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Integração e miniaturização de sensores comerciais de baixo custo para monitoramento hídrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-08-27) Ribeiro, Fernanda Renata Almeida; Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-302X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2639956639964032; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9324-6585; Castro, Eryza Guimarães de; Sitta, Elton Fabiano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6638593692685109; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326476348284298; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-8355; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-0076
This dissertation presents the development of a low-cost platform for water quality monitoring, utilizing the Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller and an integration of commercial sensors. The proposed system aims to offer an accessible and efficient solution for collecting data on essential water parameters, such as temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, and turbidity. The work details the sensor integration methodology, the firmware developed for data acquisition and processing, and the modular architecture that allows for expansion to different application scenarios. The system was designed to be robust and easily replicable, contributing to the democratization of environmental monitoring and the early detection of changes in water quality. Although detailed validation and calibration results are still being obtained, the platform demonstrates the potential to be a valuable tool in environmental studies and water resource management.
Dinâmica espacial do carbono e atributos do solo em sistemas de uso da terra no Cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-08-27) Landgraf, Mateus Lanzotti; Figueiredo, Eduardo Barretto de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0436224807041986; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9898044872784088; Oliveira, Anna Hoffmann; Bordonal, Ricardo de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6666918682171234; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0343737275048674
Soil carbon stock is a crucial indicator of soil health and an important component of climate‑change mitigation, being directly influenced by land‑use and management practices. Low‑carbon agriculture seeks to reconcile food production with environmental sustainability, aligning with commitments to reduce greenhouse‑gas emissions. This study primarily aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of soil carbon stock (SCS) in the 0–60 cm layer among Integrated Livestock–Forest (IPF), Cropland, and Pasture systems, and to analyze the relationship between total carbon and soil physicochemical variables. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm, and analyses were performed to determine a range of physicochemical attributes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify the attributes that most contributed to variability in soil properties among management systems. Subsequently, Spearman’s correlation analysis was applied to test the association between total carbon and soil attributes within each system. Means of soil carbon stock were statistically compared using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test (p < 0.05). PCA results indicated that attributes such as aluminum saturation, exchangeable aluminum, organic matter (OM), pH, and base cations (calcium, magnesium, potassium), in addition to textural fractions and sulfur, were the main determinants of variability in soil attributes across the evaluated systems. The correlation analysis showed that OM had the strongest positive and significant correlation with total carbon in all managements (IPF, Cropland, and Pasture). In contrast, aluminum and aluminum saturation consistently displayed negative correlations with carbon. Correlations for other attributes varied among systems: sand correlated negatively in Cropland and Pasture but not in IPF, and potassium showed no significant correlation in Pasture. For soil carbon stocks (0–60 cm), Cropland had the highest mean (117.22 t ha⁻¹), followed by IPF (107.5 t ha⁻¹) and Pasture (93.17 t ha⁻¹), revealing that SCS differs statistically among systems, depending on management and each area’s physicochemical characteristics. Cropland and IPF systems demonstrated greater potential to maintain or increase soil carbon compared with Pasture in the study area. Organic matter is the primary factor influencing soil carbon stock across all managements, reinforcing the importance of agricultural practices aimed at building OM for the sustainability of agroecosystems.
Disfunção temporomandibular e sintomas otológicos: efeitos e relevância clínica da terapia manual e de exercícios terapêuticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-08-27) Tavares, Luiz Felipe; Calixtre, Letícia Bojikian; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8265560955064959; Oliveira, Ana Beatriz de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1049547759186556; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8739792020956702; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5227-2599; Selistre, Luiz Fernando Approbato; Ribeiro, Karyna Myrelly Oliveira Bezerra de Figueiredo; Ferreira, Ana Paula de Lima; Gadotti, Inae Caroline; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1776458133234039; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9795076623959418; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6897040612795918; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5518164974662615
Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a complex musculoskeletal condition often causes orofacial pain, functional limitations, and otological symptoms. Specific cervical exercises and manual therapy are widely used strategies for managing TMD-related symptoms; however, their effects on otologic symptoms remain unclear. Aerobic exercise, despite its therapeutic potential for musculoskeletal pain, is still underexplored in this population. Objectives: This thesis investigated the effectiveness and clinical relevance of physiotherapy interventions involving manual therapy and specific cervical exercises, alone or in combination with aerobic training, on orofacial pain, neck disability, and otological symptoms in women with chronic TMD. The specific aims were: (1) to analyze the effectiveness of manual therapy and therapeutic exercises on otologic symptoms in individuals with TMD through a systematic review (Article 1); (2) to evaluate the additional effects of aerobic training to cervical exercises on orofacial pain, neck disability, and related outcomes in a randomized controlled trial (Article 2); (3) to assess whether otological symptoms secondary to TMD improve after isolated cervical exercises or combined with aerobic training (Article 3); and (4) to determine the clinical relevance of the effects of these interventions using distribution- and anchor-based methods, with a focus on the minimal important difference (MID) (Article 4). Methods: The thesis comprised a systematic review and a randomized controlled trial. The systematic review included studies that evaluated the effects of manual therapy and exercises on otological symptoms in individuals with TMD, with certainty of evidence assessed using the GRADE approach. The randomized controlled trial enrolled 58 women with chronic TMD, allocated to two groups: (1) cervical exercises (strengthening and stretching of flexors, extensors, and rotators, and spinal mobility) and (2) cervical exercises combined with aerobic treadmill training. The intervention lasted eight weeks, with two sessions per week. Outcomes included orofacial pain, neck disability, otological symptoms, mandibular function, oral health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, and pressure pain thresholds of masticatory and cervical muscles. Statistical analyses included repeated-measures models, multilevel modeling (MLM), and estimation of the MID using distribution- and anchor-based methods. Results: The systematic review found that combining exercises with manual therapy may improve otological symptoms in individuals with TMD, but the certainty of evidence was low. In the clinical trial, no statistically significant differences were found between groups. However, both groups showed significant within-group improvements in pain, neck disability, otological symptoms, mandibular function, quality of life, and self-efficacy. Effect sizes were generally larger in the group that combined cervical and aerobic exercises. Otological symptoms significantly decreased in both groups, with clinically relevant reductions, particularly for tinnitus, earache, and ear fullness. Clinical relevance analysis showed that between-group differences did not reach the MID thresholds, whereas within-group effects were moderate to large. MID values ranged from 17.05 to 31.56 mm for pain intensity, and from 1.04 to 3.41 points for neck disability. Conclusion: Combining exercises with manual therapy may improve otological symptoms in individuals with TMD, though the certainty of evidence remains low. Adding aerobic training to specific cervical exercises did not yield additional benefits in reducing orofacial pain or otological symptoms in women with TMD. This thesis provides evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions and offers clinically relevant parameters to support evidence-based practice and patient-centered decision-making.
Agenda Ambiental da Administração Pública (A3P): estudo da gestão ambiental no IFSP, baseado nas diretrizes estabelecidas pela A3P
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-08-27) Biscegli, Adriana Margarida de Jesus; Fonseca, Sérgio Azevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879240108726907; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-2668; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0585426478066137; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9754-0924; Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de; Mendonça, Roberto Ramon; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6851036757444031; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-1400; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-952X
The search for sustainability has become an essential condition for the preservation of life. Climate change and natural disasters have increasingly highlighted the urgency of balancing development and environmental conservation, which has led the Brazilian government to expand its legal framework and invest in programs aimed at raising awareness and mitigating adverse impacts.The Environmental Agenda in Public Administration (A3P) is a program created by the Ministry of the Environment, which aims to encourage public agencies in the country to implement sustainability practices. Considering the importance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the production and dissemination of knowledge, as well as their social influence, this research aims to investigate the theme of environmental management on the campuses of the Federal Institute of São Paulo (IFSP), conducting an analysis of the sustainable actions implemented on the different campuses of the institution based on the axs that make up the Environmental Agenda in Public Administration (A3P). The research is classified as exploratory and descriptive, with a quantitative approach, outlined as a survey, of an applied nature. Data collection was conducted thru the application of a questionnaire and supplemented by documentary research and the gathering of information from the IFSP campuses' websites. The research results indicate that the IFSP campuses that participated in the study partially comply with the guidelines proposed by the Environmental Agenda in Public Administration. However, some challenges need to be faced, especially regarding the consolidation and awareness of sustainability committees, as well as the adoption, in the different campuses of the institution, of the actions and events of good environmental practices proposed by the IFSP Sustainability Plan.
Higher order div-curl type estimates for elliptic linear differential operators on localizable Hardy spaces
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-08-27) Machado, Catarina Barbosa; Picon, Tiago Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7853908129934448; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5911-8212; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1303937018444919; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3295-5843; Picon, Tiago Henrique; Dafni, Galia; Russ, Emmanuel; Araújo, Gabriel Cueva Candido Soares de; Hoepfner, Gustavo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7853908129934448; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8737900943590855; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7742503790793940; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5911-8212; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5078-7724; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6147-7078; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9669-5059; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4639-7539
In this PhD thesis, we investigate div-curl type estimates associated with linear partial differential operators on Hardy-Sobolev spaces. The main result establishes a local extension of div-curl estimates for elliptic homogeneous linear partial differential operators with smooth complex coefficients in localizable Hardy-Sobolev spaces, inspired by the classical result due to Coifman, Lions, Meyer and Semmes. This version recovers known results in the literature concerning first-order operators associated with elliptic systems of complex vector fields. As key tools, we develop a new Calderón-Zygmund decomposition and a Poincaré-type inequality in localizable Hardy-Sobolev spaces. A second main result presents a global nonhomogeneous version of div-curl type estimates in the localizable Hardy space for p = 1, associated with complex vector fields with constant coefficients. As an application, we provide a new characterization of the local bmo space in Euclidean space associated with div-curl terms.
Análise de estratégias de fim de vida para placas de circuito impresso: uma abordagem baseada em avaliação do ciclo de vida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-08-27) Silva, Abner Fernandes Souza da; Silva, João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3823047207711289; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-5065; Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101036108950133; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6374-1792; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4295301076270880; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4080-104X; Rocha, Tiago Barreto; Giusti, Gabriela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3214816208041170; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9571785847881246; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6445-8315; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-8353
Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are important components of electrical and electronic equipment. Due to their composition, which includes materials of high value as well as others with potential hazards to the environment and human health, they have become the focus of growing concern. The present work analyzed strategies for end-of-life management of printed circuit boards (PCBs) in Brazil, integrating a systematic literature review, modeling for the prediction of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), and scenario assessment using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The significant increase in publications addressing hydrometallurgical methods for metal recovery from PCBs has highlighted the potential for sending them to recycling processes. However, gaps such as recovery processes through biometallurgy and the management of reverse logistics still need to be explored, pointing to opportunities for future research. Forecasting WEEE generation in Latin America proved to be essential, where per capita GDP and Human Development Index (HDI) were used as variables. The generated model showed that economic and social development directly impact the quantity of waste generated, reinforcing the importance of specific public policies for the management of WEEE reverse logistics. The possible end-of-life scenarios for PCBs were evaluated using the LCA technique, and the results indicated that a recycling plant in Brazil, based on the acidic hydrometallurgical method, would be the most sustainable solution among the scenarios evaluated. The recovery of precious metals, such as gold and palladium, proved to be fundamental for reducing environmental impacts and generating economic value by reinserting materials into the production cycle, while processing in Brazil minimizes the impacts associated with transport to other countries, as currently occurs. This work contributes to the advancement of sustainable management of reverse logistics of electronic waste by providing well-founded support for public policies and business initiatives, reinforcing the importance of regional strategies and investments in innovative technologies to promote a circular economy.
Déficits habitacionais: os limites da interpretação do fenômeno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-08-27) Forcel, Priscila Kauana Barelli; Cunha, Tiago Augusto da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3047651007651966; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4634-8497; Miyasaka, Elza Luli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8353923902800804; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-9672; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7012203403989895; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1321-4716
Recent estimates indicate that the housing deficit in Brazil exceeds 6 million dwellings, driven by increasing urban population concentration and growing barriers to homeownership. This dissertation analyzes the methodology for calculating the housing deficit developed by the João Pinheiro Foundation (FJP), focusing on its application at the intracity scale. The research acknowledges the institutional relevance of this methodology but questions its conceptual, operational, and political limitations, especially in light of the socio-spatial inequalities that characterize Brazilian cities. The objective is to critically examine the FJP methodology using a qualitative and multiscalar approach, based on secondary data from the 2010 Demographic Census and local surveys conducted in the municipality of Jacareí-SP. The methodological framework includes a review of the housing deficit concept, a theoretical analysis of the FJP methodology, and its practical application to census microdata. The results indicate that the housing deficit is not a neutral absence, but a normative construct that determines who is or is not recognized as a subject of public policy. The analysis revealed limitations in the methodology when applied at the intermunicipal level - particularly through the use of census weighting areas - which obscures internal inequalities and phenomena such as overcrowding, excessive housing cost burden, and inadequate sanitation. The research also incorporated a sociodemographic and infrastructure analysis of deficit households, deepening the diagnostic beyond absolute housing numbers. The limitations encountered - such as the unavailability of 2022 census microdata and the rigidity of official tools - did not compromise the analysis, but rather reinforced the critique of relying solely on census data for urban planning. The study concludes that it is urgent to develop local strategies for housing monitoring based on integrated, multiscalar, and territory-sensitive approaches. This dissertation thus seeks to contribute to the improvement of housing public policies, grounded in fairer, more sensitive, and territorially qualified diagnostics.
Estágios imaturos de Lepidoptera e seus parasitoides associados ao gênero Myrsine L. (Primulaceae) na Reserva Biológica da Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-08-27) Barbosa, Anderson Henrique da Silva; Dias Filho, Manoel Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0726-7069; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0319466046512818; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3900-0505; Rocha, Odete; Onody, Helena Carolina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4570932641664551
Changes in rainfall can affect the structure of ecological communities, influencing the interactions amongst trophic levels. In terrestrial tritrophic systems involving herbivores such as immature Lepidoptera, their host plants and parasitoids, these changes are very complex and hard to predict, especially in the tropical Atlantic rainforest. Since the knowledge about species distribution and seasonal patterns are necessary for conservation efforts, the main objective of this work is to evaluate the temporal variation in the community structure of immature Lepidoptera associated with Myrsine L. species and their interactions with parasitoids in an atlantic rainforest area. The study was conducted at the Reserva Biologica da Serra do Japi, in the township of Jundiaí, São Paulo state, Brazil. From March to August 2024, Immature Lepidoptera were sampled with an entomological umbrella in 33 host plants, distributed in two species of the family Primulaceae: Myrsine umbellata (N=19) and Myrsine gardneriana (N=14). The immature lepidopterans were taken to the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Hymenoptera Parasitoides (INCT-HYMPAR) in the town of São Carlos, SP, and were kept under laboratory conditions until the emergence of Adult Lepidoptera or eventual parasitoids. The specimens were deposited at the Coleção Taxonômica do Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil (DCBU). In total, 215 larvae of Lepidoptera were recorded, distributed in 8 families (Erebidae, Geometridae, Limacodidae, Noctuidae, Psychidae, Riodinidae, Saturniidae and Tortricidae) and 46 species and morphospecies. Phrygionis polita was the most abundant species (N=46). Richness and Diversity values were higher for the dry season and the early dry season had the higher sample coverage. Immature abundance was statistically consistent over time (p=0,86084). There was a significant variation in the species composition (p=0.0116) and the variation was mostly explained by the higher abundances of some species in the early dry season. A total of 131 parasitoids were reared, belonging to two orders (Hymenoptera and Diptera), 4 families and 19 morphospecies. A new species of the genus Colpotrochia Holmgren was recorded and described. Parasitism proportion differed between seasons and was higher in the dry season; changes in the trophic interactions were also observed. Thus, this work provides new ecological data and reinforces the importance of studies with immature Lepidoptera for conservation.
Déficits habitacionais: os limites da interpretação do fenômeno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-08-27) Forcel, Priscila Kauana Barelli; Miyasaka, Elza Luli; Cunha, Tiago Augusto da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7012203403989895; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8353923902800804; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3047651007651966; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1321-4716; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-9672; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4634-8497