Chuva de sementes em remanescentes naturais, áreas de reflorestamento e agroflorestas inseridos em paisagens agrícolas: uma revisão sistemática global

Abstract

Vegetation fragments located in agricultural landscapes are important for the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functions. For the maintenance of such fragments, it is crucial that plant populations can regenerate naturally, especially via recently dispersed seeds (i.e. seed rain). Here we assessed the state-of-the-art knowledge on seed rain in fragments located in agricultural landscapes, focusing on the description of the seed rain, fragments, and matrixes where the fragments are immersed in. We conducted a systematic review of scientific papers published worldwide in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. We built a datasheet containing detailed information on publications, seed rain, fragments, and matrixes. Each line of the datasheet comprises information on a single fragment. We found 41 papers (161 fragments), of which 28 were conducted in Central and South America, especially in Brazil (20 papers and 78 fragments). Most fragments are composed of remaining natural vegetation (61%), show forest structure (96%), are located near other patches of natural vegetation (98%), and are immersed in pastures (50%). Only few papers informed the size of the fragments, regeneration stage of the vegetation, distance between the fragment and other patches of natural vegetation, and presence of ecological corridors. For most of the fragments, there are information on species richness (99%), diaspore abundance (98%), species composition (100%), species list (61%), and growth form of the species (39%). Only few papers reported on exotic species, dispersal syndromes, and seed size. There is floristic survey for 76% of the fragments, but the classification of species of the seed rain as autochthonous or allochthonous is reported for only 34% of the fragments with floristic survey. Our findings are a starting point for future studies aiming at biological conservation, especially by providing a detailed datasheet and identifying information still needed for a better understanding of natural regeneration via seed rain in fragments located at agricultural landscapes.