Transformações urbanas no centro de São Paulo: análise do uso do solo e ocupação urbana na região da Sé

Abstract

This study conducted an analysis of the urban situation in the central region of São Paulo, focusing on the Subprefecture of Sé. The research aimed to understand patterns of land use, dynamics of occupation, and the impacts of structural and socio-spatial changes that have shaped São Paulo’s urban centrality. A qualitative and exploratory approach was adopted, based on direct field observation, photographic records, and georeferencing. This methodology made it possible to capture concrete forms of urban space appropriation through indicators such as the presence of urban voids, commercial activities, formal and informal occupations, and police presence. Data analysis was supported by a bibliographic review on land use, centrality, gentrification, verticalization, and socio-spatial inequality. The results showed that, even in areas with infrastructure, unoccupied or underutilized buildings persisted, reflecting the speculative logic of the real estate market. In addition, the study identified that the region concentrated one of the largest homeless populations in the city, revealing the contradictions between urban valorization and social exclusion. Thus, the study offered a critical reading of the transformations of the downtown area, highlighting conflicts and disputes that have characterized this constantly reorganized space.