Vigilância digital e suas implicações no âmbito da educação: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Abstract
In the contemporary context of a digital culture already deeply rooted in current societies, this study aimed to analyze how the theme of "digital surveillance" has been addressed in the scientific literature in the Brazilian context, especially in its ramifications in the educational field. Thus, through an exploratory study with a qualitative-quantitative approach, enabled by the execution of a systematic literature review, the contexts of surveillance capitalism, algorithmic modulation, and data colonialism were analyzed in their influences in the field of education. In this sense, digitally vigilant practices carried out on networked digital platforms, owned by information technology mega corporations (big techs), have also been exercised in the educational context. This panorama, heavily impacted by the migration of pedagogical activities to online educational platforms caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, exposed the education sector to a market in which personal data and data from interactions on networked platforms are highly valuable. Through this study, it was possible to understand the phenomenon of digital surveillance based on scientific production in the national context. However, it was considered that the quantity of publications addressing the theme is still incipient, especially with its focus on education. En el contexto contemporáneo de una cultura digital ya profundamente arraigada en las sociedades actuales, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar cómo el tema “vigilancia digital” ha sido tratado por la literatura científica en el contexto brasileño, especialmente en sus desarrollos en el área educativa. Así, a través de un estudio exploratorio, con enfoque cuali-cuantitativo, posible gracias a la realización de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se analizaron los contextos del capitalismo de vigilancia, la modulación algorítmica y el colonialismo de datos en sus influencias en el campo de la educación. En este sentido, las prácticas de vigilancia digital ejercidas en plataformas digitales en red, propiedad de mega corporaciones de tecnologías de la información (big techs), también comenzaron a ejercerse en el contexto educativo. Este panorama, fuertemente impactado por la migración de actividades pedagógicas a plataformas educativas en línea provocada por la pandemia de Covid-19, expuso al sector educativo a un mercado en el que los datos personales y los datos de las interacciones en plataformas en red son muy valiosos. A través de este estudio fue posible comprender el fenómeno de la vigilancia digital basada en la producción científica en el contexto nacional. Sin embargo, se consideró que el número de publicaciones que abordan el tema es aún incipiente, especialmente con su enfoque en educación.
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