Nanocarreadores poliméricos para liberação controlada de complexos de platina no tratamento oncológico: um panorama dos últimos 15 anos

Abstract

Cancer remains a global public health challenge, with conventional cisplatin treatment limited by systemic toxicity and frequent cellular resistance. In this context, this study consists of an exploratory narrative literature review aimed at analyzing the use of polymeric nanocarriers for the controlled release of platinum complexes in cancer treatment. By analyzing articles published between 2011 and 2026, the review describes the evolution of delivery strategies, highlighting the transition from physical entrapment to the covalent conjugation of Platinum(IV) prodrugs. The results indicate that polymeric matrices, engineered with active targeting and stimuli-responsive release triggered by the tumor microenvironment (such as acidic pH and glutathione), can bypass biological barriers and reduce premature drug leakage. It is concluded that the use of these nanocarriers shows potential to optimize antitumor efficacy and may contribute to reducing systemic toxicity in experimental models, although clinical safety for patients depends on further validation. Despite the advances in formulations, translation to the pharmaceutical market still faces hurdles regarding industrial production scale-up and compliance with regulatory requirements.