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A relação entre a similaridade dos padrões voluntários de sustentabilidade e o comércio dos países exportadores de café
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Secches, Ana Luiza; Faria, Rosane Nunes de; lattes.cnpq.br/1172221536399083
This study investigates the effect of institutional alignment in Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) adoption on the trade intensity of coffee-exporting countries. The analysis considers whether exporters tend to trade more intensively with partners that share similar sustainability standards. The methodology integrates 2022 bilateral export data with two similarity indices (Jaccard and Cosine) and the Trade Intensity Index. Results reveal a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between VSS similarity and trade intensity across all exporters. However, this association weakens or becomes negative among major producers. This suggests that smaller exporters may use VSS alignment as a strategy to overcome entry barriers and access new markets, while major producers, already operating through consolidated export channels, tend to rely more on price competitiveness, scale, and long-standing buyer relationships than on institutional convergence.
Protótipo de um gaseificador “downdraft” para geração de energia elétrica em localidades de comunidades vulneráveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Missier, Étore Medola Del; Ferreira Palhares, Adriana Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5736423072715628; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1783-1973; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805151471720353
This study explored the application of technology and social engineering aimed at the theoretical development and conceptualization of a biomass gasifier prototype for electricity generation in vulnerable communities in Brazil. Although the social role of engineering is growing, it remains incipient from a scientific perspective. In this context, to conceptually apply and practice the profession as a whole, it was necessary to take precautions and adopt measures to propose innovations not only in industry and processes but also for the general population. This work aimed to offer a technological proposition to address the energy exclusion faced by Brazilian communities that are disadvantaged due to rights violations and/or adverse impacts. Nevertheless, environmental sustainability is indispensable in any innovation, whether socially inclusive or not. To this end, the study proposed the use of varied and abundant biomass in the form of by-products from major industries near these communities. The methodology included applied scientific research, from the theoretical characterization of the biomass to the final result—the sizing of the prototype. A downdraft-type gasifier was designed with a daily energy generation capacity sufficient to meet the energy demand of the community of Brejo Dois Irmãos (Bahia). The results indicated the technical and economic feasibility of the gasifier, highlighting its contribution to environmental sustainability and social inclusion. In addition to addressing the main issue, the discussion emphasized social and environmental benefits, such as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the promotion of sustainable waste management. However, challenges such as the technical training of communities and institutional support were identified as barriers to be overcome. In conclusion, the biomass gasifier is a promising technology to confront and mitigate energy exclusion, especially when allied with local private companies through tax incentives, promoting energy autonomy, local development, and the use of residual biomass from industrial processes. Although the study was theoretical, it provided a solid foundation for future research and practical implementations, aligning with the sustainable development goals.
Equador: neoextrativismo chinês e territórios de resistência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Noronha, Paulo Cesar de Melo; Franca, Gilberto Cunha
This paper analyzes the bilateral relationship between China and Ecuador, aiming to identify elements that help qualify the effects of this relationship for the Latin American country. In other words, it seeks to answer the guiding question - Has the bilateral relationship with China been beneficial for Ecuador? - Given this objective and within the limits of this study, only two analytical perspectives were considered. The first is the economic dimension, that is, it aims to understand what the relationship with China has meant for Ecuador in economic terms. The second is the social dimension, particularly regarding lived space, using the socio-territorial struggles of Indigenous and peasant communities as an interpretive framework to assess the effects of neo-extractivism driven by China’s demand for natural resources on the territory and the lives of these populations. By focusing on the economic, social, and territorial aspects of Ecuador, this study argues that although the relationship with China is marked by asymmetry, it does not necessarily constitute an imperialist relationship in the traditional sense. However, it does contribute to Ecuador’s continued role as a primary commodity exporter in the international division of labor and to the persistence of extractivist policies.
Uso de herbicidas associados a adjuvante e fertilizante nitrogenado no controle de Digitaria horizontalis, Eleusine indica e Conyza bonariensis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Moura, Vitor Gabriel Pereira de; Monquero, Patricia Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766526793830455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9478784436803809
Weed control is one of the main challenges for the sustainability and productivity of agricultural systems. Species such as Digitaria horizontalis, Eleusine indica, and Conyza bonariensis present a high infestation capacity and resistance to conventional chemical control, demanding integrated and efficient strategies. Among the available alternatives, the combined use of herbicides, adjuvants, and nitrogen fertilizers stands out, as their interaction may enhance herbicidal action and improve foliar absorption. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the association between herbicides, adjuvants, and nitrogen fertilizers in the control of the three mentioned species, seeking to identify the most effective combinations and to understand the effects of these mixtures on chemical management performance. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications, using eight treatments for the grasses and five for the dicot species. Treatments were applied exclusively when the plants reached the four-leaf phenological stage. They involved different combinations of glyphosate, clethodim, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, an adjuvant, and a nitrogen-based fertilizer. Evaluations were performed at 7, 14, and 21 days after application (DAA), based on visual control ratings (%) and analysis of shoot dry mass. Results showed that treatment efficacy varied according to the evaluated species and the product combinations. For D. horizontalis, the treatment composed of glyphosate + clethodim + adjuvant + fertilizer achieved the highest control, reaching 83.75% at 21 DAA. In C. bonariensis, only the treatment including glyphosate + 2,4-D + saflufenacil provided control above 90%, being significantly more effective than the others. In E. indica, the best performance was observed with clethodim + adjuvant + fertilizer, although control levels remained below 50%. It can be concluded that the association of herbicides, adjuvants, and nitrogen fertilizers may significantly increase the effectiveness of weed control, especially for hard-to-control species. However, the results also indicate that the efficiency of these mixtures depends on the careful choice of components, the target species, and application conditions. The study highlights the need for complementary field trials focusing on agronomic validation, cost–benefit analysis, and assessment of the environmental impact of these combinations within integrated weed management.
Produção de ésteres de álcoois da usina sucroalcooleira: caminho para a biorrefinaria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Bellei, João Marcos; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-3361
Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century and could have catastrophic consequences. As a result, an energy transition to replace fossil fuels is urgently needed. Alternatives include biofuels, fuels produced from organic matter. This has led to the emergence of the concept of biorefineries, which consist of industries that seek to produce a range of different products using biomass as a raw material. In recent years, biorefineries have experienced a huge market expansion, so the bioeconomy has great potential for the future. In Brazil, one of the most prominent bioeconomic sectors is the sugar and alcohol industry, which uses sugarcane as a raw material and ethanol as one of its main products. Alcohols, through esterification reactions with carboxylic acids, can generate esters, including ethyl acetate and amyl acetate. These compounds have several applications, especially as solvents and industrial flavorings. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the feasibility of producing ethyl acetate and amyl acetate esters in a sugar and alcohol plant, in order to increase the products synthesized by these industries and direct them to become a multifunctional biorefinery. To this end, process simulations of a multifunctional plant and alternative plants were performed using the free software COCO Simulator, in order to evaluate the reaction and separation configurations. The results demonstrated better conversions using PBR reactors, major limitations in the separation process with conventional unit operations due to the presence of azeotrope, in addition to restrictions of the simulation tool used. Thus, it was concluded that the separation and purification stage constitutes the main obstacle to the ester production process in a plant, so that new studies with more in-depth simulations using more robust software are suggested.
Validação dos parâmetros alfa e gamaZ para edifícios em alvenaria estrutural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Carvalho, Rodrigo Alponti de; Parsekian, Guilherme Aris; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7783915867322385
The construction industry seeks more economical and efficient construction methods, a context in which structural masonry stands out. This study evaluates the representativeness and convergence of the normative parameters α and γz in the stability analysis of structural masonry buildings. For that, 12 structural models of three distinct buildings with 2, 4, 8, and 16 stories were analyzed. The results demonstrated a correlation between the parameters, expressed through a third-degree polynomial equation. It was concluded that the α and γz parameters converged toward the same indication on the importance of second-order effects, thereby validating the application of current normative criteria
Análise por elementos finitos das tensões atuantes no inserto de corte aplicado em diferentes posições
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Macedo, Giselle Silva; Ventura, Carlos Eiji Hirata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1689198421096127
Machining processes, especially turning, are widely applied in the metalworking industry due to their efficiency in shaping components with high dimensional accuracy and surface quality. In this context, the performance of the cutting tool plays a crucial role in the quality of the operation, being influenced by factors such as the tool's positioning relative to the workpiece. Structural analyses through computational simulations, such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA), have proven to be valuable tools for understanding and predicting the mechanical behavior of components under different operating conditions. This study aimed to analyze, through FEA-based simulations, the stress distribution acting on a cemented carbide cutting insert subjected to different vertical positions in relation to the geometric center of the workpiece during the longitudinal turning process. Five distinct tool height configurations were investigated: two positions below center, two above, and one neutral position aligned with the center of the part, in order to assess the thermomechanical impacts on stress distribution within the insert. The results showed that deviations from the neutral position—both above and below—lead to increased stress concentrations, particularly near the cutting edge, favoring wear and potential localized failures. The neutral position exhibited more homogeneous stress distribution and better thermal dissipation, indicating superior structural performance. The analyses confirmed that even small variations in tool height significantly affect the mechanical and thermal behavior of the system, and that FEA is a valuable resource for predictive diagnostics in machining. Limitations of the study include simplifications in the model, such as the absence of chip breaker and coating. Nonetheless, the findings offer technical support for practical decisions in the manufacturing environment, such as the strategic reuse of inserts and precise tool holder calibration.
Composição da avifauna do Parque Ecológico e Cultural “Gilberto Ruegger Ometto”, município de Araras-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Rodrigues, Ianca Lima; Sekiama, Margareth Lumy; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7506297262479134; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6111-0823; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9453631493144431; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1665-7084
Birds are vital components of ecosystems, serving functions such as pollination, seed dispersal, predation and acting as bioindicators of environmental health. However, urbanization and habitat fragmentation exert detrimental impacts on avian populations, leading to reduced biodiversity and modified community structures. In this context, urban green spaces, particularly parks, are increasingly important as refuges for wildlife, underscoring the importance of research aimed at characterizing avian assemblages within urban ecosystems. The present study aimed to conduct a qualitative survey of the avifauna in the “Gilberto Ruegger Ometto” Ecological and Cultural Park, located in the municipality of Araras-SP, to identify the bird species present, their feeding guilds, and potential relationships with local environmental characteristics. The study area comprises lakes, marginal vegetation, open spaces, and wooded areas, all within an urban setting. Data collection was conducted between September 2024 and March 2025, utilizing linear transect and fixed-point methods, and encompassing both visual and auditory observations. A total of 83 bird species were recorded, distributed among 37 families and 16 orders, with Passeriformes being the most representative. The analysis of feeding guilds indicated a predominance of insectivores, carnivores and omnivores. In addition, the presence of several species nesting and foraging in the site reinforces its ecological relevance for urban avifauna. The high frequency of generalist species adapted to modified environments, such as those from the Tyrannidae and Thraupidae families, confirms patterns already recorded in other urban areas of the state. The study highlights the importance of urban green areas as functional refuges for birds, highlighting the need for conservation and adequate management of these spaces to maintain local biodiversity. Keywords: urban
Principais métodos de remoção de microplásticos: uma revisão bibliográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Rosolem, Thais Travalini; Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-6075
In recent decades, microplastic pollution has been widely studied due to the environmental threats it poses, with documented presence in marine, fluvial, terrestrial, and atmospheric ecosystems. This study aims to conduct a bibliographic review of the main microplastic removal techniques, analyzing their mechanisms and associated efficiencies. Initially, the processes of microplastic formation, their classifications, physical-chemical properties and behaviors in different environments are presented, in order to contextualize the material's specificities and support the appropriate choice of removal techniques. Then, removal methods are discussed according to unit operations, categorized as physical, chemical, or biological. The highlighted methods include coagulation and flocculation, oxidation (photocatalysis and ozonation), adsorption (nanocellulose and biochar), filtration, lotation/sedimentation, and biological removal using algae, bacteria, and fungi. A comparative analysis of the results found in the literature shows that, although some techniques achieve high removal rates, the results may be distorted by the lack of methodological standardization, since the studies are usually applied to different types of polymers and size ranges. Finally, some of the main challenges faced are highlighted, such as economic viability, technical limitations, and the generation of by-products such as nanoplastics. The conclusion emphasizes that, despite technological advances, microplastic removal must be accompanied by preventive strategies that involve structural changes in the current plastic production and consumption model.
Introdução à análise não standard por meio dos hiper-reais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Bernardelli, Rafael Henrique; Barostichi, Rafael Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3582461114222090; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5520-7346; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7000049091072984; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0426-3742
The primary objective of this work is to present hyperreal numbers and non-standard analysis, an alternative approach to classical analysis developed by Abraham Robinson. Through the construction of the hyperreals *R using the ultraproduct technique, it is possible to extend the set of real numbers to include infinitesimals and infinities, allowing a rigorous formalization of intuitive concepts in analysis. To enable this construction, the concepts of filters and ultrafilters are introduced, with an emphasis on non-principal ultrafilters, which play an essential role in defining the hyperreals. Non-standard analysis also allows the reformulation of fundamental notions such as limits, continuity, derivatives, and integrals using infinitesimals, without compromising mathematical rigor. Furthermore, the work discusses the properties of hyperreal numbers, such as their algebraic structure and the transfer principle.
Integração de Lean Six Sigma e metodologias ágeis na indústria química: uma revisão bibliográfica sobre sinergias e impactos em melhoria contínua
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Andrade, Daniele de Toledo Ferreira de; Freire, Fábio Bentes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9258-360X
The continuous pursuit of operational excellence, quality, and innovation in the chemical industry has driven the adoption of established continuous improvement methodologies, such as Lean Six Sigma (LSS), combined with more recent approaches like agile methodologies. The integration of LSS with agile aims to unite the disciplined structure and variability reduction of LSS with the flexibility and adaptability of agile, enhancing the outcomes of continuous improvement initiatives. This undergraduate thesis aimed to investigate, through a systematic literature review, how integrating these methodologies can boost efficiency gains, reduce waste, increase productivity, and promote greater team engagement in complex and highly regulated industrial environments. Case studies, scientific articles, and technical publications discussing practices, synergies, challenges, and observed results in the application of these approaches were analyzed. The results indicate that integration contributes to shorter improvement cycles, better alignment with customer needs, and greater adaptation to constant market changes, while also exposing critical success factors and barriers that need to be overcome for effective adoption. It is concluded that the integrated implementation of Lean Six Sigma and agile methodologies represents a promising strategy for industries seeking operational excellence.
O uso da inteligência artificial na indústria química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Camillo, Felipe de Antonio; Freire, Fábio Bentes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9258-360X
In brief, Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be defined as a field of technical and scientific knowledge that enables systems to perform tasks typically associated with intelligent beings. The chemical industry has seen a notable increase in the number of AI applications, particularly in areas such as research and development, production, forecasting, planning, and risk management. As an emerging technology, AI holds significant potential to reduce energy consumption, environmental impacts, and operational risks within chemical manufacturing processes. Despite its promise, large-scale AI implementation in the chemical industry remains limited. One of the main barriers is the lack of quantitative understanding regarding the potential benefits and risks associated with various AI applications. Nonetheless, there is considerable interest in leveraging AI to address key challenges in process modeling, optimization, control, fault detection, and diagnostics. In this context, AI emerges as a strategic tool to support the achievement of environmental, economic, and social sustainability goals. The ongoing digital transformation across the industrial sector underscores the essential role of AI in enabling this transition. Research and development play a critical role in driving innovation, particularly for chemical companies focused on sustainable practices. AI is increasingly employed to predict and optimize chemical reactions and to enhance processes from a holistic perspective. Recent studies have emphasized AI's potential to support the development of sustainable chemicals and materials. In addition to its technical applications, artificial neural networks may also be used to assess and enhance job satisfaction within research laboratories. This undergraduate thesis analyzed the presence of artificial intelligence in the chemical industry, aiming to reveal the state of the art by examining the historical evolution of the field. Based on a thorough review of the available literature, it provides a description of the context in which AI can truly make a relevant contribution to technological development within the chemical sector.
Uma abordagem educacional na prática para o sistema de numeração dos Baniwa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Lopes, Danilo da Silva; Cotrim, Fabiana Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5304106217466160; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7639-3881; Baniwa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1523251201607182
This undergraduate thesis aimed to validate a teaching proposal designed for addressing the traditional Baniwa numeral system within the context of Indigenous School Education. Grounded in Ethnomathematics and an intercultural perspective, the study was implemented at the Escola Municipal Baniwa Eeno Hiepole, located in the Canadá community, within the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira (AM). The proposal consisted of didactic activities that value the ancestral mathematical knowledge of the Baniwa, exploring their counting principles based on quinary and vigesimal structures. For validation, participatory methodological strategies were adopted in partnership with the community teacher, focusing on sensitive listening and the cultural adaptation of activities. The qualitative analysis of the results revealed advances in students’ learning and significant contributions to the strengthening of cultural identity through mathematics taught at school. Furthermore, the work proposed written symbolic representations inspired by elements of Baniwa material culture, such as açaí seeds and arumã strips, aiming at the preservation and transmission of this traditional knowledge. The experience highlighted the potential of Ethnomathematics as a pathway to a contextualized, critical, and culturally meaningful Indigenous school education.
O uso do Brewer’s Spent Grain (BSG) como potencial matéria-prima na produção de biocombustíveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Bueno, Sabrina Marinho; Lemos, Diego Andrade; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1174905383146257; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0507-7192
This undergraduate thesis paper addresses the growing need for sustainable energy sources and the valorization of industrial waste, focusing on the potential of brewer's malt bagasse (BSG), the main solid waste from the brewing industry, whose massive generation and underutilization represent an environmental challenge and a potential for the bioeconomy. To assess this potential, a rigorous systematic literature review methodology with a quantitative and qualitative approach was employed, using the Methodi Ordinatio 2.0 method to select and rank the most relevant scientific articles from the Web of Science database. The papers were ranked using a relevance index that weights journal impact metrics (JCR), the total number of citations and the publication's timeliness, with weights assigned to prioritize articles of high and consolidated scientific influence, ensuring a robust and up-to-date analysis base. Based on this qualified portfolio, the work critically analyzes, from a chemical engineering perspective, the production routes for biogas, butanol, ethanol and hydrogen, focusing on the technological bottlenecks common to these bio-processes, such as the recalcitrance of biomass, the formation of inhibitors and the efficiency of the separation stages. The aim is to highlight the unquestionable role of chemists in understanding these needs, optimizing processes and consolidating biofuel concepts to promote the waste industry.
Racismo, pessoa e política: interfaces entre Frantz FAnon e Alberto Guerreiro Ramos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Silva, Nikolas Gustavo Pallisser; Silvério, Valter Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-4535; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5185937737395138; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2637-4097; Faustino, Deivison Mendes; Barbosa, Muryatan Santana; Renault, Matthieu; Sanchez, Fábio José Bechara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1381425552378145; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6114420838009053; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6423443695464907; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3454-7966
This thesis investigates the contributions of Frantz Fanon and Alberto Guerreiro Ramos — two important Black intellectuals of the 20th century — to the critical understanding of modern racism and the construction of Black subjectivity. The study develops a comparative analysis between Fanon, whose work emerged within the context of French colonialism and anticolonial struggles, and Guerreiro Ramos, a Brazilian sociologist who challenged how Black people were represented within Brazilian social sciences. Despite their different historical settings, both thinkers confronted the problem of racial dehumanization. The thesis argues that racism did not disappear after biological racial theories declined; instead, it was transformed into cultural racism, operating through language, institutions, scientific knowledge and social practices. In this process, the Black subject becomes objectified and alienated from their own humanity. Drawing on French personalist philosophy, particularly Emmanuel Mounier, the research shows that Fanon and Ramos propose intellectual and political projects aimed at reconstructing the Black person as an ethical, political and historical subject. Fanon analyzes the psychological effects of colonial domination on lived experience, while Guerreiro Ramos criticizes intellectual dependency in Brazil and advocates for autonomous sociological thought. The dissertation concludes that both authors formulate emancipatory perspectives that move beyond assimilation to European norms and beyond racial essentialism, proposing new ways of thinking freedom, subjectivity and humanity grounded in lived Black experience.
Potencial de valorização do soro de leite como recurso energético e industrial: uma análise sistemática da literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Maldonado, Leandro Baptistella; Silva, Edson Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720274214573371
Mid contemporary environmental challenges and the growing demand for sustainable solutions, the valorization of industrial organic waste has gained prominence as a key strategy for energy transition and the advancement of a circular economy. In this context, whey, a by- product generated on a large scale by the dairy industry, poses a significant pollution risk when improperly discarded, but also has a nutrient-rich composition that makes it a viable raw material for the production of value-added compounds. This study presents a literature-based bibliographic analysis of the biotechnological utilization of whey for the production of biogas, hydrogen, ethanol, and lactic acid, focusing on the principles of the metabolic pathways, the microorganisms involved, and the optimal operational conditions. International scientific databases were used to identify technological advances, leading authors, active research areas, publication trends, and major challenges. The results reveal not only the technical potential of whey as a substitute for fossil-based resources and a means of environmental mitigation, but also the urgent need for public policies, economic incentives, and technological innovation to enable its industrial-scale application. Therefore, the valorization of this by-product stands out as an effective strategy to transform environmental liabilities into economic assets, promoting sustainability, clean energy, and industrial development.
Adensamento de plantio para laranjeira Valência enxertada em citrandarins
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Fonseca, Lucas Renan da; Conceição, Patrícia Marluci da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6623193710607120; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2561297753749076
The cultivation of Valencia sweet orange has faced significant phytosanitary challenges, especially due to the spread of huanglongbing. This scenario has favored the use of less vigorous rootstocks associated with the adoption of high-density planting. Among the available rootstock options, citrandarins have stood out for producing more compact trees with good productivity. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate how different plant spacings influence the vegetative development of Valencia sweet orange trees grafted onto different citrandarins. Seedlings were planted under a minimum tillage system, with soil preparation restricted to the planting rows and an inter-row spacing of 6.0 meters. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in a split-plot scheme, with four in-row spacings (3.0 m, 2.5 m, 2.0 m, and 1.5 m) assigned to the main plots and four rootstocks [IAC 3152 Itajobi (152), IAC 3155 (155), IAC 3073 Barretos (73), and IAC 3026 Santa Amélia (26)] assigned to the subplots. There were three replicates, each consisting of five plants. Evaluations included vegetative growth, leaf gas exchange (photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, and water use efficiency), and root system development. The 3.0 m spacing favored canopy diameter and volume growth as well as root development, with emphasis on rootstocks 152 and 26. Rootstock 73 showed greater physiological efficiency under high-density planting (1.5 m), with lower transpiration, stomatal conductance, and internal CO₂ concentration, without compromising photosynthesis, indicating a water-saving strategy. It is concluded that rootstock selection should consider not only its general adaptation, but also its physiological behavior and growth pattern under different planting densities, seeking combinations that maximize vegetative development, resource use efficiency, and adaptation to the adopted management system.
A genealogia da confissão em Michel Foucault
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Italiano, Adam; Stival, Monica Loyola; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0624149613819754; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4644851237623533
Beginning with the constitutive relationship between truth and the subject in Michel Foucault's intellectual production, the dissertation analyzes a specific mode of articulation between the two aforementioned concepts: confession. To this end, two sets of texts by the philosopher are examined, highlighting the passages in which confession appears. First, the texts on the history of psychiatric practices, and then those on the history of legal practices. Throughout the work, the paradoxical role of confession is emphasized as both a technique of domination and a practice of the self. The central issue guiding the study is the possibility of thinking about a truth of the self, which, unlike confession, does not reinforce mechanisms of power but rather opposes them, constituting itself as a practice of resistance. Driven by this question, the dissertation concludes with an analysis of the author's practical, intellectual, and militant activity, particularly within the G.I.P. (Prison Information Group), which was characterized by the aim of listening to and disseminating the critical truth of prisoners, their families, and various professionals—in short, of all the bodies subjected to imprisonment who denounce it as intolerable.
Educação financeira aplicada ao ensino médio: concepções de estudantes sobre aplicações financeiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Oliveira, Nicole Nunes de; Figueira, Fabio Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4114509001653395; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8782-5411; Faria, Paulo Cezar de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3630521378837174; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9869-157X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2098886157329411; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8369-2242
This Final Undergraduate Project focuses on the teaching of financial mathematics in high school. The research began with an extensive literature review on the subject, examining various pedagogical and methodological approaches applied in different educational contexts. The reviewed literature highlighted the relevance of financial mathematics as an essential tool for the formation of critical citizens capable of making economic decisions based on reliable information and consistent analysis. Based on this theoretical foundation, the main objective was to investigate and implement a teaching methodology grounded in problem solving, aiming to enhance students’ understanding and practical application of financial concepts. This proposal emerged from gaps identified in the literature, which point to the need for more interactive, contextualized, and student-centered teaching strategies. The theoretical framework focused on the problem-solving methodology, recognized for encouraging critical thinking and active learning. This approach involves presenting students with problem situations that require the application of mathematical knowledge in real- world contexts, promoting skills such as analysis, logical reasoning, and decision-making. Among the results achieved, we highlight the need to strengthen the engagement of high school students in situations involving financial education, increasing their interest in financial mathematics, and strengthening teaching practices using more dynamic and effective methodologies. It is expected that, by experiencing concrete financial situations, students will develop greater autonomy and proficiency in the use of mathematics in everyday life. Furthermore, this study aims to offer replicable teaching strategies that can be adopted in other schools, contributing to the development of an innovative, interdisciplinary, and student-oriented educational culture aligned with the demands of 21st-century education.
Avaliação agronômica de variedades de alface em cultivo hidropônico em sistema NFT (Nutrient Film Technique)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-15) Bernardo, Carlos Peruchi; Sala, Fernando César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most widely consumed leafy vegetables in Brazil, with significant commercial acceptance and nutritional value. The increasing demand for more efficient, sustainable, and urban-adapted agricultural systems has encouraged the adoption of hydroponics, with the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) being a promising method due to its efficient water and nutrient use, environmental control, and intensive production. However, many commercial cultivars has not been specifically developed for soilless systems, highlighting the need to identify genotypes with superior performance under protected conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of seven experimental crisphead lettuce lines developed by the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), compared to the commercial cultivar Vanda, grown in a hydroponic NFT system. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design with three replications and three plants per plot. Nine morpho-agronomic traits were analyzed: shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight, number of leaves, stem length and diameter, root length, and plant diameter. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scott-Knott’s multiple comparison test at a 5% significance level. The lines 226-1-3-3, F10 206-2, and 184-5-3-1 demonstrated superior performance in fresh and dry biomass accumulation and plant diameter, outperforming the commercial cultivar Vanda. These results indicated the potential of these lines for future cultivar recommendations in hydroponic production systems, contributing to genetic diversification and improved efficiency in controlled environments.