Tecnologias da indústria 5.0 aplicadas à cadeia do biometano: potencializando a transição energética e o desenvolvimento socioeconômico no Brasil

Abstract

The global energy transition landscape demands the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and the consequent diversification of the fuel mix. Currently, biomethane stands out as a strategic solution obtained through biogas purification. However, the biomethane industry faces regulatory and economic challenges that limit its competitiveness against fossil alternatives. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of biomethane production from municipal solid waste in the municipality of São Carlos (SP). The present study was carried out within the Industry 5.0 framework, a paradigm that integrates advanced automation and digital technology not only to increase productivity but also to ensure that industrial development is guided by sustainability, resilience, and social well-being. The purification process was simulated using Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technology, aiming for compliance with ANP Resolution No. 886/2022 for vehicular use. The findings demonstrated that the system achieves high selectivity, corroborated by an economic analysis that confirmed the venture's viability through positive financial indicators. Although some sustainability indicators reveal opportunities for future optimization, the consolidated analysis points out that integrating digital and sustainable technologies, grounded in Industry 5.0, transforms waste management into a strategic asset for the energy transition and socioeconomic development in Brazil.