Barreiras e facilitadores para oferta de programas de atividade física e redução do comportamento sedentário em pessoas idosas institucionalizadas

Abstract

Introduction: Despite the benefits of physical activity for the health and functionality of older adults, adherence to recommendations remains low, especially in Long-Term Care Facilities for Older Adults (LTCFs). Individual and organizational barriers may compromise the provision and implementation of physical activity programs, and Brazilian studies addressing these factors in institutional contexts are still scarce. Objective: To analyze the barriers and facilitators perceived by healthcare professionals, managers, and owners regarding the implementation of physical activity programs and the reduction of sedentary behavior in LTCFs. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a mixed-methods approach (quantitative–qualitative), conducted with healthcare professionals, managers, and owners working in LTCFs in municipalities in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Data collected via a Google Forms questionnaire were exported to Excel. Data from the focus group were recorded, and participants’ reports were transcribed, analyzed, and categorized using Bardin’s content analysis. Results: The study included 48 healthcare professionals and 12 managers and owners. The barriers identified from the questionnaires (quantitative and qualitative data) were mainly related to residents’ conditions, such as cognitive and physical limitations; organizational factors, such as reduced working hours and lack of awareness; and workforce-related issues, such as limited staff. Findings from the focus group further deepened these issues, highlighting strategies such as individualized assessments to adapt activities, strengthening interpersonal bonds, raising staff awareness, and management support. Among the facilitators, team and management commitment, activity planning, and availability of resources stood out. Conclusion: The implementation of physical activity programs in LTCFs involves multiple individual and organizational factors. Recognizing barriers and facilitators can support more effective strategies, contributing to the expansion, adherence, and sustainability of these practices within institutional settings.