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Resistência e a luta pela água e acesso ao saneamento básico: o caso do assentamento rural Bela Vista Paranapanema/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-29)
Santos, Débora Cristina Souza dos
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Silva, André Pereira da
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Rodrigues Pantoja Filho, Jorge Luis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7139425471960071
This study delves deeper into the analysis of disparities in access to potable water and basic sanitation in marginalized communities, taking the Rural Settlement of Bela Vista as a case study. Founded 11 years ago, the settlement has faced the absence of an adequate potable water supply system since its creation, generating numerous difficulties for the community. Through a qualitative and quantitative approach, and under the perspective of Black epistemology, this research investigates the mobilization and resistance strategies adopted by the community, aiming to unveil sociospatial inequalities and human rights violations. The research reveals the fundamental role of Black leadership in this historical struggle and, for the first time, accompanies the community in the final preparations for the inauguration of the potable water supply system, a milestone in guaranteeing access to this basic right. By analyzing the relationship between the lack of access to basic services and environmental justice from a decolonial perspective, the research revealed the profound influence of historical processes on the current water crisis. The decolonization of practices and discourses on water proved to be fundamental to understanding and transforming this reality, paving the way for the construction of a more equitable and sustainable future.
The robust pickup and delivery problem with time windows
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-29)
Abreu, Alex Paranahyba de
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Costa, Luciano Carlos Azevedo da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3954372189546017
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6324-6556
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Munari, Pedro
This study addresses the robust pickup and delivery problem with time windows (RPDPTW), in which uncertainty in demands and travel times is modelled using robust optimisation. The RPDPTW involves determining the least-cost routes to serve transportation requests from origins to destinations, while respecting vehicle capacity and time window constraints under all anticipated realisations of uncertain data. Two robust counterpart formulations are proposed. The first employs the linearisation of recursive equations to produce a compact formulation, suitable for implementation with general-purpose mixed-integer programming solvers. The second relies on a cutting-plane approach, incorporated into a tailored branch-and-cut (B&C) algorithm. Extensive computational experiments were conducted to evaluate the proposed methods across diverse instance configurations. While the compact formulation performed effectively in some cases, the B&C algorithm solved a larger number of instances to optimality and consistently provided high-quality solutions under uncertainty. Robust solutions significantly reduced the risk of infeasibility compared to deterministic solutions, with modest increases in routing costs. In addition, we provide managerial insights by analysing the results of Monte Carlo simulations across different instance characteristics.
Comparação entre avaliação objetiva e subjetiva do comportamento sedentário de pessoas idosas brasileiras da comunidade: um estudo transversal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-29)
Berto, Nathalia Leite
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Gabriela, Cassemiliano
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Takahashi, Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8336705133403404
Introduction: Sedentary behavior (SB) is defined as a set of activities performed while awake in a sitting or lying position with an energy expenditure ≤ 1.5 METs. It is an indicator of mortality and is associated with various health risks, such as chronic diseases and functional decline in the older adults. Given its significant impact, accurately assessing sedentary behavior is crucial. Objective: To compare the objective and subjective assessment of SB in Brazilian older adults in the community and to analyze which activities are most performed in SB by this population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were older adults ≥ 60 years, members of the "Revitalização Geriátrica" extension project. Objective analysis was performed using accelerometry, considered the gold standard for SB assessment, and subjective analysis was performed using the LASA-SBQ questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on the same day that the accelerometer was attached to the participant, which was removed after 7 days. Data collection occurred during August and September 2021. Data analysis: Data normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. To compare the objectively and subjectively assessed SB, the Wilcoxon test was used, according to normality assumptions. Spearman's test was used to verify the correlation between SB variables. A significance level of 5% was adopted and the analysis was performed using SPSS 2.0 software. Results: No statistical difference was found between the objective and subjective assessment variables of SB, however, a significant, positive, and weak correlation was observed (r = 0.319), indicating that the variables cannot present the same behavior consistently and therefore, one assessment method cannot replace the other. The analysis of the most performed activities in SB showed that watching television was the most frequent, followed by talking on the phone, listening to music, and engaging in hobbies. Conclusion: The results did not identify statistical differences between the objective and subjective assessments of SB, but the weak correlation indicates that the methods are not consistent with each other. Therefore, one method cannot replace the other. This reinforces the importance of raising awareness among the older adults population about their SB habits to promote more effective interventions.
Regulação do crescimento de pimenta biquinho vermelha (Capsicum chinense) visando seu uso em ornamentação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-29)
Morales, Beatriz Romanini
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França, Christiane de Fátima Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0406702644219281
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1558-7476
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4249341558657717
One of the sectors of the Brazilian flowers and ornamental plants market that is booming is the decoration of internal spaces with potted plants. However, some species that have attractive ornamental characteristics are medium to tall, not adapting to cultivation in small pots, as the case of the Biquinho Vermelha pepper. One of the alternatives to reduce plant size is through the use of the growth regulator, paclobutrazol (PBZ). This work aimed to determine the effect of PBZ concentrations and application protocols on the ornamental quality and overall preference of plants. PBZ was applied in five concentrations by three different protocols. At commercial maturity, the plants were evaluated by various plant growth parameters regarding their size and characteristics of their crown, fruits and leaves, in addition to sensory analysis using the global preference test. PBZ produced plants with darker green leaves and its direct application, regardless of the time of application, was more effective in modulating plant growth parameters compared to application via immersion. Despite this, the sensory analysis showed a greater preference among evaluators for plants in which PBZ was applied in low concentrations (2.5 and 5 mg L-1) applied directly 30 days after transplanting or through immersion of the root/substrate system in the solutions. The application of PBZ directly to the cultivation substrate, during transplantation, cannot be recommended because, in addition to the lower overall preference, the plants contained a reduced number of fruits and these were smaller in length, which harmed the ornamental value of the plants. Thus, the application of paclobutrazol via or via direct application 30 days after transplanting at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg L-1 produced Biquinho Vermelha pepper plants with attractive ornamental characteristics, which could be a market alternative for producers of potted ornamental plants in addition to traditional growth control methods.
Ku phamela (servir) alimentos nas cerimônias é hierarquizar e violentar: uma perspectiva sobre direitos humanos e Estado em Maputo, Moçambique
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-30)
Bila, Josué Julião
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Leirner, Piero de Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883880276055777
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6485-027X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8114794394854674
This thesis examines how and why people serve themselves and are served food at marriage ceremonies in Maputo. I observed the way of ku phamela (serving) in the complex world of those celebrations and even in families, where to serve and be served is to fall into a category, sometimes of “person”, sometimes of “individual”. Observing the categorizations of people and individuals led me to understand the problems related to Mozambique's social structure, where hierarchies, privileges and violence are a symbolic weapon for the (de)qualification of social classes and positions. Perhaps this is the reason why in our state a dhla axurha (eats greedily) whoever is hierarchically superior and whoever has networks of intermediaries, in bureaucratic and political environments. Furthermore, when the Mozambican party-state imposed itself in 1975, even though it embodied the Marxist-Leninist ideology, it was, in practice, swallowed up by the mouth of social history, leaving it to reproduce, homologate and reinforce hierarchies, privileges and violence through its governmental and security apparatuses.
The effect of chemical composition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Nb-Mo thin films deposited by DCMS on AISI 316L substrate for biomedical applications
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-30)
Martinez Orozco, Katherine Judith
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Nascente, Pedro Augusto de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1387043320265189
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9155-031X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6301808903391335
The aim of this work is to study the effect of chemical composition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of five titanium β-alloys thin films: Ti74Nb21Mo5, Ti74Nb19M7, Ti72Nb19Mo9, Ti67Nb22Mo11, and Ti71Nb29 (as reference) deposited on AISI 316 L substrates. Films having thicknesses of 671 nm, 573 nm, 841 nm, and 963 nm were deposited by means of direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS). Microstructural characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). The mechanical properties were tested by means of nanoindentation test, residual stress, and potentiodynamic polarization test. In general, homogeneous thin films were obtained with nanometric grain sizes. The films exhibit clusters and pores. Compressive and tensile residual stress were measured, and expressive results correlating with the morphology of the films were found. As more homogeneous the thin film, the higher the compressive stress value. Inverse Hall-Petch relation was observed, explained by the decreasing in the hardness values simultaneously with decreasing in grain size.
Structural relaxation of glass and its influence on other dynamic processes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-30)
Lancelotti, Ricardo Felipe
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Edgar, Dutra Zanotto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3671237918412066
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6111-6520
Projeto de um tribômetro para ensaio de atrito e desgaste rotativo ou linear recíproco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-30)
Rosa, Bruno Barioni Ribeiro
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Watanabe, Flávio Yukio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6492641614740181
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9386719052146610
In the competitive industrial scenario, the search for innovative solutions that provide quality, efficiency, and durability to machines and equipment has demanded investment in research and testing of new materials, components, or lubricants before prototype construction. In this context, tribometers, equipment for testing friction, wear, lubricants, and lubrication regimes, are essential for preliminarily and comparatively analyzing different tribological alternatives under various loading conditions, types of motion, rotation/speed, lubrication, and temperature. The main objective of this work is the development of a low-cost pin-disc type tribometer design aimed at academic applications, with the unique feature of being capable of performing the tests established in ASTM G99-17 and ASTM G133-22 standards. The designed tribometer has two interchangeable modules that allow for performing either rotary or reciprocating linear tests between the tested elements, varying load, rotation, and lubrication condition. The designs and specifications of all components that make up the designed tribometer are presented at the end of the work and the expectation is that the construction and application of the tribometer will enable the development of teaching and research activities in Higher Education Institutions, contributing to the improvement of the training of undergraduate and graduate students in the field of engineering, as well as the development of technological solutions that can bring economic benefits to the industry and society in general.
ToMAS: Sumarização abstrativa multinível baseada em tópicos usando LLMs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-30)
Capellaro, Leonardo
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3996-8599
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Branco
Recently, political discussions in Brazil have gained prominence, becoming one of the most debated topics on social media. Factors such as the diversity of themes, the occurrence of events that attract public attention, and the constant increase in the volume of messages have made it challenging to identify in a clear, concise, and objective manner the main topics of the posts. In this context, this study proposes a new automated method that explores the use of automatic topic generation and multi-level summarization techniques using large-scale language models. The proposed method was evaluated to generate summaries from tweets about Brazilian politics collected during the 2022 presidential elections. In addition to the multi-level summarization method, a new summary evaluation method was also proposed, based on the divide and conquer strategy for applying the BERTScore automatic evaluation measure to lengthy texts, which also incorporates the generated sentence size as a weight in the evaluation score. Qualitative and quantitative analyses indicate that the combination of these techniques was able to successfully extract and summarize the main topics, demonstrating great potential to be a useful informative tool in the assessment of different opinions, issues, and topics publicly discussed.
Correções de Bartlett baseadas em bootstrap no modelo de regressão Dirichlet com parametrização baseada no vetor de médias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-30)
Vianna, Vinícius Morgado Rosa
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Pereira, Gustavo Henrique de Araujo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4536501674241631
In parametric regression models, it is common to be interested in testing hypotheses about the values of their parameters. In this regard, the most commonly used test when testing more than one parameter is the Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT). This test can be used, for example, to infer the parameters of the Dirichlet multivariate regression model, which is widely applied in modeling compositional data, i.e., multivariate positive observations summing to one. A problem with this test is that the distribution of its statistic under H0 may not be well approximated by the chi-square distribution in small samples, making the test too liberal. Thus, we consider a model with a specific parameterization of the Dirichlet distribution, where the parameters are a function of the mean vector, and apply a Bartlett correction factor based on bootstrap to the LRT statistic. In this way, the corrected test is expected to have a test statistic whose distribution under H0 is closer to the chi-square distribution, regardless of the sample size. The main objective of this study is to compare the performance of the tests resulting from the bootstrap corrections to the usual LRT. Monte Carlo simulation studies showed that the tests with the applied corrections achieved null rejection rates close to nominal levels in small and moderate sample sizes, while also demonstrating good power. An application on sleep stages illustrates the usefulness of these corrected tests.
Structural relaxation of glass and its influence on other dynamic processes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-30)
Lancelotti, Ricardo Felipe
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Zanotto, Edgar Dutra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4931-4505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3671237918412066
The physics of the glassy state is governed by two fundamental phenomena. The first is the liquid-to-glass transition, characterized by a kinetic constraint that restricts molecular rearrangement at a low enough temperature (or high enough viscosity), leading to the formation of a glass (unstable). The second is the spontaneous structural relaxation of glass back towards the metastable supercooled liquid state, wherein this constraint is overcome. This thesis investigates the mechanisms and effects of the spontaneous structural relaxation on the atomic configurations and macroscopic properties of single- and mixed-modifier oxide glasses. The research is organized into chapters that focus on: (i) the interplay between cooling rates and structural relaxation, studied using the flash-DSC technique; (ii) the kinetics of structural relaxation induced by physical aging, analyzed through changes in refractive index and ionic conductivity at various temperatures; (iii) the response of enthalpy recovery and refractive index of glasses to up- and down-jumps in fictive temperature, evaluated through the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts function and the Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan model; (iv) the network connectivity speciation and atomic rearrangements during structural relaxation in silicate glasses, analyzed using Raman and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy; and (v) the impact of slow structural changes due to the phenomenon of structural relaxation on ionic diffusion, which significantly influences the faster process of ionic conductivity in different glasses. The findings highlight the importance of understanding and controlling structural relaxation to design new glasses with optimized properties and ensure the long-term stability of these properties.
Aplicação de óleo essencial na preservação de produtos cárneos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-30)
Valdivino, Larissa Gabrielle Neri
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Matos, Andreia Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6155202940087696
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9502-116X
Essential oils (EOs), extracted from plant sources such as oregano, rosemary and thyme, have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that make them promising alternatives for preserving meat products. This paper reviews the application of these oils in the inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli; in the control of spoilage microorganisms, and in the reduction of lipid oxidation, with an emphasis on their integration into emerging technologies, such as edible films and active packaging. In addition, the sensory, nutritional and physicochemical impact of the use of EOs in fresh and processed meats was addressed. The review highlights benefits such as increased shelf life and the replacement of synthetic preservatives, in line with the demands for more natural and sustainable products. However, challenges such as the volatility of compounds and possible sensory alterations are addressed, indicating nanotechnology and encapsulation as potential solutions. It is concluded that EOs, in addition to meeting the demands of the food industry, have broad potential in synergy with other conservation strategies.
Gênero e Ciência: a trajetória das mulheres no Congresso de Ecologia do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-31)
Rosa, Julia Ghion de
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Rother, Débora Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2288957756143935
Since the 17th century, women have been marginalized in science, with their research and discoveries often appropriated, silenced, or ignored. Despite social and legal changes in recent decades, gender inequality persists, imposing distinct professional obstacles on men and women in their scientific careers. This study analyzes gender variation in publications from the Brazilian Ecology Congress available on the website of the Brazilian Society of Ecology, covering the years 2000, 2009, and 2019. Data were collected on the type of work, the number of authors, the gender of the main author and the total authors, as well as the percentage of women in each publication, with gender identification based on the first name, according to the common sense of the Portuguese language. Out of 130 works analyzed, 97 could not have the authors' gender identified due to the absence of the first name, and among the identified authors, 60% are women. This study highlights the importance of advancing the pursuit of gender equity in academia, promoting greater visibility and equal opportunities for women in science.
3D-printed aerogels and solution-blow spun fibers modified with metal-organic framework/molybdenum disulfide for adsorption and photodegradation of environmental contaminants
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-31)
Alves, Ana Laura Martins Mulkson
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Corrêa, Daniel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1324806626095208
3D-PRINTED AEROGELS AND SOLUTION-BLOW SPUN FIBERS MODIFIED WITH METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK/MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE FOR ADSORPTION AND PHOTODEGRADATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS. The removal of organic contaminants from aqueous systems, such as synthetic dyes, poses a significant challenge due to the limited efficiency of conventional methods typically employed. The presence of dyes in the environment can lead to various negative impacts, as these compounds often exhibit toxicity and persistence. In this context, the development of novel and efficient methods and materials capable of not only removing but also degrading such contaminants is imperative. In this work, a material based on MOF (metal-organic framework) MIL-88A and MoS₂ was synthesized to develop an efficient photocatalyst for environmental contaminant removal. Photodegradation tests using methylene blue (MB) as a model dye, with the material in powder form, demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 90 % within 120 min. To facilitate reuse and minimize photocatalyst aggregation in solution, the MOF/MoS₂ was immobilized onto two distinct platforms: I) aerogels fabricated via 3D printing and ii) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/SiO₂ fibers produced by solution blow spinning (SBS). The 3D-printed aerogels were fabricated using gelatin, carboxymethylcellulose, and alginate, incorporating 5 % and 7.5 % by weight of MOF/MoS₂, and were designated as HD (without MOF/MoS₂), HD/MOF/MoS₂ 5 %, and HD/MOF/MoS₂ 7.5 %. Adsorption tests showed efficiencies of 16.77 %, 28.66 %, and 95.86 %, respectively. In photodegradation experiments, all aerogels achieved efficiencies exceeding 80 %. The PVP/SiO₂ fibers produced by SBS underwent thermal treatment to for partial removal of the polymeric portion before incorporating MOF/MoS₂. In MB removal tests using PVP/SiO₂/MOF/MoS₂ fibers, efficiencies greater than 90 % were observed within 48 h. Additionally, the PVP/SiO₂ fibers contributed to both adsorption and photodegradation processes, suggesting a synergistic effect. Finally, the PVP/SiO₂/MOF/MoS₂ platform demonstrated versatility in removal other dyes and the antibiotic tetracycline. Thus, the results obtained for both platforms indicate their potential for mitigating environmental contaminants.
Avaliação de parâmetros físico-químicos do solo sob influência de dois tipos de serrapilheira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-31)
Limprich, Gabriel Enrique
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Rotta, Cláudia Marisse dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8142167187580488
The soil is an integral part of the earth's biosphere. On top of the soil is litter, made up of all the plant material produced by plants, whose main function is to supply the soil with nutrients. However, there are other parameters that influence the soil and should be assessed, such as pH and humidity. In this context, the following work sought to assess the influence of the litter produced in different areas of vegetation cover on different physical and chemical parameters of the soil. To this end, the Lagoa do Sino campus of the Federal University of São Carlos was chosen as the study area, where three sample areas were delimited within its boundaries: one in an agroforestry system (SAF), one in a remnant of native forest (FLO) and one of soil without defined use (SE). In order to assess the influence of leaf litter, we first sought to characterise it in terms of its productivity and moisture retention over a 10-month period, between January 2023 and October 2023, using rectangular collectors spaced in the sampling areas. At the same time, soil moisture was assessed at different depths during the same period. Subsequently, in single laboratory activities, different chemical parameters were evaluated, including organic matter (OM), hydrogen potential (pH), cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area (SE) and electrical conductivity (EC). From the results generated, it was possible to see a positive relationship between litter and soil moisture, where the sample area with the highest litter productivity had a greater capacity to retain moisture over the period assessed. The native forest remnant fragment showed great potential for litter productivity, especially in months with high rainfall (February and October), while the agroforestry system fragment showed low plant material production power due to its heterogeneous forest composition. As for the chemical parameters, due to the presence of Eucalyptus trees in the remnant native forest fragment, it was possible to see a decrease in the pH of the litter when compared to the SAF sample area and an increase in the specific surface area and cation exchange capacity, demonstrating greater capacity in the native area fragment to reduce erosion processes.
Além do campo: um estudo sobre as escolhas e influências do futebol profissional como Projeto de Vida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-31)
Paulo, Alexsandro Bergamini de
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Ramos, Glauco Nunes Souto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0134679842280022
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-2838
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5867469663508186
The Integral Education Program (PEI) has been introducing significant changes in schools, such as the implementation of new subjects and mandatory content, such as the “Life Project”, which aims to encourage young people to reflect on their choices for the future, preparing them for challenges and the “Youth Clubs”, whose main point is to provide organization autonomy for them. Within this scenario, many students start to worry about their life projects, with some considering having professional football as such. Given this, the proposed work seeks to analyze the reasons that lead students to have professional football as a Life Project. Could it be the media appeal, the love of playing football or economic and fame issues? The qualitative research involved contact with a PEI school where students who have professional football as a Life Project were enrolled and carrying out semi-structured interviews with the students to identify the motivations for this choice. For this work, six students were interviewed, four girls and two boys, bringing to light three distinct categories, namely: a) Personal motivations and challenges, highlighting the complexity in building a Life Project in football, influencing both sporting development and the formation of a resilient and determined identity; b) Sport and education in life, revealing an interaction between school demands and sporting involvement, where personal organization and Physical Education classes are fundamental for students; c) Professional future in football and beyond, indicating that the journey in professional football is marked by challenges, expectations and choices that impact both careers and life perspectives. In conclusion, the work identifies that the choices for professional football as a Life Project among young people are influenced by personal, family and social factors.
Estado da arte sobre Lepidoptera de importância forense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-31)
Goes, Luana Togni de
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Lhano, Marcos Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8089627474241345
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2760-5718
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6561844825407211
Interest in Lepidoptera in forensic entomology has grown in recent years, reflecting the need to establish a solid knowledge base to explore their potential in this area. Forensic entomology uses the biology of insects and arthropods in criminal investigations, especially assisting in the estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI), since insects are the first to colonize the crime scene and bodies. With scientific advances, the inclusion of Lepidoptera can improve the accuracy of criminal investigations and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the circumstances surrounding crimes. Therefore, the present study aimed to address the importance and relevance of moths and butterflies in forensic entomology based on published scientific works. The research was conducted based on reviews of studies published in peer-reviewed academic journals, using sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed and SciELO. The literature review revealed that these provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic, but highlights the need for further research and the development of specific methods for this group of insects. The ability of Lepidoptera to complement evidence obtained by other insects enriches forensic investigations, offering a more detailed analysis of the circumstances surrounding a crime. With scientific and technological advances, these insects have the potential to become a valuable tool in forensic entomology.
Efeitos do bloqueio da síntese de corticosterona nos testes de labirinto em cruz elevado e campo aberto em machos e fêmeas em diferentes fases do ciclo estral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-31)
Busnardo, Pedro Henrique Timossi
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Oliveira, Amanda Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4993675879410961
Corticosterone is a glucocorticoid hormone involved in fear and anxiety responses in threatening situations. The inhibition of its synthesis using metyrapone has been shown to reduce unconditioned defensive responses in male rats. Recent studies suggest that females may exhibit different responses from males depending on their estrous cycle phase. This study aimed to expand the understanding of corticosterone's role in unconditioned fear expression in males and females at different estrous cycle phases. A total of 111 adult Wistar rats (73 females and 38 males) were used. Fourteen days before testing, animals were habituated to the laboratory, and female estrous cycle phases were determined daily. On the test day, females were grouped into proestrus/estrus or metestrus/diestrus according to their current cycle phase. Control animals received an intraperitoneal vehicle injection, while experimental groups received metyrapone at doses of 30 or 60 mg/kg. Twenty minutes post-administration, animals underwent 5-minute behavioral assessment in the elevated plus maze (EPM), followed by 5 minutes in the open field test (OFT) after a 10-minute interval. In the EPM, metyrapone decreased rearing and increased open-arm entries in males compared to controls. In females, regardless of cycle phase, metyrapone reduced closed-arm entries and rearing. In the OFT, metyrapone increased center time and crossings in males. In proestrus/estrus females, it increased center time and peripheral crossings while reducing immobility. In metestrus/diestrus females, it increased center time but decreased rearing and immobility. These findings indicate a reduction in defensive responses in both tests, suggesting a clear anti-aversive effect. However, metyrapone also influenced overall exploratory behavior, highlighting its broader impact on locomotion and anxiety-like responses.
Demandas formativas de docentes da área de ciências da natureza: um estudo de caso em São Paulo de Olivença – AM
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-31)
Pinto, Lucas Adriano Dantas
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Silva, Fernanda Keila Marinho da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6390725197649567
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Omágua Kambeba
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725861714628309
This study aims to discuss aspects of the training demands of science teachers in the city of São Paulo de Olivença, AM. The proposal arose from the student's experiences in public schools in the city and during the undergraduate program in Biological Sciences. The research, of a qualitative and exploratory nature, aimed to identify the demands of teachers in the city, collected through an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed based on the existing literature, discussing the training needs identified by the participants. The theoretical framework includes contributions on interculturality, as well as reflections on training needs. From the analysis, it was possible to identify a significant need for ongoing professional development, both in general and focused on the regional context, indicating that discussions related to interculturality and decolonizing education should be reinforced in teacher training programs.
Avifauna em sistema agroflorestal biodiverso e suas características funcionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-31)
Oliveira, Naira Moraes de Paula
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Rother, Débora Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2288957756143935
Conventional agricultural production is mostly environmentally degrading, which leads to negative impacts on ecosystems. Conventional production systems are one of the main threats to biodiversity, and today alternatives to more sustainable agricultural systems are needed. One alternative is agroforestry systems (AFS), since they aim to ensure a more sustainable mode of production, reconciling economic activity with the conservation and maintenance of biodiversity, while aiming at food security for the growing world population. However, the lack of studies that prove the beneficial relationship between biodiversity maintenance and agroforestry means that this system is not fully accepted by farmers. Studies on the feeding guilds of avifauna are able to generate information about a particular site, such as the occurrence of disturbances or its recovery. Considering birds as good indicators of environmental quality, this project aims to analyze the feeding guilds of avifauna that use the resources of a biodiverse agroforestry system (SAF) in southwestern São Paulo. For the elaboration of this project, a survey of the avifauna in the SAF was carried out. A total of 74 bird species were recorded, distributed among 25 families. Equitability analyses between families and between feeding guilds indicated that there were no statistically significant differences, and given the plant diversity found in the study area, both bird species with specialized diets (frugivores and insectivores) and generalist species (omnivores) were recorded, as well as species considered to be potential seed dispersers. These results suggest that the SAF can favor the enrichment of the area over time, however, it is important to consider the entire landscape, and the combination of forest fragments with the SAF can therefore enhance environmental services and increase local resilience.