Um estudo do número de inscrições e dos inscritos no ENEM no período de 2013 a 2022

Abstract

The Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais An´ısio Teixeira (INEP) is a federal agency linked to the Minist´erio da Educa¸c˜ao (MEC) and aims to promote educational actions in Brazil. It plays a fundamental role in creating education-related measures that are essential for the country’s social and economic progress. Since 1998, INEP has been responsible for organizing and executing all procedures of the then-created Exame Nacional do Ensino M´edio (ENEM), designed to assess high school graduates. From 2009, the ENEM underwent a comprehensive reformulation process and began to be used as a tool for selecting students for public and private higher education institutions, becoming one of the main instruments for democratizing access to higher education. The new ENEM initially experienced growth in the number of registrants, but recent years have seen a significant reduction in the number of participants. It is observed that few studies have been carried out to identify the factors responsible for this decline in the number of exam participants. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the possible factors contributing to the reduction in the number of ENEM participants. The results obtained indicate that age, time of high school completion, and parents’ level of education were identified as factors contributing to the decrease in the number of registrants. With the support of different statistical methods, the performance of participants in the tests was also analyzed. The achieved results indicate a pattern of test performance from 2013 to 2016 and another pattern with some differences in the years from 2017 to 2022. Additionally, analyses show an association between groups of participants with specific characteristics and their average performance in the tests over the years, particularly among those where a reduction in ENEM participation was observed.