Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2025-04-30"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 10

Agrobiodiversidade e práticas amigáveis aos polinizadores nas agroflorestas da região do Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-30) Gemim, Bruna Schmidt; Silva, Francisca Alcivânia de Melo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4122016283592995; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8664-0532; Freitas, Miguel Luiz Menezes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8536113635924828; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8882-0908; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7078058776682142; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1547-5976
The adoption of practices that promote the conservation of pollinator populations, creating more friendly landscapes, has become increasingly essential in the face of the accelerated loss of biodiversity and the services associated with it. Agroforests are productive systems that can be managed with high species richness and based on practices that favor essential ecological interactions, imitating the functioning of forest ecosystems. With the objective of evaluating the adoption of pollinator-friendly practices by farmers in agroforestry management in the Ribeira Valley region, São Paulo, this study used qualitative research methodologies. In order to obtain data on livelihood assets (human, social, financial, physical and natural) and pollinator-friendly practices, semi-structured interviews were conducted with questionnaires applied to the participating farmers. Guided tours were also carried out in the agroforests to survey the species composition, with subsequent preparation of floral resource calendars, as well as direct observation of the agroecosystems and surroundings. The research was conducted with 20 family farmers who manage agroforestry in nine municipalities in the Vale do Ribeira region, São Paulo. Through the guided tour, a great wealth of ethnospecies and ethnovarieties was identified, around 350 in total, of which approximately 71% were honey-bearing. Among the agroforests, the number of managed species varied from 32 to 93, with the best coverage of flowering species being from farmers who are beekeepers. Regarding the adoption of pollinator-friendly practices, it was possible to identify that the number of practices adopted is associated with differences in assets related to livelihoods. Among the farmers with a low number of environmentally friendly practices are those with the most vulnerable livelihoods, mostly women. While the highest number of friendly practices was found among those with the best livelihood conditions, including beekeepers and farmers with more experience in agroforestry management. These results demonstrate the need to propose strategies that are thought out locally and promoted through integrated actions that combine education, infrastructure and economic incentives, seeking a common path for the conservation of biodiversity and the improvement of human well-being in agroforestry. Furthermore, based on their perceptions, farmers have identified a series of changes related to the climate, such as temperature, rainfall patterns, drought and extreme weather events, as well as changes in flowering periods and species management, which have caused reductions and losses in production. In view of the climate emergency and its impacts, especially on the most vulnerable populations, the knowledge and expertise of farmers must be considered when proposing the necessary adaptations. On this path, the possible solution involves the agroecological transition of production systems and the social construction of another relationship with Nature, based on socio-environmental justice and supported by public policies aimed at territorial development.
Efeito da preparação de aresta em ferramentas de CBN na usinagem de aços liga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-30) Rodrigues, Paulo Henrique da Silva; Ventura, Carlos Eiji Hirata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1689198421096127
Due to the high thermomechanical loads in machining processes, proper edge preparation is essential for achieving longer tool life and good surface finishes on the produced parts. The correct choice of microgeometry can improve stress distribution, reduce heat generation, and increase edge strength. In light of this, the present work investigates the effect of edge preparation on cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools in the machining of alloy steels. Inserts with different nominal edge radii (sharp, 20 μm, 40 μm) were produced and had their microgeometry characterized. Turning tests were conducted using annealed 4340 and hardened 4140 steels, and tool wear was evaluated. The results indicate minimal chipping on sharp tools and asymmetry in the edge rounding produced by brushing. Regarding tool life tests, the sharp-edge and 20 μm radius tools showed no performance difference when machining the annealed steel. For the hardened steel, the insert with a 40 μm preparation showed the best performance, with 22% less wear compared to the other cases. It is concluded that the appropriate choice of edge microgeometry can optimize the performance of CBN tools, especially in the turning of hardened steels, providing greater efficiency and process predictability.
Serviços psicogerontológicos: desafios, oportunidades e inovações na perspectiva da prática profissional no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-30) Brigante, Jaqueline Lara; Zanon, Celeste José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9117512651101224; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9924-8801; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0073048975147180; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2743-0188
With the aging of the Brazilian population, significant challenges arise for health management, while opportunities for innovation in psychogerontological services open up. The demand for specialized care for older adults requires a personalized and adapted approach. In this context, the SERVQUAL model stands out as a tool to assess user satisfaction in health services, while the Pikes Peak Training Model presents the attitudes, knowledge and skills necessary for the practice of Psychogerontology. This research was developed through the preparation of two articles, with different methodological approaches, to investigate the quality of psychogerontological services: an analysis based on a systematic review of the literature and another focused on empirical research, of a qualitative and exploratory nature, based on the perceptions of 22 Brazilian psychologists. The data collection process for the second article was guided by triangulation between the formulation of the semi-structured questionnaire composed of 11 questions, the conduct of the interviews and the observations made by the researcher. The selection of the main excerpts and observations made it possible to code and categorize the data, through the evaluation dimensions and their constituent parts. The results indicate that issues related to the training and qualification of psychology professionals represent a challenge both in the literature review and in the interviews conducted with the psychologists. These factors impact not only the quality of the psychogerontological services offered, but also influence the number of psychologists interested in specializing in the care of elderly people, their caregivers and family members. Another aspect observed, both in the literature review and in the interviews, was the association made by the psychologists between empathy, acceptance, expression of affection and interest. It is important to emphasize the importance of the psychology professional understanding the real needs of this population and, based on this understanding, applying their specialized knowledge to define the most appropriate intervention strategy for each case. In addition, it was found that psychology professionals need to pay attention to structural improvements, ranging from access to mental health services to communication channels and the resources used. As an innovation of this research, the adaptation of the SERVQUAL model to assess the quality of psychogerontological services in Brazil stands out. As an opportunity for improvement, the adaptation of the Pikes Peak Training Model to the context of psychogerontological services in the country is discussed, given its relevance. This adaptation would provide a solid basis for the training of psychologists, enabling them to deal more effectively with issues related to aging. The integration of the Pikes Peak Model into the Brazilian context, combined with the dimensions of the SERVQUAL model, can generate a significant positive impact on the quality of psychological services aimed at the elderly. It is concluded that the training and practice of psychology professionals should promote approaches that broaden and deepen the understanding of the multiple dimensions of aging, preparing them for a more qualified and sensitive performance to the demands of this population.
Colchicina na indução in vitro de poliploides e efeitos da poliploidização em Mandevillas ornamentais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-30) Leite, Mariana Pelais; Cardoso, Jean Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3681181863704059; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6578-1723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7061758702266032
This study investigates the induction of polyploidy in Mandevilla in vitro, utilizing colchicine as a mitotic inhibitor. The main objective is to establish an effective protocol for polyploidization and evaluate its impacts on three genotypes of Mandevilla. Specific objectives include assessing the effects of exposure time to colchicine on the induction of polyploids, as well as the influence of genotype on the success of polyploid plant development. The results demonstrate that colchicine treatment led to significant changes in the morphological and physiological characteristics of Mandevilla, including alterations in leaf size, stomatal density, chlorophyll content, flower color and size, and photosynthetic efficiency. The findings suggest that induced polyploidization may enhance desirable ornamental characteristics. This research highlights the potential of polyploidization as a strategy to increase the ornamental value of Mandevilla and offers insights for future applications in plant breeding.
Proposta de Sequência Didática para Ensino de Mecânica Quântica no Ensino Médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-30) Silva, Raul Pinheiro da; Cruz, Tersio Guilherme de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0705292304279277; Silva, Fernanda Keila Marinho da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6390725197649567; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9943919353981067
The main objectives of this study were: (1) to develop a didactic sequence that addresses specific topics in Quantum Physics (QP), focusing on debunking pseudoscientific concepts related to the subject; (2) to apply this didactic sequence in high school classes; and (3) to evaluate whether there was progress in students' understanding of quantum concepts. The justification for the study is based on the difficulties highlighted by several authors in teaching Quantum Physics at the high school level, such as the complexity of mathematical formalism, conceptual innovations, limitations in experimental approaches, the lack of didactic materials and outreach, and the insufficient time available to cover these topics adequately. Furthermore, quantum mysticism and the spread of pseudosciences, which often distort scientific principles, reinforce the need for a structured educational intervention. The didactic sequence was developed based on the studies of Antoni Zabala, aiming at a progressive and diversified structure that would facilitate students’ understanding and engagement. The methodology combined a variety of pedagogical approaches, including experimental activities and interactive discussions. The results showed that the sequence was effective: most students reported a better understanding of physical phenomena, and many felt more prepared to distinguish science from pseudoscience. Data analysis indicated an improvement in concept comprehension, highlighting the contribution of this work to the teaching of Quantum Physics in high school and to the reinforcement of critical scientific education.
Carbon credits for solid biofuels in Latin America: a computational tool based on Circular Bioeconomy principles
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-30) Farrapo Junior, Antonio Carlos; Matsuura, Marília Ieda da Silveira Folegatti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326376230054841; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-0624; Silva, Diogo Aparecido Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101747760784249; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7514-7467; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9838737131099013; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-2959
The accelerating global population growth and the burgeoning demand for products forecasted by 2030 necessitate a sustainable transformation in production and consumption patterns to avert ecological catastrophe. Recognizing this urgency, the United Nations (UN) Agenda 2030 emphasizes the need for a Bioeconomy paradigm shift, aiming to reconcile economic growth with environmental stewardship. Within this framework, Bioenergy emerges as a pivotal component, encompassing renewable energy derived from biological sources, notably solid biofuels like biomass pellets and briquettes. Latin America, endowed with abundant biomass resources, has experienced notable growth in solid biofuel production. However, the region continues to face a significant gap in methodological harmonization and policy recognition of these biofuels within carbon credit mechanisms. To address this gap, a life cycle-based methodological framework was developed to estimate the carbon intensity and decarbonization potential of solid biofuels. Inspired by Brazil’s RenovaBio program and its RenovaCalc calculator, a novel tool, namely BioCalc, was designed to quantify greenhouse gas emissions and simulate carbon credit generation for pellets and briquettes. This doctoral thesis is structured into six chapters, four of which are presented in the form of scientific articles. These chapters address global bioenergy policy analysis, comparative assessment of carbon allocation methodologies, evaluation of transportation-related emissions in export contexts, and the design and application of the BioCalc tool to estimate carbon intensity and decarbonization credit potential for solid biofuels. Modeling results demonstrate substantial variability in greenhouse gas emissions and credit generation depending on the methodological approach adopted. Estimated decarbonization potentials ranged from 3.1 to 6.2 million tCO₂e per year, with associated revenue potential between USD 35.8 million and USD 103.9 million annually, highlighting the financial significance of methodological transparency and harmonization. By combining policy analysis, life cycle modeling, and computational innovation, the work contributes a replicable and policy-relevant framework to support the quantification and market integration of solid biofuels. The outcomes provide strategic insights for incorporating pellets and briquettes into national decarbonization programs, such as RenovaBio and the Brazilian Emissions Trading System (SBCE), as well as into emerging mechanisms established under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. More broadly, the findings underscore the crucial role of circular economy principles and methodological clarity in promoting sustainable energy transitions in Latin America and globally.
Liberdade de expressão e coerções do dizer "livremente" nos anos iniciais do séc. XXI: uma análise discursiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-30) Souza, Felipe Masquio de; Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392; Negro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8099696478820921
Cette thèse analyse la liberté d'expression et des coercitions qui leur sont inhérentes et que l'on observe aujourd'hui dans ce que l'on appelle les mouvements de coercition de la parole, tels que le politiquement correct, la place de la parole, la culture de l'annulation et le anticapacitisme. On analyse un corpus dont la source est diversifiée sur la base de l'hypothèse selon laquelle la liberté d'expression est le “parapluie conceptuel” des mouvements d'ajustement de la parole qui ont émergé dans les premières années du 21e siècle. Le cadre théorique méthodologique utilisé dans la recherche se fonde avant tout sur les postulats de Michel Foucault, dans ses travaux des périodes archéologique et généalogique. En outre, des publications récentes issues de domaines extérieurs à l'analyse du discours, tels que la communication et la sociologie, viennent enrichir le regard analytique, en particulier celles de S. Noble et de M. Moore, qui traitent respectivement des algorithmes racialisés et de la démocratie piratée. L'objectif de ce travail était d'analyser certains mouvements de coercition de la parole dans le contexte des réseaux sociaux tels que Facebook, Instagram et X, au regard de leurs directives de communication, ainsi que de leur opposer des énoncés régulateurs, communément identifiés comme de la censure en fonction de certaines formations discursives. Comme résultat, nous avons trouvé - dans les publications des réseaux, les projets de loi, les décrets, les directives de communication et les textes médiatiques - des aspects qui nous ont permis de comprendre l'existence d'un “dispositif” de contrôle de la parole spécifique en plein fonctionnement. Pour l'instant, ce dispositif présente les caractéristiques d'une gouvernementalité néolibérale, qui est actuellement fortement soutenue par les algorithmes qui contrôlent l'internet et, par conséquent, la parole des sujets. Au milieu du discours, on assiste à un “gouvernement du langage", à commencer par le politiquement correct, puis à un “gouvernement des corps”.
Uma análise do tema “Variação linguística” em aulas transmitidas pelo Centro de Mídias da Educação de São Paulo (CMSP) durante o período de Ensino Remoto Emergencial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-30) Bernardo, Luziana Da Silva; Rubio, Cássio Florêncio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8357993415342241; Conde, Dirceu Cleber; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2630773088169073; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-5861; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4725487454988946; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9726-6195
The main objective of this work is to analyze how linguistic variation was taught in classes transmitted by the Media Center (CMSP) to public schools in the state of São Paulo, during the period of emergency remote teaching (ERE), in order to verify whether the teachers adopted the theoretical-methodological perspective of Variationist and Educational Sociolinguistics regarding the teaching of linguistic variation and what was done with the students to awaken a sociolinguistic awareness. This research, with a qualitative approach and bibliographical-documentary type, is based on ideas originating in Educational Sociolinguistics (Bortoni-Ricardo, 2004, 2005; Bagno, 2007; Faraco, 2007, 2008; among other studies) and analyzes a corpus made up of class recordings from the São Paulo Education Media Center (CMSP). The research was carried out according to the following stages: 1. Bibliographic survey and literature review about teaching linguistic variation; 2. Corpus constitution (access to CMSP recordings and selection of a set of lessons broadcast during the ERE); 3. Transcription of some selected lessons; and 4. Analysis and discussion of the results. This study presents the analysis of the set of online lessons relating to the final years of elementary school II and secondary school. The analysis reveals that the ERE period could have been a good opportunity to work on developing students' sociolinguistic awareness, using various technological tools, such as videos, images, music, etc., considering that many schools do not have the structural conditions to do this in classroom teaching. However, despite these new possibilities, we found that the teaching of linguistic variation is still superficial, without much in-depth study of the factors that cause variation in the language; teaching is restricted to presenting the types of variation in a theoretical way, without showing students in a practical way how these variations occur. In addition, we found that the teachers had little knowledge of the use of technologies applied to teaching, which made those classes a reflection of what was already happening in public school classrooms, that is, a traditional methodology, focused on rules and the transmission of content. Clearly, the pandemic has passed and those recorded lessons will continue to be available on the internet. However, we hope that this study can contribute to improve the content made available on CMSP, and the training offered there for state school teachers, not just in São Paulo, but throughout Brazil. We also hope that the training offered will be of high quality, with the necessary topics and up-to-date materials, as well as encouraging teachers to read books, articles etc. on the subject of variation and teaching, the use of technologies and more dynamic methodologies than the traditional ones, allowing these topics to be explored in all their complexity and in full.
A contribuição do contexto na representação documental de memes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-30) Felix, Luiza Correia Lima; Zafalon, Zaira Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1584935790390793; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-2138; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2155905875916728; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9432-0668
Memes are defined as replicating units of culture that spread through imitation, transmitting ideas, behaviors, and styles while also evolving and adapting over time. They constitute a communicational object infused with humor and criticism, frequently used as a tool for disseminating ideas, promoting debates, and reflecting on social and political issues. In light of this, the research sought to answer the following question: "What is the contribution of context to the documentary representation of memes?" To address this question, the general objective was established as discussing the role of context in the documentary representation of memes. The following specific objectives were also defined: addressing the documentary aspect of memes; analyzing the informational content in meme messages; examining processes of documentary representation of images; and validating the documentary representation of memes based on the composition of messages and their contexts. To achieve these goals, an exploratory, qualitative, and applied methodological perspective was adopted, involving a bibliographic review and the collection of memes related to the 2022 Brazilian presidential elections, analyzed using the documentary analysis method. For the validation of the proposed protocol, methods based on facet analysis and combinations with theoretical proposals from other authors were used to carry out the documentary representation of memes collected on Instagram. The results demonstrated that memes, as documents, contain multiple contextual layers that should be enriched in their documentary representation, allowing for new perspectives on the cataloging and organization of digital informational documents.
Conjunto de dados: Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-30) Santos, Clóvis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937137215090395; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3690-9251