Conhecimento materno sobre a obstrução de vias aéreas por corpo estranho: estudo quase experimental

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the knowledge of mothers of children younger than 12 months of age about airway obstruction by a foreign body before and after an educational intervention mediated by telesimulation. Method: this is a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test study. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, telesimulation was adopted as an educational intervention through the free online communication platform Google Hangouts®. Data collection was organized into four stages: pre-test, telesimulation, immediate and late post-test. In the telesimulation, the video referring to the development of the simulated scenario was transmitted. After the transmission of the video, the debriefing process was conducted, at which time there was a discussion about the perceptions about the watched video in order to emerge reflections and enable the joint construction of knowledge. The other stages of the research were based on the application of two instruments converted to an online format: a socio-demographic characterization instrument and a knowledge assessment questionnaire, previously validated in terms of appearance and content. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: 49 mothers with a mean age of 30.2 years and children with a mean age of 3.95 months participated. A significant difference was observed in the knowledge score between the three assessments (p<0.001), indicating an increase in knowledge after the intervention. The following relations remained statistically significant in the multivariate linear regression model: previous knowledge and experience of choking (p=0.012); promotion of immediate knowledge with choking another child (p=0.040) and schooling (p=0.006); promotion of late knowledge with occupation (p=0.012) and choking another child (p=0.011). Conclusion: there was a significant improvement in knowledge about airway obstruction by a foreign body after an educational intervention. These results can support the planning of future educational actions in order to reduce infant mortality rates from external causes.