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Metodologia para o ensino de Filosofia: uma proposta de revista digital
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-19) Trevisan, Aline Marla De Moura Piau; Maamari, Adriana Mattar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5707827597161294; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3651701719214533
The teaching of Philosophy in high school faces significant challenges, such as the devaluation of the subject and the students' detachment from philosophical practice in everyday life. In this context, this study aimed to demonstrate how the practice of teaching Philosophy can be redefined through active methodologies, using digital tools to promote students' critical thinking and autonomy. To achieve this goal, three specific objectives were established: to rescue, strengthen, and develop students' critical thinking through philosophical debates applied to daily life; to implement active methodologies to engage students in the teaching-learning process; and to use digital tools to foster students' autonomy and active participation. This applied research adopted a case study approach with high school classes from a public state school in the interior of São Paulo. The implemented approach aimed to enable student engagement through flipped classroom strategies, the use of digital devices, and the creation of a digital magazine by the students. Data were collected from teachers and students through interviews. The theoretical framework was based on authors such as Dewey (1959; 1979; 2002), who conceives education as a reflective and emancipatory practice; Deleuze (2009), with the creation of new concepts; Gallo (2009; 2012), who views Philosophy as the creation of concepts based on philosophical problems; Prensky (2008; 2010), who discusses the use of ICTs and digital natives in education; Ausubel, Novak and Hanesian (1983), who proposes the theory of meaningful learning; Bacich and Moran (2018), with the creation of an interactive learning environment; and Foucault (1979; 1999), with his analyses of power and knowledge relations in the educational environment. The results indicate that students demonstrated highly satisfactory engagement, with 98% completing the digital magazine. Furthermore, they took on a leading role by presenting the final project to the school community and reported greater involvement and interest in contemporary philosophical issues. It is concluded that the teaching of Philosophy, mediated by active methodologies and digital tools, facilitates meaningful learning and the development of students' critical thinking.
As crianças da República: imagens sobre culturas infantis no centro da cidade de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-19) Casciano, Bruna Serena; Moruzzi, Andrea Braga; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1502374705668286; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5000291497296433
This study aimed to understand how children living in the República neighborhood, in the central area of the city of São Paulo, create and act in their daily lives. Throughout this study, we sought to answer some central questions, together with the children, through an ethnographic procedure, such as: What does this group of children do when and while they walk around the city? Where do they go? With what, with what, how and with whom do they play? How do they relate and interact with the city space? What characterizes the cultures they produce? How do they understand and construct their lived spaces in the city through their daily experiences? The main objective was to understand how children relate to the sociocultural context in which they are inserted, making it possible to identify which children's culture is produced by them and how they appropriate the urban space in which they live. The research is based on the theoretical framework of the sociology of childhood, and the research with children was conducted based on written reports, obtained from their speech, photographs and drawings, also produced by the children. The research carried out with the children in the city center of São Paulo allowed us to observe the urban gaps they found to play and produce their peer culture. The experiences of the children of the Republic, who, accompanied by their caregivers, enjoy a certain autonomy to experiment and play, occur daily in Roosevelt Square, whose adult-centric logic of use is subverted and restructured by them: objects and equipment in the square gain new uses and are requalified. The urban daily life of these children, despite taking the same routes from their homes to school or to the square every day, is never the same; there are always new perceptions that the space, the streets and the sidewalks provide. The space of Praça Roosevelt, a favorite place for children but not so well-liked by nannies, is described by the former as representing affection, belonging and friendship. It was possible to verify that my interlocutors, mostly white and from the urban middle class, share among themselves, in their speeches and games, elements of a broader media culture aimed at children, namely: Pokémon cartoons, Paw Patrol, etc. Despite the fissure that the children of the Republic generate in a space aimed and designed for adult use, Praça Roosevelt is perceived as a relatively homogeneous space, with regard to the presence of children's groups, bringing evidence of a certain racialization of the space.
Filogenia, biogeografia, ecologia e evolução de caracteres dos gêneros Melocactus Link & Otto e Discocactus Pfeiff. (Cactaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-19) Telhe, Milena Cardoso; Moraes, Evandro Marsola de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3100796431732251; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1884762068173775
Despite being well known due to its species richness, a question that has not been deeply discussed is the role of biotic exchanges in maintaining diversity in the Neotropical region. Biota exchange events between distinct habitats have been identified in large numbers in the Neotropical regions, indicating a fundamental role in establishing regional biotas. However, studies involving the role of biotic exchanges on changes in diversification rates are scarce in the Neotropical region, especially between dry and open environments in this region. Although some hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolutionary consequences of the connection between these environments, few studies have been dedicated to testing them. Thus, more studies are needed to better understand the dispersal and connection between the dry and open biomes of the Neotropical region. The present study aims to investigate the systematic and ecological relationships of Melocactus and Discocactus. Additionally, we investigated biogeographic events within the Melocactus and Discocactus genera, contributing to the understanding of how these events drove diversification in the dry and open biomes of the Neotropical region. For this purpose, the Cactaceae591 probe panel was used to obtain numerous orthologous regions using the sequence capture method. These sequences were used to perform phylogenetic inferences of both genera, estimate diversification ages, infer biogeographic events, and infer the reconstruction of ancestral characters and phylogenetic climatic niches. In addition, diversification rates were estimated to investigate their association with biotic and abiotic variables. In summary, the hundreds of regions sequenced using the Cactaceae591 probe set were able to robustly infer the relationships between and within both genera, allowing taxonomic rearrangements, as demonstrated in chapters 1 and 2. The diversification period of both genera coincides with a period of climate change (Quaternary), alternating between periods of greater aridity and more humid periods. As a consequence of climate change, changes in the distribution of environments also occurred during this period, allowing, for example, the expansion of arid environments during favorable climatic periods, and promoting greater soil heterogeneity throughout the distribution of these environments. The ancestral lineage of both genera originated in a biome composed of Seasonally Dry Forests, later experiencing dispersal events to new areas, such as Savannas. No significant changes in diversification rates were observed in either genus. Biome change events and the presence of adaptive traits are not associated with differences in the diversification rates of the lineages, as demonstrated in Chapter 3. The present study suggests that past climate change and ecological characteristics on a finer scale, such as soil heterogeneity, may have played an important role in the Melocactus and Discocactus diversification.