Ajustes e adaptações do exercício físico resistido de baixa intensidade e longas séries nas variáveis autonômicas, ventilatórias, musculares e hemodinâmicas em idosos com doença arterial coronariana
Abstract
The thesis consisted of three studies described below. The study I, entitled
"Hemodynamic and metabolic response during aerobic and resistance dynamic
exercise in different intensities: A cross-sectional study on implications of intensity on
safety and symptoms in patients with coronary disease". Where the objective of this
study was to evaluate the clinical and physiological responses during resistance
exercise in loads of 30 and 60% of 1-RM on the leg press 45° and compare the
responses with maximum aerobic exercise. The evaluation included aerobic test on
cycle ergometer and resistance test in leg press 45°. Ventilation, hemodynamic and
clinical measurements were performed. The results showed that 60% of resistance
exercise and the dynamic test increased variables response studied in compared the
load of 30% in resistance exercise. We conclude that high repetition of resistance
exercise results in physiological changes at an intensity comparable to maximal
aerobic exercise. Further, the study II, entitled "Resistance training improves heart rate
variability and muscular performance: A randomized controlled trial in patients with
coronary artery disease study" The objective was to investigate the effects of a high
repetition program/low load resistance training (RT) (HR/LL-RT) in heart rate variability
(HRV) in muscular strength and endurance in patients with CAD. Test were carried out
in 1-RM test in leg press 45°, HRV was captured in the supine position before and after
eight weeks of RT. The HR/LL-RT program consisted of an exercise using leg press
45°; (three sets, twenty repetitions, twice a week for eight weeks). The results showed
that after eight weeks RT there was a significant increase in the values of the RMSSD,
ApEn SD1 indices and only the TG (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in Mean
HR after RT for TG (p<0.05). Additionally, there was significant improvement in
muscular strength and endurance only for the TG (p<0.05). We conclude that eight
weeks of HR/LL-RT is a sufficient stimulus to change heart function, muscle strength
and endurance in patients with CAD. Finally, the study III, entitled: ''What the impact of
resistance training on hemodynamic, autonomic and metabolic variables in coronary
artery disease patients? The randomized controlled trial of eight weeks''. Where the
objective was to evaluate the hemodynamic, metabolic, and the HRV effects during
maximum intensity tolerated in constant loads protocols during dynamic and resistance
exercise before and after eight weeks of resistance training program of low intensity
and high reps (RTLHr) in patients with CAD. The results showed increase in maximum
and submaximal load (p<0.01) and attenuation of the hemodynamic performance in the
higher load (p<0.01) and reduced lactate concentration compared for TG. During the
cycle ergometer exercise, there was attenuation of hemodynamic performance and
increased minute ventilation (p<0.01). Finally, the TRBAr produced greater
parasympathetic contribution (RMSSD and SD1), after RT. We conclude that eight
weeks of RTLHr may attenuate the hemodynamic stress, metabolic and autonomic
during resistance exercise with cardiovascular and autonomic beneficial effects also in
the dynamic exercise.