Seleção de materiais poliméricos para blindagem de baterias de carros elétricos
Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are an increasingly imminent reality, given the behind-thescenes efforts by major automakers to comply with new environmental regulations and
enhance mobility efficiency. When considering an EV, two components are the primary
subjects of study for improvement: the electric motor and the batteries. The main
challenges in the sector are to provide safety and reliability in a new technology. One
of these challenges is to provide solutions for electromagnetic shielding of Li-ion
batteries. To achieve this, an enclosure is used to protect these batteries, and
commonly, they are manufactured using metallic alloys. These covers are susceptible
to mechanical loads, high impact forces (collisions), thermal instability (fires), and
electromagnetic interference. Due to market demand, efficiency with low weight is
sought, highlighting specific properties. In this context, polymeric materials have
emerged as potential candidates for such applications. The focus of this study was to
discuss the possibility of replacing conventional metallic alloys with polymer matrix
materials, leveraging the low material density. Thus, the conventional Ashby
methodology was applied to maximize electrical conductivity and toughness while
reducing density and cost. As a result, a class of candidates was identified, mainly
based on thermoplastic matrices reinforced with carbon fibers. These materials proved
suitable for use in this application. However, a critical analysis of their commercial
feasibility is necessary. In addition to discussing this issue, the current landscape of
the polymer material development industry for electromagnetic shielding of electric car
batteries was also analyzed.
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