Priorização de áreas para instalação de usinas solares fotovoltaicas no estado de São Paulo

Abstract

With the development of the country, the demand for electric energy tends to grow, with estimates pointing outgrowth of more than 100% until 2025. Currently, in Brazil, one of the main sources of energy is hydroelectric power. Due to the recent climate change and water crises in the country, investing in alternative sources is necessary to avoid energy crises. One of the actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, given the agreement set in Paris, in 2017, is the increase of renewable energy. Among the sources, taking into account the potential for solar incidence in Brazil, the installation of photovoltaic solar power is an alternative that should be considered. Defining the best areas for implementing these, using environmental, technical, and economical criteria is important to optimize the use of available areas and increase energy efficiency. The main variables used in this study and their prioritization were defined from a bibliographic review. With the combination of the criteria and the processing in Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, the map of the priority areas for the installation of solar photovoltaic plants for the State of São Paulo was presented. It was identified that the north region of the state have a high degree of aptitude, while the southern region had the lowest, for the implementation of this type of business.