Associação de Trichoderma spp. e substâncias em altas diluições no desenvolvimento inicial de pimenta biquinho (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)

Abstract

Agroecology is a science that supports family agriculture in a socioeconomic context, is based on the use of natural resources in a conscious way, promoting balance and developing the rural environment in a sustainable way. Therefore, there is a need for the application of techniques that make production systems viable. Among them, one has the use of microorganisms and high dilutions substances, being essential the understanding of their association. In this work we opted for the study of “biquinho” pepper, which is a short-cycle plant adapted to the tropical climate, with good acceptance by consumers due to the absence of pungency and high added value, making this crop very important for agriculture Brazilian family. The Trichoderma spp. promote the growth of plants, as they are able to produce phytohormones. They have the potential to solubilize phosphates and to act in the biological control of pathogens. The use of high dilutions substances aims to promote equilibrium in the production system and assist in the development of plants. This work was divided in two stages: in the first, the isolated effect of the high dilutions substances was evaluated in the in vitro development of Trichoderma spp. and the germination of the seeds of “biquinho” pepper; in the second stage, the association of Trichoderma spp. and high dilution substances in the initial development of the “biquinho” pepper was studied. The Trichoderma isolates studied were: Trichoderma harzianum - ESALQ 1306, Trichoderma atroviride - GEBio - F (FZEA) and Trichoderma asperellum - GEBio - R (FZEA). The high dilution vi substances (30CH - 10-60) were: Kali iodatum, Kali sulphuricum, Natrum phoshoricum, Antimonium tartaricum, Silicea terra, Arsenicum album, Arnica montana and Pulsatilla nigricans. The results of the first one showed that there was a differentiated effect of the high dilutions substances in relation to the Trichoderma isolates: T. atroviride and T. asperellum were positively influenced by Antimonium tartaricum and Silicea terra, and Kali iodatum and Pulsatilla nigricans, respectively. Pulsatilla nigricans and Antimonium tartaricum favored the germination of “biquinho” pepper seeds. The results of the second stage showed that there was interaction between high dilutions substances (30CH) and Trichoderma spp. for the bioreactors of the shoot and the root system, negatively interfering in its initial development.