Painéis de monitoramento da vida útil de baterias em sistemas ferroviários: uma análise com visualização IoT

Abstract

Railway systems rely on the continuous operation of critical devices such as broken rail detectors (DTQ) and derailment detectors (DDC), which, in turn, use Freedom batteries to ensure their functionality. However, these batteries are subject to degradation over time, which can compromise safety, increase corrective maintenance costs, and negatively impact the environment due to the premature replacement of accumulators. Therefore, this Final Undergraduate Project (TCC) developed and analyzed a monitoring panel aimed at managing the service life of these batteries, with the goal of enhancing the reliability of the Brazilian railway system. The methodology involved collecting real-world field data integrated into an Internet of Things (IoT) visualization system using Grafana, enabling real-time monitoring of parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature. As a result, it was possible to identify critical trends, with special attention to the DDS board 1.45AA.24E3.8B29, which exhibited a critical voltage of 5.383 V, and to highlight increased risk during periods of low solar irradiation. This approach supported predictive maintenance strategies, extending battery lifespan and ensuring the proper functioning of detection systems, thereby positively impacting the economy, comfort, and safety of railway operations.