Protótipo de um gaseificador “downdraft” para geração de energia elétrica em localidades de comunidades vulneráveis

Abstract

This study explored the application of technology and social engineering aimed at the theoretical development and conceptualization of a biomass gasifier prototype for electricity generation in vulnerable communities in Brazil. Although the social role of engineering is growing, it remains incipient from a scientific perspective. In this context, to conceptually apply and practice the profession as a whole, it was necessary to take precautions and adopt measures to propose innovations not only in industry and processes but also for the general population. This work aimed to offer a technological proposition to address the energy exclusion faced by Brazilian communities that are disadvantaged due to rights violations and/or adverse impacts. Nevertheless, environmental sustainability is indispensable in any innovation, whether socially inclusive or not. To this end, the study proposed the use of varied and abundant biomass in the form of by-products from major industries near these communities. The methodology included applied scientific research, from the theoretical characterization of the biomass to the final result—the sizing of the prototype. A downdraft-type gasifier was designed with a daily energy generation capacity sufficient to meet the energy demand of the community of Brejo Dois Irmãos (Bahia). The results indicated the technical and economic feasibility of the gasifier, highlighting its contribution to environmental sustainability and social inclusion. In addition to addressing the main issue, the discussion emphasized social and environmental benefits, such as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the promotion of sustainable waste management. However, challenges such as the technical training of communities and institutional support were identified as barriers to be overcome. In conclusion, the biomass gasifier is a promising technology to confront and mitigate energy exclusion, especially when allied with local private companies through tax incentives, promoting energy autonomy, local development, and the use of residual biomass from industrial processes. Although the study was theoretical, it provided a solid foundation for future research and practical implementations, aligning with the sustainable development goals.