Utilização de conhecimento de senso comum no planejamento de ações de aprendizado apoiado por computador
Visualizar/ Abrir
Data
2007-07-06Autor
Carvalho, Aparecido Fabiano Pinatti de
Metadata
Mostrar registro completoResumo
Common sense and learning. How can this kind of knowledge, which refers to the knowledge
shared by the majority of people who are inserted into the same social and cultural context,
support teachers to plan learning activities which fit to pedagogical issues, important to an
effective learning? How can computational technologies make viable the use of this kind of
knowledge by teachers, supporting them to make decisions during the planning of tasks of a
specific learning activity? This research answers these questions (i) evaluating how common
sense knowledge is related to Learning Theories, proposed by Paulo Freire, Célestin Freinet,
David Ausubel and Robert Gagné, authors who are renowned in the pedagogical area; (ii)
exploring how computational technologies can be used to collect and present this kind of
knowledge to teachers; (iii) suggesting ways to teachers use it, in order to reach pedagogical
issues; and (iv) showing the use of a framework to plan learning activity, considering the
suggestions of using common sense to plan learning activities, made in this research. The
suggestions can be summarized in supporting teachers: (a) to decide the detail level of the
learning activity topics, based on the knowledge that the target group demonstrates to have well
formalized, as well as on the misunderstandings that it makes about other topics, and on the
information that it forgets to mention in the knowledge base; (b) to identify topics of general
interest to be taught; (c) to identify a common vocabulary used by the target group; and (d) to
support the use of cognitive operators. For this purpose, it is used computational resources,
developed in the context of Artificial Intelligence researches, to plan a learning activity in the in
the health domain, specifically in the domain of home caring a sick person. Teachers from the
Nursing Department of the Federal University of São Carlos use these resources to plan a
learning activity, taking into account the common sense knowledge acquired from the Brazilian
population, stored in the knowledge base of the Brazilian Open Mind Common Sense Project,
developed by the Advanced Interaction Laboratory from the Computer Department of the same
University in partnership with the Media Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. The learning activity main goal is to prepare Nursing learners to interact with the
population, from which the knowledge was acquired, orienting people from that population
about the procedures that might be taken, in order to home care a sick person. The results
obtained are critically analyzed and they point to the validity of the suggestions of using
common sense to plan learning activities made in this research