Estudo de ecossistemas aquáticos temporários da Caatinga pernambucana com foco na comunidade zooplanctônica
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Universidade Federal de São Carlos
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La pandemia de la COVID-19, con más de 4 millones de muertes a nivel mundial, ha reforzado la relación entre las acciones antrópicas, como la deforestación, y la proliferación de enfermedades infecciosas. Este patrón de degradación ambiental es característico de los ecosistemas brasileños, incluida la Caatinga. Este es uno de los biomas más amenazados actualmente que, además de las acciones antrópicas, ya enfrenta procesos selectivos como la sequía en la región. No obstante, la Caatinga presenta muchos ambientes acuáticos donde habita una gran diversidad de organismos, como por ejemplo el zooplancton. El objetivo central de esta tesis fue investigar la diversidad de la comunidad de zooplancton en lagunas temporales de la Caatinga, en Pernambuco. Para ello, inicialmente se realizó una compilación de las especies acuáticas, incluidas especies de la comunidad de zooplancton, de diferentes ambientes dulceacuícolas de la Caatinga a partir de una revisión sistemática hasta el año 2024. Se utilizaron las palabras clave en el siguiente arreglo: Caatinga y (agua o agua dulce), alcanzando 1.492 trabajos en dos bases de datos (Web of Science, 1.343 trabajos; PubMed, 149 trabajos), cuyos trabajos fueron evaluados conforme a criterios de inclusión predefinidos. Se registraron 1.021 especies acuáticas de ambientes lóticos y lénticos de la Caatinga como ríos, arroyos, cascadas, embalses, lagunas y bromelias. Los peces son el grupo más estudiado en la región, con el mayor número de trabajos publicados. La revista Biota Neotropica lidera el ranking de publicaciones sobre organismos acuáticos de la Caatinga. El zooplancton litoral de lagunas temporales de la Caatinga también fue evaluado para comprender la influencia de factores ambientales y de actividades agropecuarias en la diversidad, composición y abundancia de esta comunidad. Se evaluaron 15 lagunas de la cuenca del río Moxotó, uno de los afluentes del río São Francisco, a partir de la colecta de zooplancton y de variables abióticas en la región litoral de los ecosistemas lacustres. Se registraron 117 especies de zooplancton, que presentó diferencias en la composición ante la presencia de ganado en el entorno de las lagunas. Brachionidae fue el grupo más representativo de la comunidad en estas 15 lagunas. Además, las seis lagunas más grandes de este estudio fueron evaluadas en cuanto al patrón de diversidad β y los patrones de coocurrencia del zooplancton de forma estacional, considerando los períodos de sequía y de crecida de las lagunas. Este estudio en seis lagunas reveló 93 taxones cuya diversidad β no difirió entre los períodos hidrológicos, aunque algunas especies coexistieron en una relación negativa. Sin embargo, se produjo un crecimiento del número de estudios sobre los ecosistemas acuáticos de la Caatinga en los últimos años, lo cual es esencial para el establecimiento de políticas públicas y acciones de manejo eficientes en la región. Dichas políticas y acciones deben considerar aspectos del uso de la tierra como la ganadería, de modo que se logre éxito en el alcance de los objetivos. Con la predominancia de especies bioindicadoras de procesos de eutrofización, la región donde se realizó este estudio requiere atención. Los estudios de larga duración en el semiárido aún son escasos, aunque son importantes para revelar procesos ecológicos hasta ahora encubiertos en el semiárido brasileño.
There were more than 4 million deaths worldwide due to COVID-19. There is a strong association between anthropogenic actions, such as deforestation, and the proliferation of infectious diseases. This pattern of environmental degradation is common in Brazilian ecosystems, including the Caatinga. This is currently one of the most threatened biomes which, in addition to anthropogenic pressures, is already undergoing selective processes such as regional drought. Nevertheless, the Caatinga contains many aquatic environments that harbor a wide diversity of organisms, such as zooplankton. Therefore, this thesis aimed to investigate the diversity of the zooplankton community in temporary lakes of the Caatinga, in the state of Pernambuco. To this goal, an initial compilation of aquatic species, including zooplankton community species, from different freshwater environments of the Caatinga was conducted through a systematic review up to the year 2024. Keywords were arranged as follows: Caatinga and (water or freshwater), yielding 1,492 studies from two databases (Web of Science, 1,343 studies; PubMed, 149 studies), which were evaluated according to predefined inclusion criteria. A total of 1,021 aquatic species were recorded from lotic and lentic environments of the Caatinga, such as rivers, streams, waterfalls, reservoirs, lakes, and bromeliads. Fish are the most studied group in the region, with the largest number of published studies. The journal Biota Neotropica leads the ranking of publications on aquatic organisms from the Caatinga. Littoral zooplankton from temporary lakes of the Caatinga was also assessed to understand the influence of environmental factors and livestock activities on the diversity, composition, and abundance of this community. Fifteen lakes from the Moxotó River basin, a tributary of the São Francisco River, were evaluated through zooplankton sampling and abiotic variables from the littoral zones of lacustrine ecosystems. A total of 117 zooplankton species were recorded, showing differences in composition associated with the presence of cattle around the lakes. Brachionidae was the most representative group in these 15 lakes. In addition, the six largest lakes in this study were evaluated regarding β-diversity patterns and zooplankton co-occurrence patterns across seasons, considering drought and flooding periods. This study in six lakes revealed 93 taxa whose β-diversity did not differ between hydrological periods, although some species co-occurred in negative associations. All in all, there has been an increase in the number of studies on aquatic ecosystems of the Caatinga in recent years, which is essential for establishing effective public policies and management actions in the region. Such policies and actions must consider aspects of land use, such as livestock farming, in order to achieve their goals. With the predominance of bioindicator species of eutrophication processes, the region where this study was conducted requires urgent attention. Long-term studies in the semiarid region are still scarce, although they are important for uncovering ecological processes that remain hidden in the Brazilian semiarid.
There were more than 4 million deaths worldwide due to COVID-19. There is a strong association between anthropogenic actions, such as deforestation, and the proliferation of infectious diseases. This pattern of environmental degradation is common in Brazilian ecosystems, including the Caatinga. This is currently one of the most threatened biomes which, in addition to anthropogenic pressures, is already undergoing selective processes such as regional drought. Nevertheless, the Caatinga contains many aquatic environments that harbor a wide diversity of organisms, such as zooplankton. Therefore, this thesis aimed to investigate the diversity of the zooplankton community in temporary lakes of the Caatinga, in the state of Pernambuco. To this goal, an initial compilation of aquatic species, including zooplankton community species, from different freshwater environments of the Caatinga was conducted through a systematic review up to the year 2024. Keywords were arranged as follows: Caatinga and (water or freshwater), yielding 1,492 studies from two databases (Web of Science, 1,343 studies; PubMed, 149 studies), which were evaluated according to predefined inclusion criteria. A total of 1,021 aquatic species were recorded from lotic and lentic environments of the Caatinga, such as rivers, streams, waterfalls, reservoirs, lakes, and bromeliads. Fish are the most studied group in the region, with the largest number of published studies. The journal Biota Neotropica leads the ranking of publications on aquatic organisms from the Caatinga. Littoral zooplankton from temporary lakes of the Caatinga was also assessed to understand the influence of environmental factors and livestock activities on the diversity, composition, and abundance of this community. Fifteen lakes from the Moxotó River basin, a tributary of the São Francisco River, were evaluated through zooplankton sampling and abiotic variables from the littoral zones of lacustrine ecosystems. A total of 117 zooplankton species were recorded, showing differences in composition associated with the presence of cattle around the lakes. Brachionidae was the most representative group in these 15 lakes. In addition, the six largest lakes in this study were evaluated regarding β-diversity patterns and zooplankton co-occurrence patterns across seasons, considering drought and flooding periods. This study in six lakes revealed 93 taxa whose β-diversity did not differ between hydrological periods, although some species co-occurred in negative associations. All in all, there has been an increase in the number of studies on aquatic ecosystems of the Caatinga in recent years, which is essential for establishing effective public policies and management actions in the region. Such policies and actions must consider aspects of land use, such as livestock farming, in order to achieve their goals. With the predominance of bioindicator species of eutrophication processes, the region where this study was conducted requires urgent attention. Long-term studies in the semiarid region are still scarce, although they are important for uncovering ecological processes that remain hidden in the Brazilian semiarid.
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NEVES, Filipe Guilherme Ramos Costa. Estudo de ecossistemas aquáticos temporários da Caatinga pernambucana com foco na comunidade zooplanctônica. 2025. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2025. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/20.500.14289/22685.
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