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Um estudo sobre diferentes métodos de classificação para dados extremamente desbalanceados sob a ótica do aprendizado sensível ao custo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Angélico, João Pedro Modesto; Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3464-1108
In classification tasks, we often encounter datasets with highly imbalanced classes, such as those found in rare disease diagnosis, financial fraud detection, and industrial failure analysis. Training traditional models on such datasets tends to favor the majority class, resulting in poor ability to identify observations from the minority class, which is usually the one of greatest interest. In this undergraduate thesis, we present and compare different classification models — Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost — from the perspective of cost‑sensitive learning, applying class weights to compensate for severe imbalance. Using a real‑world credit card transaction dataset (with only 0.172% fraud cases), we demonstrate how assigning differential weights to classification errors significantly improves the sensitivity (recall) in detecting the minority class. Furthermore, we evaluate which combination of model and validation technique (data‑split or stratified cross‑validation) yields the best trade‑off between sensitivity, precision, and F1‑score. The results indicate that XGBoost with appropriate weighting achieves the best overall performance, reaching recall above 0.89 and F1‑score close to 0.88.
Na caminhada: grupos online e redes de ajuda de familiares de presos em São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Demari, Nayara Veiga; Motta, Luana Dias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042165629261102; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-7471; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0807260945630419; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6201-9549; Lago, Natalia Bouças de; Sinhoretto, Jacqueline; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7486326920522374; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3713-9594
This research aimed to understand how online groups are mobilized by women who visit their relatives and partners in prison units in the state of São Paulo to sustain their journey. To achieve this, observations were conducted in Facebook and WhatsApp groups, along with an interview with the administrator of a Facebook group. In this way, the study sought to discuss how the specific dynamics of the São Paulo state prison system, composed of communicating vessels, are mobilized by these women to navigate its prison flows in order to sustain their journey
Diversão no tempo de trabalho: um estudo de caso sobre quem trabalha com entretenimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Sendin, Victor Giovanetti; Somaschini, Maria Helena Matttos Barbosa dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3419477918842537
This study aims to analyze the dynamics of work and leisure in the daily lives of a progressive metal cover/tribute band, identified as AE, located in the Campinas region, in the interior of São Paulo. The research focuses on the period from 2022 to 2024, following the musicians' daily practices, including moments of creation, rehearsal, and performance. The progressive metal genre was chosen as the object of analysis because it demands high technical competence and creative innovation, factors that make the study relevant within the context of musical entertainment. The study seeks to understand how the musicians of the AE band perceive and experience the intersection between work and leisure in their activities, investigating questions about the balance between professional demands and the fun inherent in the entertainment sector. Our work time and our leisure time are often treated as opposite and distinct dimensions, but for those who work providing leisure to the public, such as musicians and artists, this relationship can take on more complex characteristics. Are these professionals able to have fun at work, or do they see the activity as just another serious responsibility, similar to any other profession? Furthermore, this study aims to investigate whether these workers’ time is limited to the moments when they are entertaining the public, or whether there is a significant effort behind the scenes, involving preparation, planning and practice. To answer these questions, the study uses a qualitative and descriptive approach, based on case studies and participatory research. The research also considers the role of behind-the-scenes work, an element that is often invisible to the public. In addition to the performance, musicians dedicate hours to rehearsals, logistical organization, technical study of music and interaction with other professionals, activities that demonstrate the complexity of working in the entertainment sector. This study seeks to understand how these activities connect and contribute to the leisure and entertainment experience provided to the public, while also analyzing how musicians experience these responsibilities. Finally, this work aims to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics between work and leisure in the entertainment sector, with a focus on the progressive metal genre, a segment that combines artistic innovation and technical demands. By analyzing the experiences of the musicians of the band AE, we hope to broaden the discussion on the relationships between technical work, the playful aspect and the personal perception of professionals working in this field. This study offers a critical view on how work in the entertainment sector is articulated with the demands of creativity and social interaction, proposing reflections on the limits and intersections between fun and professional effort.
Educação Inclusiva e o Plano de Desenvolvimento Individual: sentidos produzidos no cotidiano de uma escola de ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Nascimento, Karoline Meleiro do; Dainez, Débora; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4671868444231806; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8223-098X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0243076938641786; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8478-2670
This dissertation investigates the meanings attributed to the use of the Individual Development Plan (PDI) in the daily life of a public elementary school—early years—within the municipal education system. This qualitative research was conducted through a case study approach (Lüdke & André, 1986) in a school located in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The main objective was to understand how three regular classroom teachers and one Special Education teacher (responsible for Specialized Educational Assistance – AEE) perceive the practical impact of the PDI on their pedagogical activities. The study analyzed the PDI model adopted by the school, its implementation in different educational settings, the meanings assigned to it by the teachers in terms of its objectives and structure, as well as the limitations and potential of the PDI in the teaching and learning process of students in special education. The findings revealed a critical perception of the document. For most teachers, the PDI is seen as a bureaucratic requirement with little practical impact on their pedagogical routines. Although it is described as a reflective tool, its applicability in the classroom is limited, and it is often completed as a formality rather than as an effective pedagogical support. Only in specialized educational services did the PDI demonstrate slightly greater functionality, allowing for individualized monitoring—though still without significant influence on daily teaching practices.The central criticism lies in the lack of integration between individualized planning and collective pedagogical practices, highlighting the absence of specific training and clear guidelines for its use. Teachers point out that although the PDI is presented in educational policies as a key instrument to ensure the inclusion and learning of students with disabilities, in practice, it functions as an administrative document that does not bring about meaningful changes in school organization or inclusive teaching.The meanings constructed by the teachers suggest that the PDI, instead of serving as a transformative pedagogical tool, reinforces the bureaucratization of teaching work and fails to provide structured support for school inclusion.
Arquitetura de monitoramento para ambientes de computação em nuvem baseada em consistent hashing
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Vaz, Augusto dos Santos Gomes; Guardia, Hélio Crestana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5010-747X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7914112249993081
Cloud computing is a rapidly growing business model, with significant adoption by individuals and companies seeking a ready-made solution with low initial costs for IT infrastructure components. In this scenario, cloud providers need efficient monitoring systems to ensure high availability, scalability, and compliance with SLAs (Service Level Agreements). However, the dynamic nature of cloud environments, especially in the IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) model, presents significant challenges due to the high volume of provisioned instances and the constant flow of resource creation and removal. This work presents a distributed monitoring architecture based on the technique of consistent hashing to address these challenges, called Prometheus Ring. This is an operator for Docker Swarm, capable of dynamically distributing the monitoring load among multiple instances of Prometheus, ensuring efficient balancing and resilience to failures. Additionally, the architecture uses Grafana Mimir for long-term storage, allowing the consolidation of historical data without loss of collected metrics. To validate the implementation, a system capable of generating synthetic metrics called Synthetic Exporter was created, which simulates a high-load environment with multiple instances of cloud products. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed approach reduces monitoring bottlenecks, improves system scalability, and minimizes downtimes, making it a viable alternative for cloud providers needing an efficient solution to monitor cloud computing infrastructures.
Propriedades de medida de instrumentos para avaliação de alterações sensório-motoras em indivíduos com dor lombar crônica e assintomáticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Claudio, Ana Carolina de Jacomo; Chaves, Thais Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6332531515878207; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-4961; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5253057291490497; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7694-2836
Introduction: The literature suggests that alterations in cortical plasticity appear to be present in chronic low back pain (CLBP) and may result in sensorimotor alterations. Some assessment instruments can be used to assess these alterations, such as the Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ), two-point discrimination test (TPD), laterality judgment (LRJT), and body image drawing (BID). However, it is recommended that their measurement properties be tested. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to test the measurement properties of the FreBAQ questionnaire and sensorimotor tests. Methods: Two studies were conducted: 1) The sample consisted of 279 participants, 178 with CLBP and 101 asymptomatic controls for low back pain. The measurement properties were analyzed: structural validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement error, and hypothesis testing for construct validity. For statistical analysis, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2,1), Cronbach's α and Smallest Detectable Change (SDC), Pearson's correlation and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used; 2) This is a prospective longitudinal case-control study to verify the test-retest reliability and error measurement of sensorimotor tests. The sample consisted of 203 participants of both sexes, 102 participants with CLD and 101 controls. Test-retest reliability, measurement error and discriminative validity were performed. For statistical analysis, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2,1 - ICC<0.5 = low reliability, 0.50.90 = excellent reliability), kappa coefficient, SDC and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used. Results: 1) The structural validity confirmed the unidimensionality of the FreBAQ-Br. The internal consistency was adequate (α = 0,84-0,85). The reliability of the FreBAQ-Br was adequate (ICC2,1 = 0,81-0,82). The measurement error was 3,33-3,23. The hypothesis test confirmed 94,11% of the a priori hypotheses. 2) The TPD showed moderate reliability for DLC and controls, the SDC was 8-10 mm for DLC and 9 mm for controls. The LRJT in DLC demonstrated good and moderate reliability in the accuracy of the right side (LD) and left side (LS), respectively, with SDC ranging from 8,77% to 22%. For the response time, the reliability was moderate in LD, LS and in the error time. In the error time of the column in the context mode, it was considered low in LS. In asymptomatic individuals, the accuracy of LD and LE showed good and moderate reliability, respectively, with SDC between 7,16% and 17,73%. However, for the column (context mode - LE), it showed low reliability. For response time, reliability in LD and LE was moderate, except for the time to hit the column (context) on both sides, which obtained good reliability. BID showed moderate reliability in DLC and excellent in controls for self-assessment. Furthermore, the tests demonstrated discriminative capacity. Conclusion: The FreBAQ-Br showed good measurement properties. The sensorimotor tests generally show adequate reliability and have discriminative capacity. Thus, according to the results, the FreBAQ, TDP, LRJT and BID instruments can be used in clinical practice and research.
Gírias na perspectiva da Sociolinguística: uma análise da obra "Saudoso Futuro", de Wesley Miranda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Rosa, Gustavo Cobra Teixeira Moreira da; Biazolli, Caroline Carnielli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7908630593356660; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8578-8102
Este trabajo presenta un breve estudio de la presencia de jergas comunes y jergas de grupo en las letras del álbum “Saudoso Futuro” (2023), de Wesley Miranda, bajo a la perspectiva de la Sociolingüística. Basado principalmente en los estudios de Preti (1984, 2000a, 2000b) sobre la jerga, así como en las contribuciones de Labov (2008 [1972]), Bagno (2007) y Coelho et al. (2015) en el campo de las ideas sobre lengua y sociedade, este estudio busca comprender cómo la jerga contribuye a la construcción de identidad y resistencia cultural dentro del contexto del rap. La investigación se desarrolló en cuatro etapas: una breve contextualización histórica sobre la jerga, la distinción entre jergas comunes y de grupo, la presentación de obras representativas del rap y, por último, un análisis sobre el significado de las jergas de grupo utilizadas por el artista estudiado. La metodología involucró la transcripción de las letras, la categorización de las jergas identificadas y un análisis cualitativo de las jergas de grupo. Los resultados indican que el uso de estas expresiones en el rap no se limita a una ruptura con la norma estándar solamente, sino que refleja un movimiento consciente de resistencia y afirmación identitaria. De esta manera, el álbum de Wesley Miranda se destaca en esta investigación como una representación de las transformaciones lingüísticas y sociales promovidas por el rap contemporáneo.
Aplicação de fibrados e conexões de fibrados na física teórica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Rodrigues, Arthur Costa; Schmidtt, Fernando David Marmolejo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7431492489687677; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9797-8483; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5590872423912306; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6680-2045
This work addresses the applications of fiber bundles and fiber bundle connections in theoretical physics, highlighting their relevance in the formulation of modern theories such as Gauge Theory, Dirac’s magnetic monopole, the Aharonov-Bohm effect, Yang-Mills theory, and instantons. Using concepts from differential geometry, such as fiber spaces, connections, curvature, and holonomy, we explore how these mathematical structures provide a unifying language for describing fundamental physical phenomena. Initially, we introduce fiber bundles as a generalization of Cartesian products, emphasizing their role in defining physical fields in curved spaces or those with nontrivial topologies. Connections are described as tools for transporting information along the bundle, establishing the parallel between covariant derivatives and local transformations in physical theories. Examples of tangent bundles and principal bundles are discussed as fundamental cases for applications in Physics. In Gauge Theory, fiber bundles provide the necessary formalism to describe fundamental interactions, such as electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces, using local symmetry groups. We explore Dirac’s magnetic monopole as a singular solution to Maxwell’s equations, whose existence is intrinsically linked to the topology of fiber bundles. The Aharonov-Bohm effect, in turn, demonstrates how connections can mediate physical effects in regions where local fields vanish, revealing the importance of the global properties of spacetime. We then move to Yang-Mills theory, which generalizes electromagnetism to non-Abelian symmetry groups, forming the foundation of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. In this theory, the curvatures of fiber bundles correspond to the forces associated with Gauge fields. We also discuss instantons, classical solutions of the Yang-Mills equations, which play a significant role in the description of quantum transitions and phenomena such as spontaneous symmetry breaking. Throughout this study, we emphasize how fiber bundles encapsulate information about the geometric structure of spacetime and enable an accurate description of phenomena involving topology, symmetry, and local interactions. This geometric formalism not only clarifies the relationship between mathematics and physics but also opens possibilities for developing more comprehensive and unifying theories in the future.
Contribuições para o ensino das atividades circenses na educação física escolar: um olhar para a formação continuada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Andrade, Maiara Rosa Souza; Couto, Yara Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2348643816717796; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-4889; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4461371500063945; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1173-7140
The integration of circus activities into school Physical Education expands pedagogical possibilities, fostering students' motor, social, and cultural development. However, its implementation still faces challenges, particularly in the final years of Elementary School and in High School, due to gaps in teacher training and the absence of more objective guidelines in school curricula. Given this scenario, this research investigates the challenges faced by Physical Education teachers in effectively integrating circus activities into their classes and examines whether and how these teachers seek continuing education in this area. The study aims to understand these challenges among teachers in the state public school system of Itaquaquecetuba-SP, proposing ways to strengthen this pedagogical practice. To achieve this, specific objectives were defined, such as highlighting the relevance of circus activities in school Physical Education, examining their presence in official documents, and exploring the relationship between teacher training and this theme. The research adopted a qualitative methodology, using a semi-structured questionnaire applied online, through social media, to state school teachers working in the final years of Elementary School and in High School. The analyzed data indicate that, although circus activities are included in the Currículo Paulista and the BNCC (Base Nacional Comum Curricular), their approach is superficial, making practical application difficult. Furthermore, it was found that initial training in Physical Education rarely includes circus teaching in a consistent manner, and the continuing education offered by the São Paulo State Department of Education (SEDUC-SP), through EFAPE and ATPC/APCF, is predominantly theoretical, lacking practical experiences that equip teachers with the necessary tools. As a result, circus practices remain limited in schools, restricting their educational potential. Given this scenario, this research aims to contribute to the improvement of teacher training by encouraging the creation of more practical courses and the development of specific pedagogical materials. In this way, the study seeks to strengthen school Physical Education, making it more diverse, inclusive, and connected to the cultural richness of the circus, promoting new forms of learning and expression for students.
Avaliação de híbridos de goiaba tailandesa (Psidium guajava) e araçá-amarelo (Psidium cattleianum) quanto à resistência ao nematoide Meloidogyne enterolobii
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Pavanelli, Bárbara da Silva; Schinor, Evandro Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2162760988837984; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9237-1460; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2921785048427788
The production of guava (Psidium guajava) represents an agricultural activity of significant importance at the national level, presenting itself as an economically viable option for small and medium-sized farmers. In addition to being consumed fresh, guava is widely applied in industry. However, this crop faces relevant phytosanitary challenges, especially due to the gall nematode (Meloidogyne enterolobii), which causes severe damage to the root system, affecting the absorption of nutrients and decreasing productivity. One approach to overcome this obstacle is the development of varieties of resistant graft holders, such as the araçá-amarelo (Psidium cattleianum). The purpose of this study was to investigate the resistance of hybrids resulting from the crossing between Thai guava and yellow araçá in relation to the nematode M. enterolobii. Four hybrids (TAI x AA P0F2 2024, TAI x AA P0F2 2209, TAI x AA P1F2, TAI x AA P2F2) and the araçá-amarelo were examined, both in conditions with and without inoculation. The inoculation was performed using the sampling and analysis method proposed by Coolen & D'Herde (1972). The variables evaluated included: height and growth rate index of plants, chlorophyll a and b contents, fresh mass of the aerial part and roots, as well as final number of nematodes and number and index of galls. The experiment was carried out in a totally randomized way, containing five repetitions by varieties, in addition the data were expressed in means and subjected to the Scott-Knott clustering test with a significance level of 5%. The reproduction factor (RF) was determined by the equation FR = final population/initial population. The research findings showed that the araçá-amarelo has a remarkable resistance to the nematode M. enterolobii, since it reveals the lowest amount of nematodes per gram of root, in addition to having the lowest gall index and a reproduction factor (RF) close to zero. On the other hand, the hybrids analyzed showed a certain tolerance to the nematode, showing a RF lower than 1, which indicates a reduction in the reproduction of the parasite, although they did not achieve complete immunity. The study identifies the TAI x AA P0F2 2209 hybrid as the most promising option for future research in genetic improvement and nematode control, due to its robust growth and tolerance. In contrast, araçá-amarelo, despite its limited growth, shows resistance.
Avaliação em educação física no ensino fundamental: relevância, característica e perspectiva de ajustamento sob o ponto de vista docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Pereira, Leonardo Pavan; Godoi Jacomassi, Daniela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699007812483790; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7043-7529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4034166311693159
It seems to be a consensus that the act of assessing is of fundamental importance to the pedagogical process. It is advocated that such practice should guide teaching actions in a way that helps teachers develop strategies to enhance student learning. However, although research on assessment processes in education has advanced in recent years, there is a notable need for expanding knowledge on this topic, especially in school Physical Education. In this sense, the study aims to investigate, from the perspective of Elementary School Physical Education teachers, the relevance, characteristics, and adjustment perspective of the assessment process systematized by a municipal education network. This is a qualitative, exploratory research involving 55 Physical Education teachers who teach in the Elementary School of the municipal network in question. The instrument used for data collection will be a semi-structured questionnaire containing 23 open and closed-ended questions administered through the Google Forms tool. The data analysis will be conducted in three distinct stages: 1. Data organization; 2. Data classification or categorization; and 3. Final analysis. The results revealed that 90.9% of the responding teachers believe in the applicability (usefulness) of the instrument, and for 94.5% of the teachers, the assessment spreadsheets are easy to understand and use. Furthermore, 85.5% of the teachers believe that the spreadsheets contribute to the credibility of grade and/or concept assignment in Elementary School Physical Education, and 87.3% are in favor of the systematization of the assessment process implemented by the municipality. 85.5% consider that the instrument favors an assessment process with a diagnostic and formative emphasis, and 63.6% of the teachers agree with maintaining the assessment instrument proposed by the municipality, though adjustments are needed for its effectiveness.
Identificação e separação de resíduos têxteis de algodão/poliéster com emprego de líquido iônico: uma abordagem para a sua reciclagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Veroneze, Isabelly Bertochi; Cruz, Sandra Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9632409046763256; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5548-0166; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9272966358528048; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1325-1004
IDENTIFICATION AND SEPARATION OF COTTON/POLYESTER TEXTILE WASTE USING IONIC LIQUIDS: AN RECYCLING TO APPROACH. The accumulation of textile waste in the environment is an emerging concern that directly impacts environmental sustainability. The textile industry utilizes various types of fibers to produce fabrics, which can be natural, synthetic, or artificial. Among these, the blend of natural and synthetic fibers, such as cotton and polyester, constitutes one of the primary sources of textile waste. These materials are selected for their combined properties, such as comfort and durability. However, their recycling poses a significant challenge due to the difficulty in separating the fibers after production. This issue arises from the interweaving of natural and synthetic fibers, which makes it impossible to recycle mixed fabrics directly through conventional mechanical methods due to their differing properties (such as melting and degradation temperatures). Additionally, there is a lack of comprehensive information regarding the exact composition of these fabrics, including details on the types of fibers, plasticizers, and additives used. Consequently, there is a clear need to understand the true composition of blended fabrics and to develop methods for effectively separating cotton and polyester fibers for subsequent reuse. This study aims to address this need by conducting a quantitative and qualitative analysis of cotton/polyester blended fabrics, employing various morphological, chemical, and thermal techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, the cotton/polyester fabric was separated by dissolving the cotton fibers in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMimCl). The reaction time and temperature conditions for this process were investigated using FTIR and TGA to ensure effective separation. The optimal conditions for fabric separation were validated through SEM and molecular orbital length profile (MOLP) analysis. The interactions between the ionic liquid and the cellulose and polyester polymer chains were also studied using molecular dynamics field theories and Hansen's solubility sphere. The cellulose separated from the mixed fabric was regenerated and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to convert it into glucose. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the chosen method for qualitative and quantitative characterization of the fabrics significantly influenced the observed outcomes, highlighting the importance of using multiple techniques for a comprehensive understanding. Separating the mixed fabric by dissolving cotton fibers in the ionic liquid proved effective, and the regenerated cellulose, when subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, exhibited reducing sugar activity, indicating successful cellulose hydrolysis. Thus, combining ionic liquids and enzymatic hydrolysis presents a viable and sustainable route for recovering and reusing textile materials.
Diagnóstico do processo de desenvolvimento de produto de uma empresa da indústria de autopeças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Ghiralde, Rafael; Martins, Roberto Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-1416; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2361780580316082
The improvement of performance of the Product Development Process (PDP) in an industrial landscape is imperative to comply with the requirements for innovation, quality, and reduced timelines. This dissertation assesses the PDP of a company in the auto parts sector with a diagnostic tool developed from a systematic literature review (SLR) and application of action research method. The analysis of 615 documents indexed in the Scopus database in a SLR evidence a gap in the literature regarding methods for assessing the PDP. We identified only two studies aligned with the research objective, alongside emerging topic trends such as sustainability, risk management, and Industry 4.0. Due to the absence of comprehensive diagnostic approaches for the PDP, we used the reference model by Rozenfeld et al. (2006) as the foundation for developing an instrument in the empirical phase. The research team comprised the author and eight professionals from the studied company. The assessment tool developed during the action research consists of 47 questions, structured according to the macro-stages of the PDP and incorporating specific aspects of the company’s PDP process. The results show not only the proposition of an adaptable tool for assessing PDPs but also the identification of critical factors impacting process performance within the organization, such as deficiencies in resource allocation, interdepartmental communication, and the application of risk management tools. These findings enable the proposal of corrective actions, underscoring the study’s contribution to continuous process improvement in dynamic industrial contexts.
Algoritmo de visão computacional para monitoramento dimensional e análise da qualidade em peças fabricadas por manufatura aditiva robotizada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Silva, Thiago Henrique Aragão; Shiki, Sidney Bruce; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7806353248126373
The increasing complexity of products has necessitated the development of new production techniques, such as additive manufacturing (3D printing). This work developed a computer vision algorithm to monitor the dimensions and straightness of parts throughout the robotic additive manufacturing process. The system used advanced image processing techniques to identify geometric non conformities, ensuring high precision and quality in the produced parts. The research implemented a robotic additive manufacturing cell (CMAR) that operated with ABS polymer. The algorithm was rigorously tested and successfully validated. The results showed that the system was effective in detecting dimensional and geometric faults, contributing to the integrity of the printed parts. Furthermore, automated monitoring offered significant benefits, including cost reduction due to less material waste, improved final product quality, and the promotion of more sustainable manufacturing practices.
Aplicação de aprendizado de máquina na construção de carteiras de ações de longo prazo: uma abordagem comparativa com modelos tradicionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Figueira, Vitor Caligaris; Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-7306
Long-term stock investing attracts the attention of investors seeking effective and straightforward methods to select the securities to compose their portfolios, as well as to identify assets with the highest potential for future appreciation. Over time, many approaches have been developed for this purpose. In this context, this study aimed to apply Machine Learning (ML) techniques to estimate future stock values and, this way, construct a portfolio capable of outperforming the traditional equity market. With the goal of selecting assets for a portfolio and predicting their profitability, ML models can be used to perform stock price regression and recommend highly profitable investments. This approach enables the formation of a diversified investment portfolio that reduces risk while still outperforming the market. In this study, a methodology was developed, analyzed, and tested for constructing a stock portfolio with a one-year allocation period using the following ML models: Ridge Linear Regression (LR), Bayesian Regression (BR), Regression Tree, Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR). Additionally, all models were trained and tested both with and without hyperparameter tuning using the Grid Search CV method to determine whether this adjustment enhances model performance, thereby recommending even better portfolios. The portfolios generated by the ML models had their returns compared to traditional financial market models for asset recommendation, such as Modern Portfolio Theory and the S&P 500 market index. In the end, the results showed that, in the vast majority of tests conducted, the ML-based methodology proposed in this study outperformed the market-based models.
Altas habilidades ou superdotação :indicação, intervenção e práticas colaborativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Wenzel, Chaiane; Rangni, Rosemeire; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399149504309769; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-9745; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4108413934862948; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3652-3172
Gifted students, who are part of Special Education, have guaranteed rights to specialized educational support and, to this end, they must be identified and receive it, providing them with opportunities for their differentiated abilities. One possibility for school staff to work with special education students is the collaborative teaching. Based on this, the research problem is: how would an intervention program from a collaborative perspective contribute to the visibility of students with indications of giftedness in the 1st and 2nd years of elementary school in a school of the municipal education network in an inland city of São Paulo, Brazil? The main objective was to create an intervention program by a collaborative perspective for gifted students in the 1st and 2nd years of elementary school in a public school of inland of São Paulo. The specific objectives were: 1. to identify gifted students with characteristics in the 1st and 2nd years of elementary school; 2. to suggest the creation of a collaborative intervention program for gifted students; and 3. to survey and indicate points and gaps in teacher training on giftedness. The study was divided into three sections and characterized as being of the Pedagogical Intervention as a qualitative empirical research. The first section consisted of training teachers about giftedness; the second one involved nominating students using questionnaires and portfolios; and the third one involved creating a collaborative intervention program for the nominated students. The participants were: 150 students, classroom teachers, a PE teacher, the principal, vice-principal and coordinator. The results were: a) the school staff did not have consistent knowledge about giftedness to identify students; b) 26 students were nominated; c) a collaborative intervention program was created with the teachers and the 26 nominated students (second section); d) three activities were planned: Mathematics, Astronomy, and Science according to the interests of seven students (third section); e) It was observed the difficulty of time to implement the Collaborative Intervention Program even though it was proved to be effective; e) the specialized literature showed a scarcity of work focused on giftedness and collaborative teaching. It is suggested continuing the intervention program for these students as well as evaluating to be improved and implemented for all the students nominated and the other ones at the school.
Panorama de atuação dos Centros Dia para Pessoas Idosas na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Semensato, Carolina Ramos; Varoto, Vania Aparecida Gurian; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7449531039410521; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3763-5638; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7286581903238068; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0216-0149
In response to the growing and accelerated phenomenon of population aging, care services for elderly people are gaining prominence. Day Care Centers for the Elderly (CDIs) are characterized as day care services of medium complexity within the special social protection network for elderly people with reduced frailty and support for their families. This service denotes social relevance for partial care and in the state of São Paulo they are considered socio-sanitary services. Managers are expected to understand the services assigned to these spaces, acting in accordance with current legislation. Objective: To investigate the operating system of CDIs in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region (RMSP) and identify whether the institutional routine is compatible with current regulations. Study design: Qualitative, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive research. The analysis is based on the fundamentals of thematic content in the light of the theoretical framework and categorization. The study was carried out in stages: 1-documentary organization; 2-bibliographic review using the following descriptors: frail elderly, ageing, day-center, social support, health planning and social assistance, in the following databases: Latin American Literature in Health Sciences, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Online Medical Literature Search and Analysis System; 3-mapping of CDIs in the RMSP through active search, a list provided by the partners (1. São Paulo State Secretariat for Social Development, 2. São Paulo Day-Center Forum and 3. Application of a semi-structured online questionnaire to CDI managers about the characterization of the service, the public profile, the correspondent, the team and the routine; and Stage 5. Data analysis. All research ethics principles were applied. Results: Stage 1: Approval by the Research Ethics Committee/UFSCar and agreement from the partners. Stage 2: 48 scientific publications were identified, of which we excluded 6 duplicates and 36 for thematic incompatibility, resulting in 6 publications in line with the theme. There was a lack of publications dealing specifically with the panorama of ICD work and legislation, i.e. a subject that has been little explored. The studies provide a theoretical framework on the social contributions of ICDs, the relationship between social support and BADL, the financial management of services and day care in relation to the ageing population. Stage 3: The mapping resulted in a total of 158 services belonging to the RMSP, which were categorized into three groups: 1.CDI (49; 31%); 2.CD and similar (55; 34.8%) and 3.ILPI/CDI (54; 34.2%). Stage 4: Of the 158 services mapped, 18 could not be contacted and 5 declined to participate. The sample for data collection via online questionnaire was 135 services. They were sent out between September and November 2024, in 3 attempts to participate. Data analysis: (article 2) There were 10 responses, however, 3 services did not correspond to ICDs and were excluded. Sample of 7 participating CDIs, 5 non-governmental and 2 governmental. Profile of service users: 73.6% were women, with an average age of 80, widowed, with a functional profile of II and who attended the service five days a week. Most of the people looking for a place were family members looking to socialize and the admission process is based on a health and functionality assessment. The profile of the managers is female, average age 43, married (57.1%) with a postgraduate degree. The teams are predominantly female with an average age of 43. 50.43% of the employees have higher education in biopsychosocial areas, the majority of whom are hired under the Consolidation of Labor Laws. All the CDIs operate 5 times a week for an average of 12 hours a day, with 57.14% offering four meals. The activities carried out are physical and cognitive stimulation. Conclusion: The internationalization of the 6 studies identified shows the scarcity of relevant publications on the subject in the Brazilian context and reveals the social bias of this research. In addition, there are discrepancies between the data available on official websites about ICD services. This information is scattered and fragmented, as there is no complete list. The results indicate that although the services are acting in accordance with the legislation, there may be weaknesses in the perception of managers, in addition to the need to expand the activities offered in line with the legislation, especially with regard to the integration of the community, the family and the health services. It should be noted that this study is of great (and pioneering) relevance and makes a mutual contribution to various sectors of society. It is hoped that it will encourage reflection on the organizational structures and work processes of ICDs, in line with legal technical standards, as well as highlighting measures for maintaining links and keeping older people included in the community.
Engajamento Popular de Base: uma abordagem geográfica-histórica da criação e desenvolvimento do Jardim Nova Pilar em Pilar do Sul (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Santos, Simone Fabiano dos; Mariano, Neusa de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
Understanding history is fundamental to living the present well and planning the future. This work investigates the context of the creation of the Jardim Nova Pilar Neighborhood from a geographical-historical perspective, analyzing the social movements that influenced society in the 1980s. Using a qualitative and bibliographic methodology, it analyzes historical and documentary records to understand the development process of the neighborhood. The collection of photographs and oral reports are also part of this research. To understand the territory, lived and built, a Miltonic approach was used. The central question focuses on social movements that encouraged residents to seek decent housing conditions. How these actions changed the space, previously a wasteland, now a territory full of meanings.
Elaboração de uma cartilha como ferramenta no ensino de genética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Filgueiras, Manuella; Medeiros, Ane Hackbart de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6315858319851377; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3985-3193; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2439806312242907; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0055-3965
Learning genetics is not always an easy task. With so many scientific and abstract concepts, students feel like they are navigating a sea of information disconnected from their daily lives. With this in mind, this work presents the creation of an educational booklet about genetics applied to different areas of daily life: molecular diagnosis, taxonomy, and forensic genetics. The educational booklet can serve as a facilitator in understanding topics associated with those covered in high school, through clear and objective language and illustrations that bring the audience closer. For this purpose, three examples were selected that illustrate that genetics is part of our daily lives and goes beyond the four walls of the classroom. All of the examples use DNA as the main theme. Addressing molecular diagnosis, we sought to link it to the period of the pandemic, when the PCR technique was used to identify the COVID-19 virus. To draw attention to the importance of using DNA in taxonomy, the example of the TV series “The Last of Us” was used, where fungi play the main role: molecular biology can be an ally in taxonomy, by resolving ambiguities that are difficult to deal with based solely on morphological characters. Finally, to draw attention to the use of DNA in crime solving and ancestry analysis, the example of the TV series “CSI” was used, where in most episodes the killer was caught due to clues that involved searching for the suspect’s DNA in a database. These three themes were summarized in a light and representative manner in the booklet. It is hoped that this tool will serve to facilitate the understanding that studies involving DNA are present in people’s daily lives. It is hoped that access to the booklet will generate a feeling of connection with the topic of “genetics” among high school students and that this feeling would be carried into adulthood, facilitating decision-making involving genetics.
Inativação fotodinâmica da bactéria Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina: avaliação de doses fracionadas de luz e fotossensibilizador curcumina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-25) Cappellini, Taina Cruz de Souza; Lima, Alessandra Ramos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2937413804518289; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-5137; Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4833-239X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5309059945646760; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2797-1918
The emergence of resistant bacteria in the community and hospital environment may be a consequence of the excessive and improper use of antibiotics over time, putting the health of the world population at risk. Due to bacterial resistance, we have sought alternative methods to treat infections caused by microorganisms. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has become a focus of study for the treatment of bacterial infections, which is based on a photosensitive substance, light and molecular oxygen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the action of different concentrations of the photosensitizer (PS) curcumin, together with variations in the delivery of the light dose to inactivate the bacterium methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), obtained by clinical isolate. The study of the photodegradation of curcumin at concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 μM, illuminated with 450 nm light, with a dose of 57.6 J/cm², over 24 min, was carried out, accompanied by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and molecular fluorescence. In addition, the process of curcumin internalization (10 μM) by MRSA was also monitored by confocal microscopy for 20 min. The IFD assays with MRSA were divided into stages. In the first stage, a conventional IFD was performed with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 μM) and illuminated at 450 nm at energy doses (5, 10, and 15 J/cm²). In the second stage, after optimizing the result of the conventional IFD, a fractional IFD was performed by fixing the FS concentration at 10 μM and varying the energy doses at intervals of 10 and 30 minutes. Thus, confocal microscopy experiments of MRSA cell predictions were performed after treatment with fractional IFD and at intervals of 30 min. The oxygen concentration analysis experiments were performed by an electrode, monitoring a percentage of O2 in a 10 μM curcumin solution. The results of conventional IFD demonstrated effectiveness in inactivating MRSA bacteria at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 μM for the energy doses evaluated. However, the most significant reduction was 3.41 and 4.34 logs and 3.51 and 4.95 logs for concentrations of 10 and 15 μM at doses of 10 and 15 J/cm² with conventional IFD, respectively. In fractionated IFD, the most significant result was 5.67 logs of reduction of the microorganism with the energy dose of 10 J/cm² fractionated at 30-minute intervals, when compared to conventional IFD at the continuous dose of 10 J/cm². There was also effectiveness at the energy dose of 15 J/cm² with intervals of 10 and 30 minutes, compared to the conventional one, with reductions of 4.96 and 5.45 logs, respectively. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the curcumin solution was analyzed using the dihydroethidium (DHE) probe, after continuous and fractional irradiation at intervals of 10 and 30 min. It was concluded that the fractionation of energy doses demonstrated the potential to achieve better results compared to the application of continuous doses, showing a more effective approach for the inactivation of bacteria in microbiological studies. However, further studies are needed to determine the ideal parameters that improve the efficiency of the photodynamic process.