Planejamento urbano e conservação ambiental. Estudo de caso: Goiânia-GO.
Abstract
The main objective of this work is contribute to Goiânia city environmental planning, with special
focus in fragile (sensitive) areas, in valley areas. We started with biophysical characterization of
the area, identifying and delimitating, in the Urban Zone (ZU) and Expanded Urban Zone (ZEU),
fragile (sensitive) areas (areas with medium and high Natural Erosion Potential PNE and/or
areas related to the hidrological cycle - floodplans). We also identified federal and municipal
(county) regulations, and the proposals of Goiânia Director Plans for valley areas. Then we
evaluated their adequability, foccusing environmental conservation. Finally, based on actual
diagnosis of land use in valley areas, Environmental Protected Zones I (ZPA-I) associated to
hidrography and the fragile (sensitive) areas within these areas, we evaluated the applicability of
laws and plans for valley areas during (along) the city development and grow. Evaluating Legal
rules and planning guidelines, we identified that since 1960, permanent preservation areas with at
minimum 50 meters from the river flood height, should receive land uses compatible with
environmental conservation (recreational, cultural, environmental education, park etc). ZU e ZEU
presented 40.73% of areas with medium and high PNE in valley areas, representing 59.69% of
valley areas, and 22.01% of that are legally protected by ZPAs-I. The ZPas-I represent 14.62% of
ZU and ZEU (49.22% of it are represented by areas of medium and high PNE) and have only
44.21% of natural vegetation which 10.71% are within properties. Properties areas already
occuppy 26.62% of ZPAs-I. In valley areas only 34.81% are vegetated, and in valley areas legally
protected by ZPAs-I, 47.46% have natural vegetation. In valleys´s fragile areas 31.66% are
vegetated. When those areas are protected by ZPAs-I, vegetated areas increase to 40.71%. The
floodplans (within valley and legally protected by ZPAs-I) are 56.54% covered by vegetation which
13.88% are within properties. The results evidenciated that valley areas are structurally and
functionally fragile (sensitive) and municipal plans and legal regulations for these areas are
adequated. However, regulations measurements for buffer zones (ZPAs-I) usually don´t cover all
fragille areas (areas with medium and high PNE). Finnaly the study identified insufficient urban
instruments (Director Plans and land use regulations) to efectivelly protect fragile areas during
(along) the city development and grow. Even dough, fragile areas within valleys, legally protected
by ZPAs-I, presented better environmental conservation conditions than the others fragile areas.