Um olhar crítico sobre a atenção a saúde das populações indígenas no Brasil: o que aborda a literatura atual

Abstract

The health of Indigenous populations is a topic that remains underexplored in the health field, especially with regard to policies that guide the provision of differentiated care for these groups. Understanding such policies and Indigenous health care practices is essential for Occupational Therapy professionals and other health professionals to promote intercultural care that respects the cultural specificities of each people/ethnic group. Currently, it is estimated that approximately 1.6 million Indigenous people live in Brazil, belonging to more than 300 ethnic groups and speaking 274 different languages. These groups face historical and contemporary challenges related to the guarantee of their rights, ways of life, and cultures, which are marked by prejudice and stereotypes. Objective: To identify and analyze the existing literature on the implementation of practices and strategies carried out by health professionals with Indigenous social groups, as well as to understand how the National Policy for Health Care of Indigenous Peoples (PNASPI) has been addressed and implemented in this context. Methodology: This study consists of a literature review conducted using the integrative review method, with the aim of highlighting how health professionals have provided care to Indigenous populations. The review seeks to understand which care practices and interventions have been implemented, as well as how the National Policy for Health Care of Indigenous Peoples has been put into practice. The selection of materials included different types of academic productions, with no restrictions regarding the period of publication.