Caracterização agronômica de frutos e poliembrionia de sementes de porta-enxertos híbridos de citros

Abstract

A good rootstock must add several characteristics such as high number of seeds, polyembryony, resistance to diseases, induction of precocity, among others that are important for citrus production. The objective of this work was to carry out the agronomic characterization of fruits and to evaluate the polyembryony of seeds of 24 hybrids from the cross between the 'Rangpur' lime x Poncirus trifoliata (LC x PT) and 'Rangpur' lime x 'Swingle' citrumelo (LC x CS) obtained by the Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira/IAC, and compare them with the 'Rangpur' limee (Citrus limonia Osbeck) and the 'Swingle' citrumelo [C. paradisi Macfad. cv. Duncan x P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.], aiming at future use in rootstock production. The experiment was carried out in 2021, at the Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira/IAC, located in the municipality of Cordeirópolis-SP. The variables analyzed were mass, height and diameter of the fruits and number of seeds per fruit, using three replications with five fruits and, also, the number of embryos per seed was evaluated, using three replications with 10 seeds. , for each of the varieties evaluated. Considering the biometric variables mass, diameter and height of the fruits, the varieties that presented the highest average values were LC x CS 21, LC x CS 47 and CS. Considering the number of seeds, the varieties that presented the highest average values were the hybrids LC x CS 47, LC x PT 21 and the CS and the ones that presented the highest average number of embryos per seed were the hybrids LC x PT 11, the LC and the CS that obtained higher averages. Thus, the hybrids that showed the greatest potential to be used as rootstocks were the hybrids LC x CS 47 and LC x PT 21, considering the number of seeds and the averages of the biometric variables (mass, length and diameter) in relation to the controls LC and CS, which are currently the most used in the production of citrus seedlings.