O uso e ocupação da terra e as águas subterrâneas: análise do perigo de contaminação, aplicando os métodos GOD e POSH no Aquífero Tubarão, município de Itu / SP
Resumo
The exploitation of groundwater in Brazil ensures water security for millions of people
and the various residues discarded by man, coupled with lack of proper planning, have
been compromising the quality of these waters. The respective work analyzed the
society-nature relationship according to the use and occupation of the land and its
impacts on the quality of the groundwater. The study area was delimited by the portion
of the Tubarão Aquifer situated in the Municipality of Itu / SP. The city suffers with
constant hydric crises and the underground water becomes an important resource for
the complementation of the public supply. Regarding the methodological aspects, it
was accomplished firstly a bibliographical revision in the intention of having a safe base
on the thematic that involves the underground water dynamics, as well as aspects that
involve or affect its quality. The GOD method was also used to analyze the natural
vulnerability of the aquifer and the POSH method was used to analyze the potential
contaminant loads, diffuse or punctual, in the study area. Subsequently, a study of the
contamination danger to the Tubarão Aquifer in Itu / SP was carried out, starting with
the land use and occupation analysis, with the making of the map of the potential
contaminant loads, in superposition to the natural vulnerability map of the aquifer, thus
defining the respective danger levels for the studied area. Field observations were
made in order to empirically verify the danger areas of contamination, relevant to the
present study. With the application of the methods and relevant analyses, the natural
vulnerability was classified as low to high vulnerability, the potential contaminant loads
were classified as low to high, and the hazard levels of contamination ranged from very
low to high. The factors that influenced these results were also identified, thus
identifying the human activities with the highest probability of negative impacts on the
aquifer.
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