Análise teórica de uma memória atômica fundamental considerando um átomo de três níveis em uma cavidade óptica

Abstract

Quantum optics is a branch of physics that applies quantum theory to phenomena involving light and its interaction with matter. One of the key advances in this field is the use of Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics (CQED), which describes how radiation interacts with matter inside an electromagnetic resonator, or optical cavity. A notable phenomenon within CQED is Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT), which allows inducing transparency in an opaque medium through the application of electromagnetic fields. EIT has led to several promising applications, such as quantum memory, which is a technological device used for storing and retrieving quantum information, fundamental for quantum communication and computing. In this work we present a theoretical study to analyze the implementation of a quantum memory based on the EIT phenomenon combined with cavity quantum electrodynamics (CEIT– Cavity EIT). For this purpose, we consider a system composed of a single three-level atom in Λ configuration coupled to a single mode of the quantum field of an optical cavity. The eigenstates of the system were calculated analytically through the diagonalization of the interaction Hamiltonian according to the Jaynes-Cummings model, and the dynamics of the system were solved numerically through the master equation formalism. The results show that the superposition of quantum states is essential for the observation of the memory process in the CEIT system. Furthermore, we analyzed the role of the atom-field coupling on the performance of the implemented quantum memory, showing that efficiency of the information storage process can be optimize by increasing the value of this parameter.