphyletic group of photosynthetic microorganisms. Their primary and secondary metabolites have brought attention to this group as a source of natural products of commercial interest. Many metabolites are unique to microalgae. This chemical diversity offered by microalgae is a niche of opportunity for searching promising molecules, especially when several biological activities, such as antibacterial and anticancer action, have already been described and the group has been barely explored. Thus, this research sought to characterize the composition of primary and secondary metabolites of four microalgae, Ankistrodesmus arcuatus, Radiococcus sp, Sorastrum bengalicum and Chlorolobion braunii. A. arcuatus was noteworthy to produce lipids, which represent 39.59 % ± 5.72 % of its dry weight. The species C. braunii was noted in relation of proteins amount per culture volume, 0.00193 mg/mL. While S. bengalicum and Radiococcus sp had the highest percentage of carbohydrates, 2,3 ± 0,5 and 2,0 ± 1,0 µg/mL, respectively. The latter also had the highest content of total carotenoids. Regarding the analysis of secondary metabolite production, metabolomic analyses of algal extracts obtained in different growth phases were performed using mass spectrometry, employing UPLC-HRMS/MS. The species A. arcuatus showed the highest number of distinct metabolites in the exponential growth phase. The species S. bengalicum showed the greatest distinction of metabolites between exponential and stationary phases of growth. And the species C. braunii showed the greatest similarity. Our data suggest that the growth phase, among the compared growth phases, influences both the number and features themselves present in each species, representing a relevant factor in the discovery of novel molecules. Antimicrobial activity-guided dereplication identified potential features that may be compounds of interest, and with further technical analysis, they may lead to the identification of potentially novel chemical formulas.
Biossensores contendo acetilcolinesterases de formigas cortadeiras para screening de potenciais inseticidas naturais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12)
Araújo, Sean dos Santos
;
Fernandes, João Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7181896069596980
Some of the agricultural pests most responsible for damage and losses are leaf-cutting ants (genus Atta and Acromyrmex). This insect causes damage in agricultural and forestry areas, mainly in monocultures, such as Pinus, Eucalyptus, Gmelina and Citrus. The application of chemical compounds such as organophosphates and carbamates to control ants can have a negative impact on the environment and human health. Based on this, in the present work, two electrochemical biosensors based on acetylcholinesterases from leaf-cutting ants were developed to detect potential inhibitors from plant extracts. For the development of the biosensors, the electrodes were screen-printed on polyester foil using carbon and Ag/AgCl-based inks. The modification of the surface of the working electrode was necessary for the immobilization of the enzymes AChE A and AChE B by covalent bonding. The enzymatic activity was detected through the peak current corresponding to the product of the occurrence between AChEs and the substrate acetylthiocholine iodide (ATChI), thiocholine (TCh). After the studies to optimize the conditions for both biosensors, they presented enzymatic activity responses up to the thirteenth day after the immobilization of AChEs on the electrodes. The inhibition studies with organophosphate malathion reached detection limits of 9.1 nmol L-1 for AChE A and 4.7 nmol L-1 for AChE B. Thus, the extracts of Solanum lycocarpum and Ocotea sp. were applied for inhibition studies and provided different inhibitory activity profiles between themselves and for each enzyme. The extract of Solanum lycocarpum obtained 80% inhibition against AChE A, being a promising extract for future studies in the search for natural insecticides for leaf-cutting ants. The developed biosensors are a new tool for screening extracts with potent insecticidal activities.
Alocação de recursos em comunidades carentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12)
Campos Tinoco, Paola Viviana
;
Vieira, José Geraldo Vidal
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2068340476477363
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-2652
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5125330186376976
The allocation of resources in underserved communities is a complex task that requires a careful and inclusive approach. A gap in current research is the lack of consideration for residents' preferences in resource allocation methodologies, leading to poorly designed policies that may not adequately reflect the realities of the challenges faced by communities at the base of the pyramid. Furthermore, multicriteria decision-making is increasingly being used to support resource allocation in communities due to its ability to account for competing objectives, represent community preferences, and provide transparent resource allocation. In this context, the aim of this study was to apply a multicriteria methodology that integrates the perspectives of residents and decision-makers in resource allocation for underserved communities. The research was conducted in two stages: (1) analysis of residents' characteristics that influence their preferences for resources such as education, health, employment, and infrastructure, using statistical methods like ordinal logistic regression; and (2) integration of these preferences into an allocation framework based on the model proposed by Vieira (2024), validated through the EQUITY software in a case study in Votorantim-SP. The main findings indicated that demographic characteristics such as gender, age, and length of residence significantly influence residents' resource choices. Moreover, incorporating community preferences resulted in allocation strategies better aligned with local needs, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach in supporting public managers in the formulation of more equitable policies.
Leitores orgulhosos, leitores envergonhados: as emoções em discursos sobre a leitura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12)
Curcino, Luzmara
;
Leite, Paul Fernand da Cunha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5773816449299929
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3555-1446
Comportamento motor e a participação no ambiente domiciliar de lactentes nascidos prematuros e a termo: estudo longitudinal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12)
Fritsch, Stefani Raquel Sales
;
Tudella, Eloisa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-7350
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1824995460784425
Prematurity is a biological risk factor that may affect the central nervous system. Premature infants may present delays in the acquisition and improvement of motor skills when compared to at term infants. It is estimated that 14 million preterm infants were born in 2020 worldwide. The biopsychosocial approach is paramount to the understanding of direct or indirect impacts of biological and environmental risks on child development. Due to differences in motor development trajectories between premature and at term infants, it is necessary to evaluate motor development both qualitatively and quantitatively, together with its various relevant factors. This is achievable by a combination of assessment instruments, such as the Infant Motor Profile (IMP), Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development – Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) and the Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM). Objectives: Compare and identify in which domains of the Infant Motor Profile infants born prematurely may present delays in relation to at term infants and verify whether there are associations between the motor development of infants, participation and affordances present in the home environment according to the biopsychosocial model. Method: Prospective longitudinal study on a convenience sample. 72 infants, subdivided between preterm (32) and at term (35), participated in the study. Infants were monthly evaluated from their sixth to their tenth month of age, corrected if preterm. Neither infants with genetic alterations, nor only twice evaluated were included. Assessments were performed in accordance to the biopsychosocial model. Motor development was assessed by the total IMP score and of its domains: variation, performance, adaptability, symmetry and fluency. The covariates which were accounted for were participation and affordances in the home environment, personal and contextual factors. Participation was assessed by the YC-PEM, translated and adapted to the Brazilian context, considering its raw score, frequency and involvement means. Affordances were assessed by AHEMD-IS, considering total questionnaire score, physical space, variety of stimuli, gross and fine motor toys. Remaining contextual factors were sex, birthweight, head circumference at birth, jaundice at birth, maternal age, maternal marital status, maternal education, number of adults and children in the household, type of residence, whether infant attends daycare, per capita income and socioeconomic status measured by the poverty income ratio associated with maternal education. Different comparison tests were carried out, depending on data homogeneity, as well as mixed linear regression tests with p > 0.05. Results: At 7 months, preterm infants presented significantly lower adaptability score (U = 331.50; p = 0.006; moderate effect size, r = 0.34) and significantly higher fluency score (U = 366.50; p = 0.012; small effect size, r = 0.28) relative to at term infants. Factors positively associated with motor development were: higher family income (β = 0.30; p = 0.025) for the variation domain; greater variety of AHEMD-IS stimuli (β = 2.96; p = 0.014), greater family income (β = 0.45; p = 0.035) and greater maternal age (β = 0.21; p = 0.036) for the adaptability domain; house residency type (β = 3.40; p = 0.036) and larger head circumference at birth (β = 1.05; p = 0.001) for the fluency domain; house residency type (β = 3.92; p = 0.025) for the performance domain; excellent to adequate (β = 1.30; p = 0.005) and from moderately or less than adequate to excellent (β = 1.27; p = 0.005) AHEMD-IS stimuli variety, gender male (β = 1.32; p = 0.024) and higher family income (β = 0.31; p = 0.008), for the total IMP score. Age was a positive factor for all domains and the IMP total score (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: At 7 months, preterm infants presented higher scores in the adaptability domain and lower scores in the fluency domain ]when compared to at term infants. Results showed that higher monthly income, greater stimuli variety, greater maternal age, greater head circumference at birth, house residency type, being male and age are positively associated with motor development. Contributions: Information pertaining to differences between motor development trajectories of preterm and at term infants were obtained, as well as about which contextual factors are associated with motor development components. This study contributes to the understanding of consequences of prematurity and contextual factors for motor development, thereby enabling health professionals to provide better guidance to parents of infants with motor delay.
Potencial de aplicação de nanopartículas de prata produzidas pela síntese verde utilizando os fungos endofíticos Fusarium spp. e Penicillium spp.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12)
Garcia, Laisa Adriana de Paula Luizon
;
Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7151-5085
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9186603516647589
In the post-pandemic scenario, where concern about ways to protect against bacteria and viruses has increased, the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in fabrics stands out as an approach less susceptible to microbial resistance. These materials can be incorporated into clothing, masks, and personal protective equipment (PPE), providing additional barriers against pathogen infections and enhancing the quality and lifespan of fabrics. In the context of sustainable production, the green synthesis of AgNPs represents a sustainable and efficient alternative for producing materials with antimicrobial properties. This study investigated the potential for fabricating AgNPs using fermentation broths of the endophytic fungi Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. isolated from the plant Polygala paniculata, native to the Atlantic Forest. The green synthesis conducted with the broth of Fusarium sp. produced AgNPs (NPs-F) with an average diameter of 59 nm, while the AgNPs produced by the Penicillium sp. broth (NPs-P) had an average diameter of 85 nm. Regarding antimicrobial activity, NPs-F showed greater bactericidal and antibiofilm potential, requiring a much higher concentration of NPs-P to achieve the same results observed with NPs-F. It was also noted that the fermentation broth of Penicillium sp. demonstrated much higher synthesis efficiency, producing approximately 2,54 × 1010 particles/mL, double the amount of AgNPs produced by the Fusarium sp. broth. Despite this, the efficiency of green synthesis remains a challenge to be addressed, with relatively low conversions of AgNO3 into AgNPs, requiring optimizations to enable its production on an industrial scale
Uma análise situacional das contribuições do método terapia ocupacional dinâmica para inserção social de crianças autistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12)
Cestari, Leila Maria Quiles
;
Marcolino, Taís Quevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7197838515800679
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-5118
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7360422922052260
The Development of the Dynamic Occupational Therapy Method (MTOD) began in the 1970s with occupational therapist Jô Benetton. The care provided under the principles of the MTOD occurs through its unique and continuous concepts and processes: constructing the situational diagnosis, managing the dynamics of the triadic relationship, conducting dialogical evaluations to build meaning, and expanding health spaces in daily life. Its ultimate goal is the social inclusion of the target individual.Care for autistic children is immersed in contemporary tensions, incorporating practices centered on addressing deficits and normalizing behaviors for social interaction, advocacy movements by autistic individuals promoting the neurodiversity perspective, education and healthcare institutions, and issues of profitability. The MTOD aims to support occupational therapists’ practice by moving away from the medical and rehabilitative paradigm, establishing a singular, non-protocol-driven approach guided by the needs, desires, and strengths of the target individual within the complexities and contingencies of their situation.To describe processes that highlight the contributions of MTOD to the social inclusion of autistic children, this research adopts a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive design using the methodology of Situational Analysis (SA). Participants included three occupational therapists with at least five years of clinical training in MTOD, two children receiving therapy from these occupational therapists, and one adult who had received therapy as a child, along with their families and team members identified as relevant for understanding aspects of social inclusion.Data were collected through interviews using semi-structured guides for occupational therapists and open-ended questions for family members and team members. Additionally, creative methodologies were employed with the children, including photography, augmentative and alternative communication resources, and the associative trails technique. Data were analyzed through SA, generating three types of maps: situational, social world/arena, and positional maps.The results integrated the constructed maps and the human actors' discourse, culminating in the following categories: the meeting with the occupational therapist, situational diagnosis, management of the triadic relationship, the setting, the "fourth term," the construction and expansion of health spaces, the building of meanings, and MTOD with autistic individuals. It was observed that the children initially had restricted activity repertoires and interests focused on hyperfixations. Occupational therapists began expanding and constructing health spaces based on these interests, introducing new activity possibilities aligned with the child’s desires, fostering an affective relationship through positive transference. Expansions initiated in the occupational therapy setting, deemed significant by the individuals and their families, extended into health spaces within their daily lives, supported by key adults, thereby promoting social inclusion in an ethical and aesthetic manner.This research reveals a form of care for autistic children that aligns with their own desires: an intervention rooted in respect and a thoughtful understanding of individual needs, rejecting fragmented practices that address only isolated aspects. The study discusses limitations, particularly regarding intersectional issues, and suggests directions for future research.We hope to expand dialogues, reflections, and knowledge about treatment possibilities for autistic children, contributing to professional and academic advancements in occupational therapy. Additionally, we aim to foster necessary transformations in care practices for children, reflecting their contextual needs and desires.
Financeirização e espaços sociais: as Zonas Especiais de Interesse Social (ZEIS) como mercado contestado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-12)
Pimenta, Ana Clara de Almeida
;
Pulhez, Magaly Marques
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3190225564971907
;
Donadone, Julio César
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
The rapprochement between the financial sector and the built environment requires a constant metamorphosis of the strategies used to appropriate space. Characterized by the fixity and and because it is finite, land as a commodity imposes on capital the challenge of constantly exploring and expanding new frontiers so that it can explore and appropriate the potential income from the circumscribed perimeters of the metropolis. In contrast to this advance, the Special Zones of Social Interest (SZSI) have come as a disruptive force, constituting “urban borders” demarcated in an attempt to prevent speculative processes with the aim of transforming cities into more just, inclusive and democratic ones. Their demarcation brings with it collective struggles against historically legitimized inequalities led by segments of the population unable to access housing through the formal housing market. However, having been conceived as “non-market” spaces, prioritizing social well-being over purely market dynamics in their regulations, these areas have been transformed into new frontiers of expansion for capital, becoming a support for more sophisticated forms of market, financialization. Given this scenario, this thesis seeks to understand how areas of SZSI III and V, which appear as non-market spaces, become new frontiers for the installation of capital. In an effort to complete the aforementioned task, the study uses the theory of contested markets, developed by Ph.D. Philippe Steiner and Ph.D. Dr. Marie Trespeuch. Through this theory, the aim is to understand how these spaces have become a place of conflict where different agents seek to influence legal and regulatory structures in their favor.
A alfabetização científica e o desenvolvimento de situações desencadeadoras de aprendizagem: sobre a importância ecológica do uso da água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Santos, Alessandro Cardoso
;
Tedeschi, Wania
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5743322664981581
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7188-3574
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9394581165093179
This dissertation presents a qualitative study employing descriptive and interpretive approaches through the analysis of students' discourse. The research question guiding this study is: How do elementary school students participate in natural science activities within a learning-triggering situation aimed at scientific literacy? The objective is to analyze students' statements for indications of conceptual elements regarding the ecological use of water. The focus of the analysis lies in the students' interactions during a study activity, framed within a conceptual teaching proposal for the process of scientific literacy, involving hypothesis generation and problem-solving through local newspaper reports on water scarcity. The study aims to describe and interpret students' interactions in study activities, particularly during analytical debates and conceptual synthesis proposed in the Learning-Triggering Situation (LTS). Students' statements were analyzed to identify conceptual elements related to the ecological use of water and its historical importance during participation in a teaching activity designed to foster synthesis within the individual-group-class relational dynamic. Data for this study were collected during a pedagogical intervention involving thirty fifth-grade students at a public school in Campinas, São Paulo, in 2024. Classroom sessions were recorded in audio and video formats,transcribed, and analyzed using the theoretical framework of Cultural-Historical Theory, with an emphasis on conceptual teaching. The data analysis was grounded in the hypothesis that the pedagogical approach to science teaching, framed within an Everyday-Emerging Situation, prompted intentional expressions from students. These expressions indicated a conceptual synthesis and relationships between the specific problem presented in the activity—particularly issues related to water usage—and the general ecological concept, connecting to fundamental scientific concepts of ecology regarding water as a resource. As part of the outcomes of this research, an educational product was developed, synthesizing the actions of the Teaching-Guided Activity for the implementation of the Learning Trigger Situation conducted in the study.
Institucionalização da educação híbrida: um estudo sobre o uso de tecnologias digitais em instituições públicas de ensino superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Mauricio, Gustavo Carvalho
;
Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8336-3645
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1121415260674004
This research aims to analyze the institutionalization of Hybrid Education, focusing on the incorporation of Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) in face-to-face courses within public higher education institutions. It considers technical, communicational, normative, and pedagogical aspects. Data analysis was conducted with the support of the Parsif.al tool, whose methodology facilitated the extraction and synthesis of information. The research is based on a Systematic Literature Review, using the SciELO, Capes Journals, and Web of Science databases to map and analyze articles published between 2003 and 2023. The review addresses technical, communicational, normative, and pedagogical aspects involved in the implementation of Distance Education and Hybrid Education, aiming to systematize the knowledge already disseminated on the subject. The methodological process included selecting studies based on strict criteria, such as the presence of descriptors in the title, abstract, or keywords, resulting in the inclusion of 46 relevant articles. Additionally, the Institutional Development Plans of ten Brazilian Public Higher Education Institutions were analyzed, observing various scenarios related to DICT implementation and integration strategies. The research suggests that, to achieve an effective integration of Hybrid Education in these institutions, it is essential to invest in well-defined institutional policies, ensure continuous technical support, and adapt pedagogical practices to meet the needs and challenges of the current educational context. These elements are essential for fostering a dynamic teaching and learning experience aligned with the demands of an increasingly digital society.
Aplicando criptografia no formato de rotação por estações de aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Lima, Eduardo Rodrigues
;
Carvalho, Silvia Maria Simões de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8244087426759161
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9519-9339
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1893084099794582
This paper explores the use of cryptography in the classroom with 8th and 9th grade classes in a regular school in the interior of the state of São Paulo. The content was covered in 6 class hours (300 minutes), starting with theoretical concepts already studied, such as prime numbers and divisibility, and moving on to the practical application of the activity of rotating through learning stations. In these activities, students faced deciphering and coding challenges, educational games, and individual and group tests. Although the RSA method requires knowledge of congruence and modular arithmetic, the coding and decoding steps were adapted to facilitate student understanding. The process involved moments of discussion, collaborative practice, competition, and fun, contributing to the development of new skills and the review of Mathematical concepts already worked on. The objective was to investigate the integration of Mathematical theory with practical activities, allowing students to see Mathematics beyond the abstract. With this approach, topics often seen only in theory gain a new perspective and become closer to the students' reality.
Entre a terra e o céu: habitação, verticalização e dinâmicas urbanas em São José do Rio Preto/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Lisbôa, Cristian Roberto Nazareth
;
Castro, Carolina Maria Pozzi de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2178910002833930
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1828-7615
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6793401519214462
This study analyzes residential verticalization and urban space use in São José do Rio Preto, a medium-sized municipality in the state of São Paulo, which has experienced intense growth in its real estate sector and significant transformations in its urban landscape over the past two decades. Set within a context of housing financialization and hyper-commodification, the phenomenon of vertical urbanization, increasingly present in cities across various global contexts, has profoundly shaped the spatial configurations and socio-economic and cultural dynamics of urban spaces. The research investigates how this trend manifested in São José do Rio Preto between 2000 and 2022, promoting substantial changes in the urban landscape and impacting the lives of its residents. Through a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses, the study evaluates the factors driving verticalization, exploring its causes, characteristics, and implications. The results reveal a significant increase in the number of apartments in the city, driven by factors such as changes in urban legislation, market pressures, and the activities of major urban developers, whose capital is frequently influenced by external markets. Spatial analysis, complemented by modeling techniques and the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), demonstrates an unequal distribution of verticalization across the Administrative Regions of São José do Rio Preto, with high-standard developments concentrated in the most valued areas; this growth pattern accentuates socio-economic and spatial disparities, relegating the lower-income population to peripheral areas. The study also broadens the analysis to the context of metropolitan regions in São Paulo, highlighting the polarization of verticalization in core cities, such as São José do Rio Preto and Ribeirão Preto, reinforcing their centrality as regional hubs of vertical development. The research further explores the growth dynamics of cities within the São José do Rio Preto Metropolitan Region, noting a localized expansion of verticalization in these areas, albeit with less impact than observed in the core city. This research contributes to the debate on the impact of verticalization on housing and urban development, considering the local setting and its connection to the regional context. It concludes that, although verticalization promotes urban densification, it also contributes to socio-spatial exclusion and the widening of inequalities, underscoring the need for more inclusive and sustainable public policies.
Experiências auto relatadas de ambientes de atividades (SEAS-BR): validade para o Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Peruzzo, Caroline Fernanda Bella
;
Pfeifer, Luzia Iara
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9065968448027440
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1826-1968
;
Branco
The Self-Reported Experiences of Activity Settings (SEAS) is a 22-item instrument designed to assess youths’ experiences in leisure activities, considering five areas: Personal Growth, Psychological Engagement, Social Belonging, Meaningful Interactions, and Choice and Control. The Brazilian version, SEAS-BR, was culturally adapted to assess the leisure experiences of Brazilian youth, being relevant for occupational therapy and inclusive interventions due to the lack of similar instruments. Objective: To validate the Brazilian version of SEAS-BR (Study 1) and to compare the choices of leisure activities of youths with typical development and physical disabilities (Study 2). The specific objectives were: (1) to evaluate its applicability in typical youths and those with physical disabilities (internal consistency); (2) to investigate discriminant validity between groups; (3) to verify the influences of gender, context, performance, and partners on the choice of activities. Method: Participants were 75 Brazilian young people, aged 14 to 23 years (50 with typical development and 25 with physical disabilities), fluent in Portuguese and with typical cognitive development (classified by the Mini Mental State Examination). Data were collected remotely (Google Forms and Google Meet) and in person (at locations chosen by the participants). Analyses were performed in SPSS 21, using the ChiSquare, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: In study 1, the SEAS-BR showed high internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.86 for typical young people and 0.91 for young people with physical disabilities. No significant differences were found between the remote and in-person collection modalities, indicating that both modalities are viable. Significant differences were observed between the typical and physically disabled groups in items related to mood (“excited”) and feelings during activities (“fun” and “interested”). In study 2, the leisure preferences of young people reflected sociocultural trends: boys preferred physical activities, while girls chose artistic and cultural practices. Young people with physical disabilities demonstrated greater adherence to sports activities, highlighting the importance of inclusive adaptations. Of the leisure categories, 9.3% of participants chose screenbased activities, 10.6% opted for musical activities, 44% for artistic and cultural activities, and 36% for sports activities. Significant differences were found in relation to learning new skills, improving in some activity, having good conversations, and personal development. Most young people (78.6%) chose group leisure activities, and these activities were associated with feelings of belonging, appreciation, and support, in addition to meaningful interactions, such as conversations and sharing of ideas. Conclusion: The SEAS-BR was validated as a reliable tool to assess the leisure experiences of typical young people and those with physical disabilities. This study reinforces the importance of expanding accessible and inclusive leisure options.
Competências e necessidades de formação para o atendimento de crianças, adolescentes e suas famílias em situação de abuso sexual: perspectivas de conselheiros tutelares.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Vicente, Aparecido Renan
;
Girão, Fernanda Berchelli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9999840170649511
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-0519
;
Carlos, Diene Monique
Child and adolescent sexual abuse remain a challenge to the health of children, adolescents and their families. Despite being legitimized and the first access in situations of rights violations, the Guardianship Council has weaknesses in terms of dealing with these situations. Objective: It is to understand the competencies and training needs of guardianship counselors for the care of children, adolescents and their families in situations of sexual abuse. Methods: This study was developed based on a scope review and a qualitative approach. The review followed the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute, with the following guiding question: What educational technologies are used to support the care of sexual violence against children and adolescents? Eight electronic libraries and databases were searched in March and April 2023, namely: Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD); VHL - Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences;PubMed; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL); Embase Biomedical AnswersScopus; Web of Science; ProQuest Dissertations; and American Psychological Association (APA PsycInfo). Regarding the qualitative study, it was anchored in the Paradigm of Complexity. The participants were 25 guardianship counselors recruited from snowball sampling. Data collection was performed in February and March 2023, through focus groups and semi-structured interviews on virtual platforms. Data analysis was carried out through reflective thematic analysis. Results: Concerning the scoping review, 14 studies were included. The technologies used to support the care of sexual abuse against children and adolescents were mostly classes with traditional methodologies, based on the discussion of concepts, consequences, identification and referrals in the face of this episode. In the qualitative study, three final themes appeared, namely: "Complexity of sexual abuse against children and adolescents"; "The performance of the Guardianship Council in the care of children, adolescents and their families in situations of sexual abuse"; and "Sexual abuse protection network involving children, adolescents and their families". Conclusions: The complexity necessary to understand and consequent care for sexual abuse was evidenced, especially because this violence happen in situations that involve and are interwoven with family, historical, cultural and social elements. To act in this context, there is a need to develop competencies that contemplate a polyocular vision, guided by humanization, welcoming, care coordination and comprehensiveness. The following implications were listed for the practice: (1) the development of skills for guardianship counselors who notice the multiplicity of elements present in the configuration of sexual abuse; (2) the permanent education of these professionals based on the realities experienced, covering topics such as humanization and welcoming, integrality of care, coordination of the care network; (3) the development of dialogued practices among the services present in the System for the Guarantee of the Children and Adolescents Rights to overcome reductionist conducts.
Estudo comparado das propostas educacionais para surdos no Brasil e no Uruguai
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Pinto, Milena Maria
;
Santos, Lara Ferreira dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7312070448044165
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-9346
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4207519162784448
La educación de los estudiantes sordos debe considerar la diferencia lingüística y cultural de los sujetos, teniendo una propuesta que priorice el desarrollo del lenguaje y la lengua de instrucción, que es la lengua de señas. Las principales modificaciones en el sistema educativo en diversos países en esta área fueron impulsadas por el reconocimiento de las lenguas de señas y los movimientos de inclusión. A partir de las discusiones sobre la educación de los sordos en América Latina, esta investigación tiene como objetivo comprender la educación para estudiantes sordos en Brasil y Uruguay, siendo una investigación en educación comparada, con enfoque cualitativo. La metodología se organizó en dos etapas: la primera etapa fue la identificación y discusión de documentos oficiales de los países que orientan la educación de los sordos; y la segunda, una investigación de campo en contextos educativos, acercándose a la realidad de los estudiantes sordos de dichos países. Se analizaron tres documentos oficiales brasileños, uno sobre el reconocimiento de la Libras, y los otros sobre la propuesta de educación bilingüe para sordos; y dos documentos uruguayos, uno sobre el reconocimiento de la LSU, y otro sobre aspectos de un modelo plurilingüe, intercultural y pluritecnológico para estudiantes sordos. En la investigación de campo, se realizaron observaciones y registros en un diario de campo de visitas realizadas a dos escuelas en Brasil y a una escuela en Uruguay. A partir de la interpretación de los datos, se definieron ejes temáticos para las reflexiones comparativas, siendo: organización y modelo educativo; enseñanza y uso de las lenguas; relaciones sociales; y al concluir los ejes presentados, discutimos el desarrollo lingüístico y el aprendizaje. Los resultados indican que los conceptos en los modelos educativos guían las prácticas de los profesionales, siendo una diferencia importante que el "plurilingüe" permite mayor libertad y circulación de las lenguas involucradas en la enseñanza, siendo menos rígido. Además, destacamos la importancia de ampliar las discusiones sobre la Educación Infantil y el papel del profesional sordo. Indicamos la necesidad de profundizar las discusiones sobre los modelos educativos ofrecidos, especialmente en relación a los conceptos bilingüe y plurilingüe, reflexionando desde una perspectiva de diferencia lingüística, (re)pensando las experiencias de los estudiantes sordos con el fin de fomentar el desarrollo humano en y a través de la lengua de señas, de forma que sea central en el desarrollo de los estudiantes sordos.
Estimativa de emissão de gases de efeito estufa e captura de carbono em fazenda de pecuária no Centro-Oeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Silva, Guilherme Amorim Ventriche Favero da
;
Costa, Vinicius Câmara
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6162409795305177
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7297-0853
;
Figueiredo, Eduardo Barretto de
According to the Low Carbon Agriculture Plan (ABC+), among the various strategies for recovering degraded areas, the introduction of integrated systems stands out as a highly profitable and sustainable alternative. The implementation of these systems promotes significant improvements in productivity, soil quality, and ecosystem balance, generating socio-economic and environmental benefits. In this context, the present study quantified greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through an inventory prepared according to the 2006 IPCC guidelines, in an area located in Serranópolis, Goiás. Four distinct scenarios were analyzed: Livestock-Forest Integration (ILF), Managed Pasture 1 (MP 1), Managed Pasture 2 (MP 2), and Eucalyptus Monoculture (EM). All systems originated from the conversion of a PM 1 area. To understand the dynamics of carbon stock, soil organic carbon, and the humification index of organic matter in each scenario, chemical and physical analyses of soil elements were performed using advanced photonic technologies such as Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (LIFS). The carbon footprint results indicated the following values: 14.7 kg CO₂eq kg⁻¹ of live weight gain (LWG) for the ILF system, 10.9 kg CO₂eq kg⁻¹ LWG for MP 1, and 17 kg CO₂eq kg⁻¹ LWG for MP 2. When considering the carbon balance, integrating all emission sources and carbon sequestration by aerial biomass in the IPF and EM systems, a negative balance of 15,267.33 tCO₂eq year⁻¹ was observed. Estimates suggest that carbon sequestration in the ILF system reached 5,673,439.2 kg CO₂eq year⁻¹, sufficient not only to offset all GHG emissions from this system but also to generate a potential credit of 4,547,484.03 kg CO₂eq year⁻¹. Additionally, the conversion from MP 1 to ILF indicated a soil carbon accumulation of 2.45 t C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, equivalent to the absorption of 8.98 t CO₂ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ from the atmosphere. For the EM system, considering the same baseline scenario and a period of 10 years after eucalyptus planting, a soil carbon accumulation of 0.24 t C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ was estimated, corresponding to the absorption of 0.88 t CO₂ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ from the atmosphere. These results highlight the relevance of integrated systems in the context of sustainable agriculture aligned with global climate goals.
Telereabilitação para a dor no ombro: efetividade do tratamento e autoeficácia para exercícios domiciliares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Gava, Vander
;
Camargo, Paula Rezende
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-4353
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9044224368702971
Shoulder pain is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal condition that imposes significant limitations on individuals' functionality and quality of life. Telerehabilitation is an emerging intervention that leverages digital technologies to deliver physical therapy remotely, potentially overcoming accessibility barriers. Additionally, psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy play a critical role in adherence to rehabilitation programs, necessitating valid tools for their measurement. This thesis integrates a systematic review, a translation and validation study, and a randomized controlled trial to explore the effectiveness of telerehabilitation and its interaction with self-efficacy in individuals with shoulder pain. Study 1 Objective: To systematically review the effectiveness of telerehabilitation in improving pain and disability in individuals with shoulder pain. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, Cochrane. Randomized controlled trials investigating telerehabilitation’s effects on pain and disability in individuals with shoulder pain were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and the evidence level was graded using the GRADE approach. Results and Conclusion: Six randomized controlled trials with 368 participants were included. Low evidence suggested no difference between telerehabilitation and in-person physiotherapy or home-based exercise programs for pain and disability. Telerehabilitation was superior to advice-only interventions in improving pain (effect size: 2.42) and disability (effect size: 1.61). Despite its potential, the low quality of evidence underscores the need for further high-quality trials to support telerehabilitation’s routine use. Study 2 Objective: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Self-Efficacy for Home Exercise Programs Scale (SEHEPS) from English to Brazilian Portuguese in individuals with chronic shoulder pain. Methods: The SEHEPS was translated and culturally adapted following international guidelines. Psychometric properties, including reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness, were assessed in a sample of individuals with shoulder pain over a 12-week clinical trial. Construct validity was examined through correlations with the Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale (CPSS) and the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS). Results and Conclusion: The Brazilian Portuguese SEHEPS demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC = 0.73) and internal consistency (α = 0.93). Construct validity was supported by moderate correlations with CPSS (ρ = 0.45) and EARS (ρ = 0.46). Responsiveness to clinical changes was confirmed over the intervention period. These findings validate the SEHEPS as a robust instrument for assessing self-efficacy in home exercise programs, with applications in clinical and research contexts. Study 3 Objective: To compare the effectiveness of telerehabilitation and in-person physiotherapy for treating individuals with chronic shoulder pain in a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 184 participants were randomized into telerehabilitation or in-person physiotherapy groups. Both groups underwent a 12-week exercise program targeting scapulothoracic muscles. Primary outcomes included pain and disability, measured by the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Secondary outcomes included self-efficacy, kinesiophobia, and satisfaction. Results and Conclusion: Telerehabilitation was not significantly different to in-person physiotherapy in improving SPADI scores (mean difference = -1.97; 95% CI: -9.10, 5.15) and comparable in reducing kinesiophobia and improving upper limb function. Non-inferiority remained inconclusive, however. Self-efficacy and satisfaction scores were higher in the in-person group. These results highlight telerehabilitation as a feasible and effective alternative, particularly for individuals with limited access to traditional care.
Atenção compartilhada e crianças pequenas com autismo: ensino de resposta e verificação da emergência da iniciativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Morais, Maria Rafaela Fernandes de
;
Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0584477226841026
Joint attention refers to a set of behaviors that allow an individual to engage with a social partner and an object of common interest. The literature on child development considers that the ability to share attention contributes to the development of language and other more complex behaviors. Children with autism tend to present more significant deficits in joint attention than typical children. In this sense, it is crucial to develop objective measures to assess and intervene early in behavioral deficits that impact the development of this population. The present research aimed to teach shared attention response behaviors and verify the emergence of the initiative. Three children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, aged between 4 and 5 years, participated in the research. A multiple-probe design was adopted, and the Baseline and Probe measurements were adopted, and the teaching procedure employed adaptations of three tasks from the Early Social Communication Scale (ESCS). The results indicated that the three children learned to respond to shared attention for the three tasks, but there was no emergence of the initiative to share attention. The procedure was efficient in teaching the behaviors of responding to shared attention, however, new studies must be carried out to analyze proximal and distal responding in tasks and their implications for the emergence of new performances.
Efeito de gradientes de distúrbio na estruturação, composição e diversidade de interações de redes hospedeiro-parasitoide
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Siqueira, Matheus Alves de
;
Montoya, Carolina Reigada
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5171685489598372
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-219X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9571183691947239
Landscape modifications resulting from the effects of fragmentation and habitat loss alter their physical structure and connectivity, influencing the availability and quality of resources, environmental factors, and the distribution patterns of local communities. In this context, the diversity of interactions established and the complexity of interaction networks between species are key factors for stability and ecosystem functions in these landscapes. Therefore, knowledge and understanding of the composition and organization of local communities and trophic interaction networks can be important tools for studies focused on the assessment, monitoring, development of strategies, and recovery of natural landscapes that have experienced or are experiencing anthropogenic disturbances or natural disruptions. Aiming to understand the impact of landscape alteration dynamics on community structure, this study aimed to estimate the abundance, species richness, complexity, and diversity of interaction networks in communities of parasitoid Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera on Croton floribundus (Euphorbiaceae) in areas with different gradients of preservation and disturbance, including: a Permanent Forest area, two areas with different restoration strategies (a Reforestation Area with natural processes and an Agro-silvopastoral System Area with anthropogenic processes), and an edge area between pasture and forest in restoration (non-restored area) at Fazenda Canchim, located in São Carlos – SP. Quantitative and descriptive analyses were used to estimate and compare biodiversity and species distribution in the four study areas, as well as the use of bipartite networks to study the structure, diversity, and organization of host-parasitoid interaction networks in the areas that compose the landscape as a whole.
Desidrogenação do ácido fórmico para produção de H2: desenvolvimento de catalisadores heterogêneos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Grasser, Giovanna de Amorim
;
Mascaro, Lucia Helena
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-1097
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8470378618887810
The study addresses the dehydrogenation of formic acid as a sustainable alternative for hydrogen production, emphasizing the development of heterogeneous catalysts. The growing interest in hydrogen as an energy carrier, combined with the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, positions formic acid as a promising liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC). With high energy storage potential and low toxicity, its selective dehydrogenation, generating H₂ and CO₂, is essential for applications in clean energy systems. The study highlights advancements in heterogeneous catalysis, exploring mono- and multimetallic catalysts, as well as supports and additives that enhance efficiency and stability. Catalysts based on Pd, metal alloys, and the use of supports and amine bases are shown to be strategic, especially when combined with approaches that reduce costs and improve catalytic performance. Finally, the understanding of reaction mechanisms and the integration of sustainable materials point to viable solutions aligned with the global energy transition