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Nas entrelinhas da história, memória e gênero. Lembranças da Fazenda Jatahy.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20)
Andriolli, Carmen Silvia
;
Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370
This study presents the remembrances of female and male coffee-farm workers from the Jatahy Farm, located at the Luiz Antonio County, Northeastern region of the São Paulo State, Brazil. The Jatahy Farm was a property that along the 20th century had been through several manners of seizure; from 1925 to 1959 the farm was bought by the Companhia Mogiana de Estradas de Ferro, that extinguished the coffee plantation and in its place had started the pines and eucalyptus cultivation. In 1959 the Jatahy Farm had became a São Paulo State property and most of its area was turned into an experimental station focused on its local forest studies, resulting nowadays on an ecological station in which scientific researches and assisted environmental education are the only activities allowed. Although, thanks the seizure changes coffee farm to railway company property and then to a conservation area the working offers decreased and the Jatahy Farm s residents established out there since the time of coffee cultivation, soon by soon started leaving the place they used to live in. However, the multiplicity of meanings applied to the Jatahy Farm at the present, resulting from the effort on its conservation, are centered most on the sociability experienced in the past, when Jatahy Farm was a coffee farm. From that point on, this study is due to rebuild the collective memory of female and male Jatahy Farm s coffee workers, understanding Work in its multiple dimensions the work experienced in public and private circles as an analytical category, as way as Memory, Gender and, specifically, the Patriarchy concept. Consequently, this dissertation aims to discuss the gender differences existing on female and male memories, also considering the tenant farmers experiences as Italian immigrants. Reconstructing their life experiences throughout the Work as an analytical category is faced here as the ground zero for understanding sociabilities, representations and the multiplicity of meanings conferred to individual and collective life. Furthermore, the Gender category allows taking work, history and female opposed-power out off the invisibility, exploring the Patriarchy constructing and reconstructing process throughout time and, for that reason, its a-historical character. The time cut selected (1925-1959) is intended to include the periods in which Jatahy Farm was both a coffee farm and a Companhia Mogiana Railway property. The adopted research method was Oral History, by the possibilities it offers on registering and understanding remembrances, combined to other kinds of documents. The dialogue established amongst the variety of sources, oral and written, enhanced the relations on memory and history, which was focused on the local and regional historiography. The reconstruction of tenant farmers collective memory was also possible thanks to photographic sources, understood as a support for memories and the elaboration of affective maps by the deponents.
Modelos HMM com dependência de segunda ordem: aplicação em genética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20)
Zuanetti, Daiane Aparecida
;
Milan, Luis Aparecido
(See full text for download)
Análise da fragmentação de áreas de vegetação natural e semi-natural do município de Santa Cruz da Conceição, São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20)
Fushita, Angela Terumi
;
Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
Habitat fragmentation has three major components, namely loss of the original area and reduction in size and increasing of patches. This process was helped with the development of biogeography theory, metapopulation dynamic and sink and source model. This study analyzed the landscape dynamic of the municipality of Santa Cruz, São Palo State, Brazil to base the public politics elaboration. The land occupation was classified in 1962, 1972 and 2002 based in aerial photographic because this material is more accurate than satellite images. Several softwares were used and they had allowed to make the treatment of satellite image and aerial photographic treatment until the analysis of some landscape metrics. We made thematic maps of the municipality. The natural and semi-natural areas were separated and were analyzed the Area/density/edge, Shape, Core Area, Isolation/Proximity and Edge Contrast to each class of fragments in software Fragstats 3.3. The Relative Ecological Vulnerability (REV), Connectivity and Shape were analyzed in MapInfo 7.5. The results indicated that the deforestation was faster before 1962. The lost of cerrado, fields and flooded areas happened between 1962 and 1972 and the recovering of riparian zone happened between 1972 and 2002. The matrix was pasture in 1962 and 1972 and was pasture and sugar cane fields in 2002. In the 1962 there were more fragments but they were smaller and had more edge than in the other examined years. The patches had simple shape and were less isolated in 1962 and 1972. The number of source fragments was greater in 2002. In future, aiming the conservation of remaining natural areas, should be fostered the increase of fragments area and the vegetation recovering in permanent preservation area, as well as key sites for organisms dispersion that may improve the exchange of individuals among reserves. These actions should improve landscape integrity.
Sincronia e índice de divergência de diversidade de espécies anemocóricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20)
Massi, Klécia Gili
;
Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339
The Cerrado Domain is the second largest Brazilian phytogeographic province, occupying originally 23% of Brazil s land surface, under seasonal climate. The cerrado presents a floristic and physiognomic variation, ranging from grassland to tall woodland. Anemochorous species are proportionally more important in the cerrado than in Brazilian rain forests, especially in open physiognomies. Morphological designs of wind-dispersed diaspores appear to slow their rates of descent, increasing their chances of exposure to winds and of reaching safe sites to germinate. Wind-dispersed species are constrained to fruit during the best time for seed dispersal. Also, the height of seed release and surrounding vegetation are fundamental to long-distance dispersal. We selected the wind-dispersed species from three phytosociological surveys (disjoint and core sites) and classified them into autogyro, rollingautogyro, floater, or undulator, according to the diaspore morphology and aerodynamic behavior in still air. For each species, we had data on its fruiting period. We tried to assess whether there was a seasonality and, if there was, whether it was synchronized with some climatic conditions. The number of fruiting anemochorous cerrado species was highest at the dry season, coinciding with reduced precipitation. Next, we studied the anemochorous diaspore spectra and index of divergence from species to anemochorous diaspore diversity (IDD) in three cerrado physiognomies (campo cerrado, cerrado sensu stricto, and cerradão) in a disjoint site and three cerrado physiognomies (cerrado sensu stricto) in different floristic pronvinces. There was a floristic unit among the cerrado physiognomies, with the ecotonal ones containing both grassland and woodland elements. Both nuclear and disjoint sites were ecologically similar regarding the species distribution. However, there were differences when species abundances were considered. In denser sites, vegetation reduces wind velocity in ...
Análise dos acidentes de trânsito do Município de São Carlos utilizando o Sistema de Informação Geográfica - SIG e ferramentas de estatística espacial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20)
Santos, Luciano dos
;
Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
The traffic accidents have reached high records, registering a great amount of wounded and material damages. One of the largest concerns of the responsible organs for the planning of the traffic and transport is to find solutions that can come to reduce the numbers of traffic accidents. In this context, this work had as main objective to accomplish a spatial analysis of the accidents of traffic on the municipal district of São Carlos - SP, using a of Geographic Information System (GIS) associated to tools of Spatial Statistics, with the intention of identifying the points and areas of larger occurrence of accidents, as well as the spatial tendencies of growth. The work has been developed in two stages: a) determination of punctual patterns; and b) determination of critical zones. For the accomplishment of this work was necessary to make a geographic reference of the traffic accidents, happened between 2001 and 2003. The Spatial Statistics tools used in this work were the Index of Moran, Average Space Piece of furniture, among others; they were used for the accomplishment of groupings of traffic accidents, determination of the critical zones of accidents and the tendencies of displacement of the accidents. The work showed that the traffic accidents happen in all the mesh of urban way, with a larger incidence of accidents with material damages in the central areas of the city and accidents with victims in the outlying areas. It was possible to observe that a displacement of the accidents of traffic exists for almost all the areas of the São Carlos city, it being a spatial phenomenon of difficult treatment. The largest difficulty founded for the accomplishment of this work were linked to the analysis of the consistence of the information, it mean that the analyses of the traffic accidents will be each time more satisfactory, if we pay a larger attention in the collection process and storage of those information.
Imprensa e forças armadas no Brasil pós-guerra fria (1995-1998).
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20)
Albertini, Lauriani Porto
;
Martins Filho, João Roberto
With the end of the Military Regime, the fall of the Soviet Union and the rise of the neoliberalism, the relationship between media and the military by the way, already tense in the authoritarian Brazil was expressed in a diffused and confused way. Somehow, we can say that there are two points of view on the military problem: one, a Liberal, economic emphasized; other, a Realistic or Conservative, with emphasis in the national security). Nevertheless, both visions have influenced and may determine the kind of relationship that some parts of the press had with the Armed Forces in Brazil, in the years of 1995 to 1998. The research focus on the systematic analysis of Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo articles and editorials. In that way, we suggest that Folha, influenced by the liberal view, represents itself more critic to the military, showing to the society a series of hostile reflections upon the military corporation. At the same time, O Estado de S. Paulo (influenced by a conservative point of view) presents itself on the support of keeping a modern Armed Forces to national defense.
Avaliação de procedimentos de extração e determinação de boro em amostras de solo e plantas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20)
Chaves, Fernanda Santiago
;
Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
Boron is present in soils as an essential nutrient for plants growing. Soils and plants sample preparation procedures were evaluated aiming to compare the extractors efficiency. Sample preparation methods, such as dry and microwave digestions, extractions using heated water and pressurized water system, and chloride and acid solution extractions, were compared. The spectrophotometric and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry - ICP OES determinations were used to evaluated the method efficiency s of extraction and of decomposition. Sample preparation procedures for plants showed good results once recovery were approximately 100% when were compared with certificate values for SRM NIST (1515). Extraction method in soil employing water and barium chloride solution as extractors showed the best results. The methods using microwave-assisted presented the best agreements between themselves. The results obtained in analysis from Mehlich 1 and HCl 0,05 mol l-1 solution extractions were relatively lower then the others.
Efeitos de um programa de prevenção de problemas de comportamento em crianças pré-escolares de famílias de baixa renda.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20)
Rios, Karyne de Souza Augusto
;
Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
The objective of this research was assess the effects of an early intervention program to low-income families living in a small city of São Paulo, to prevent the development of problems behavior in pre-school children, by the improvement of parental educational skills that are associated to pro-social behavior development (positive supervision and moral behavior) and the reduction of parental educational skills that are associated to problems behavior development (physical and psychological abuse, negligence, relaxed discipline, inconsistent punishment and negative supervision). Two parents group made part of the study. Each group should be constituted by six couple of parents (monoparental families or just one parent were accepted) and their respective children with ages between 6 months and 3 years old. But just four mothers in group A and one mother in group B (M5) had participated effectively. Parent interview, Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, Parenting Scale, Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Temperament Assessment Questionnaire and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire were applied with participants. Furthermore, observations of mother-child interaction were carried with one mother on group A and M5. The intervention consisted in ten weekly sessions that have dealt the following subjects: child development, parental skills communication, positive discipline management, domestic violence, positive parental supervision and moral behavior. The strategies that have been used were: videos, dynamics, discussions, role-play, relaxing technique, angry management, solving problems, homework, and others. The data obtained by interview were categorized to aim a social demographic analysis of the participants. Comparations between total scores of each measure before intervention, after intervention and in Follow-up were made. The observation of mother-child interaction, that was a sequential measure were registered in a table and have been categorized in comparative graphics between the groups. The results showed that all participants were living in a high risk context to problems behavior development in children. The Temperament Assessment Questionnaire indicated that all children have demonstrated styles of temperament that are related with problems behavior development. About the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, one mother have increased their parental satisfaction and effectiveness score, two mothers only have increased their parental satisfaction score e two other mothers have reduced their parental satisfaction and effectiveness score. There were decreased of inconsistent discipline (laxness), overreactivity and verbosity using for all participants. The observation s data indicated more frequency of positive interactions between mothers and children and the increased of positive parental behavior after the intervention. Future studies are necessary to investigate intervention s process and to promote relations with other professionals and with the Government to get better results and long-term consequences to families and their children.
Previsão de guildas de dispersão e de fenologia foliar com base em atributos funcionais para espécies arbustivo-arbóreas em uma área de cerrado sensu stricto em Itirapina (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20)
Jardim, André Vitor Fleuri
;
Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339
There is growing recognition that classifying terrestrial plant species on the basis of their function (into functional types ) rather than their higher taxonomic identity is a promising way forward for tackling important ecological questions at the scale of communities, landscapes, and biomes. The aim of a plant ecology strategy scheme (PESS) is to express an understanding of important opportunities and selective forces that shape the ecologies of plants and to describe the general principles of plant-environment relations without taxonomic details, to provide a common language for comparing species and vegetation types worldwide. Westoby (1998) proposed a PESS for woody species consisted of three axes: 1) specific leaf area (SLA); 2) height of the canopy of the species; and 3) seed mass. These traits, leaf-height-seed (LHS), are correlated with a number of others and are fundamental trade-offs controlling plant strategies. The aim of this study was to test in a disjoint cerrado woodland site in southeastern Brazil whether traits of the LHS scheme are potential predictors of dispersal guilds. We tried to answer the following question: do the species dispersed by abiotic means present different ecological strategies to species dispersed by animals, considering the LHS scheme? Still, we tested in the same community whether specific leaf area and plant height are potential predictors of two phenological groups, that is, deciduous and evergreen species. We tried to answer the following question: are SLA and plant height related to leaf phenology? According to our results, neither dispersal guilds nor leaf phenological groups could be predicted by the functional traits studied. The similarity in SLA in both cases may be due to two factors: similar height of species (similar habitats in regard to light availability) and sclerophylly. Soil nutrient deficiency seems to lead cerrado woody species to convergent adaptative adjustments regarding both specific leaf area and height. Dispersal guilds were similar concerning seed mass, given that all zoochorous species studied were ornithochorous, whose seed mass is typically low, and abiotically dispersed species had higher than expected seed masses. In the cerrado, the latter may occur as support to the investment in high root-to-shoot ratio of biomass allocation at the seedling stage. Seeds of bird-dispersed species are limited on the size and mass because of the small size of most frugivorous birds. Additionally, in the cerrado, some plants associated with bird dispersers may have their diaspores collected by ants, which favours their seed germination.
Desenvolvimento de um modelo de simulação para auxiliar o gerenciamento de sistemas de corte, carregamento e transporte de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20)
Silva, João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da
;
Alves, Maria Rita Pontes Assumpção
Brazil is the greatest producer of sugar cane in the world. The 2004/2005 harvest season processed 360 million ton of sugar cane produced in 5.4 million hectares. The business related to this activity is responsible for 3 million direct and indirect jobs and much of Brazilian economy depends on this supply chain, from fertilizer and machine suppliers to final products delivery to their markets. The continuous feeding of sugar cane mills during the harvest season depends much on the management of harvesting, loading and transport operations of sugar cane from the farms to the mills. This delivery of sugar cane must be guaranteed to avoid the risk of stopping the industrial production of sugar and alcohol. This work focuses the development of a simulation model and its use as a management tool to evaluate the working shifts of agriculture machines operators of a sugar mill at São Paulo State. At first, this operations research technique is presented as a decision-making tool because it enables a previous evaluation before its implementation. In sequence, cutting, loading and transportation operations are described as well as the restrictions that bring difficulties to its management. Finally, the computer model developed is shown. It was used to evaluate and select the suitable working shift system regarding the requirements of cane delivery, the risk of lack of cane and the restriction of the daily working shift hours, established by labor legislation. Four scenarios were selected to evaluation. The first scenario considers all operators shift at 7:00 and 19:00 h (main schedule). The other scenarios consider a two, four and six hour delay of one of the cutting, loading and transportation teams in comparison to the main schedule. The model was efficient to represent the real system and much information was gathered to subsidize the decision. The scenario that considers a four hour delay of a team was select as the best as it reached most of the requirements of cane delivery, working hours limit and risk of lack of cane. The discussion is focused in the selected case, but similar works can be conducted to other sugar and alcohol mills or even to other processes of sugar and alcohol production system.
G-variedades riemannianas como hipersuperfícies de formas espaciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20)
Gonçalves, Ion Moutinho
;
Figueiredo Junior, Ruy Tojeiro de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930999514347198
(See full text for download) It is proved that an isometric immersion f: Mn ! Qn+1 c of a compact Riemannian mani-fold of dimension n ¸ 3 into a space form of dimension n + 1 is equivariant with respect to a Lie group homomor¯sm ©: Iso0(Mn) ! Iso(Qn+1 c ), where Iso0(Mn) denotes the identity component of the isometry group Iso(Mn) of Mn. For the case Qn+1 c = Rn+1, it is shown that © takes every closed connected subgroup of Iso(Mn) acting locally polarly on Mn into a group that acts polarly on Rn+1. Moreover, compact Euclidean rotation hypersurfaces of dimension n ¸ 3 are characterized by their underlying warped product structure. Besides, isometric immersions f: Mn ! Qn+1 c of a complete Riemannian manifold Mn under a locally polar action of a closed connected subgroup of Iso(Mn) with umbilical principal orbits are studied.
Criação de empresas como mecanismo de cooperação universidade-empresa: os spin-offs acadêmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21)
Costa, Lucelia Borges da
;
Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2741400963698629
Nowadays, the countrys development is based on science, tecnology and inovation. Because of this, the society is demanding that the university, one of the most important sources of that resources, acts transfering the results of its researches to the market. There are several ways to transfer the tecnology from university to the industry. One of them, that is emerging as an important mechanism, is the creation of firms from results of researches generated in the university (the academic spin-offs). Therefore, in Brasil there are few studies about this mechanism of university-company cooperation. Indenting to improve this situation, the present study mains to exihibit the profile of academic spin-offs from Brazil, showing its characteristics, motivations, difficulties and the opinion of spin-off owners. The methodology used was the quantitative research and the data was collected through questionnaires sent to 33 spin-offs companies from 9 universities. One important result obtained shows that just three companies have university s patents.
Programa informativo sobre deficiência mental e inclusão: efeitos nas atitudes e concepções de crianças não-deficientes.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21)
Vieira, Camila Mugnai
;
Denari, Fátima Elisabeth
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394
In order to realize a real inclusion, besides politics, structural and educational aspects, it is also essential to consider the subjective and relational aspects involved in the process. The lack of information and daily contact among people without disabilities with people with disabilities can contribute to the construction of preconception and difficulties in the social interactions between both. The present research describes conceptions and social attitudes of children without disabilities concerning mental retardation and inclusion, and analyzes the effects of an informative program about these aspects. The participants of this research were forty children from two the first grade classrooms in one public elementary school localized in Marília, State of São Paulo. One of the classrooms participated as a control group. Every child was submitted to a pre and a post-test in the form of individual interviews about the issue. They also participated in the application of childish scale on social attitudes in respect to the inclusion. The experimental group participated in the informative program, composed of thirteen weekly meetings of one hour and thirty minutes duration each in which it were discussed limitations and possibilities of people with mental retardation, specialized assistance, their scholarization and familiar and social aspects, utilizing a variety of ludic and educational strategies. The data collected during the interviews were categorized and analyzed in its content. From the scale, it was obtained individual scores. Statistics calculations were realized to verify the significance of the differences among groups. The results indicated that the informative program favored a higher understanding of the mental retardation, including a more realistic view of the possible limitations and abilities of people with disabilities as well as their needs of support and the environment transformation. Moreover, the perception of similarities among people with and without disabilities, social acceptance and favorable attitudes towards inclusion increased. The results also indicated the necessity to develop research and intervention about this issue along with the community, which leads to the construction of more appropriate conceptions, attitudes, positive feelings and inclusion facilitators since the childhood.
Comparação de diferentes métodos para determinar o limiar de anaerobiose de idosos saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21)
Pozzi, Luis Gustavo
;
Catai, Aparecida Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
Some studies have been conducted with the objective of applying mathematical models to the data of HR, CO2 and RMS of myoelectric signal to determine a shift point on their behaviors during exercise and characterize metabolic changes which occur at the anaerobic threshold level (AT), saving time and optimizing the conventional analysis process which, by financial reasons, has become restricted to few research centers. The objective of the present study was to determine the anaerobic threshold applying two mathematical models, Heteroscedastic and Hinkley, to a set of HR, RMS and CO2 data. Methods: 9 active elderly subjects were studied (61,4 ±1,8years) during continuous physical ramp load test on cycle ergometer, with power ranging from 10 to 15 Watts/min. FC data was collected beat to beat and ventilatory variables breath to breath. After the application of mathematical models to these variables and the identification of the behavior shift points, the power levels, HR and O2 were registered, compared and co-related to those obtained by the graphic visual model. Statistic methodology: The Friedman test was used to make multiple comparisons and the Spearman co-relation test (5%) to verify the adjustment of the models to the variables. Results: no significant differences were found (p>0,05) in relation to the gold standard, between the power levels, O2 and HR during the LA shift identified by the different models. Significant correlated data were found between the HR values identified by the mathematical models applied to the HR and O2 data, between the values of O2 when identified by the HR, and between power rates only when identified by the Hinkley model applied to data of RMS of the myoeletric signal. Conclusion: in the sample study, the mathematical models appeared adequate in determining noninvasive AT. Both models adjusted better to the HR data, followed by CO2 and RMS.
Análise da interação profissional-paciente no atendimento odontopediátrico como requisito para a capacitação do dentista para o trabalho com pacientes especiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21)
Rolim, Gustavo Sattolo
;
Souza, Deisy das Graças de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
The dental treatment and all its components (behaviors and the clinical environment) frequently acquire aversive functions. The objective of this study was to describe strategies used by the dentist and its effects on children s escape or avoidance behaviors during the dental treatment. Participants were a dentist and six children with previous history of traumatic dental treatment. Two studies were carried out. In first study the procedure consisted of eight sessions separated by two Experimental Conditions. In the First Condition, treatment should be conducted at the first 4 sessions with an explicit requirement of not using children s Physical Restraint. This requirement was suspended for the Second Condition. In the other study, two dental treatments were carried out without any special requirement, separated by an interval of two years. For both studies, all the sessions were recorded in VHS and behavioral events sequentially analyzed. Children and professional s behaviors were recorded in a formal protocol. The treatments were analyzed session by session and in each dental routine. Records were made by independent observers. Results showed that children with a history of non-cooperative behaviors when exposed to the same type of situation presented a reduction in the frequency of non-cooperative behaviors, what can be supposed to be a result of an extinction process. Extinction also occurred concerning dentist´s interactive responses. Dentist used Physical Restraint to manage dental treatment. Participant 1 showed cooperative behaviors during almost all treatment sessions. When the dentist used Physical Restraint, this child emitted escape responses. For Participant 2, Physical Restraint worked as punition, because it suppressed non-cooperative behaviors. Considering the treatment of Participants 3, 4, 5 and 6 data reveals the possibility of an extinction process of non-cooperative behaviors. Results suggest that the dentist and child learn with each other during dental treatment, and this situation is important not only for the dental health, but also for the promotion and development of coping repertoires with situations that involve aversive events.
Rutenioporfirinas: síntese e aplicação como catalisadores de reações de oxidação de ciclo-hexano, adamantano e Z-cicloocteno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21)
Guimarães, Christian Alexander
;
Moraes, Margarida de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9834619417892713
The porphyrin ligands, mesotetraphenyl-21H, 23Hporphyrin, meso-tetrakis(2-bromophenyl)-21H, 23H-porphyrin, meso-tetrakis(4- bromophenyl)-21H, 23H-porphyrin, meso-tetrakis(2-chlorophenyl)-21H, 23Hporphyrin, meso-tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)-21H, 23H-porphyrin and meso-tetrakis(2,6- dichlorophenyl)-21H, 23H- porphyrins, were synthesized by the condensation reaction of pyrrol with aldehyde, under reflux in acetic acid. After purification and characterization, ruthenium was inserted into these ligands. A solution of ruthenium trichloride was added to a solution of the ligand in 2-metoxymethanol and/or 2,2- metoxyethoximethanol under reflux and under a constant flow of carbon monoxide. The complexes of first and second generations were obtained: (carbonyl)(methanol) mesotetraphenylporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol) meso-tetrakis(2- bromophenil)porphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis (4- bromophenyl)porphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(2- chlorophenyl)porphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)porphyrinateruthenium(II) and (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(2,6- dichlorophenyl)porphyrinateruthenium(II). Using these complexes as starting reagents, a new methodology was developed for the direct synthesis of third generation rutheniumporphyrin complexes, which are not yet reported in the literature. This methodology consisted of the reaction of the compounds of first and second generations with N-bromossuccynamide and/or N-chlorossuccynamide. The poly-chlorinated and poly-bromated compounds: (carbonyl)(methanol)mesotetraphenyl-β-octachloroporphyrinate ruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(2-bromophenyl)-β-octachloro-porphyrinate ruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)-β-octachloro porphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(2-chlorophenyl)-β- octachloroporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(4-chloro phenyl)-β-octachloroporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis (2,6-dichlorophenyl)-β-octachloroporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol) mesotetraphenyl-β-octabromoporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)mesotetrakis(2-bromophenyl)-β-octabromoporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol) meso-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)-β- octabromoporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl) (methanol)meso-tetrakis(2-chlorophenyl)-β-octabromoporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)-β-octabromoporphyrinate ruthenium(II) and (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-β- octabromoporphyrinateruthenium(II), were obtained using this new synthetic method and sometimes using the conventional literature method. All the ligands and complexes were characterized by UV-VIS and Infrared spectrometry, elemental analysis CHN and nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen. After the characterizations, all the compounds were used as catalysts in oxidation reactions of ciclohexane, adamantane and Z-ciclooctene with iodosylbenzene, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite as oxygen donors. The effect of the aging of the catalysts was investigated. Rutheniumporphyrins recently-prepared and stored for two years were used in catalyzed reactions. For all the complexes significant results for the yields and selectivity of the formed products were obtained for almost all of the systems and for all of the used oxidizers.
O traçado das redes: etnografia dos grafiteiros e a sociabilidade na metrópole
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21)
Ferreira, Lucas Tavares
;
Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
This dissertation presents a panorama of the graffiti s universe in São Paulo, analyzing the sociability between these street writers, know as grafiteiros , such as between these and other agents that are, some way, connected to the graffiti s webs. From de transgression in the streets, realized by the same way that the pixadores do, ways are throwing up, bringing professional perspectives, the entrance in art galleries and in the publicitary world, partners with public power and the graffiti s recognizing such a part of the contemporary urban imaginary. From historic elements, life s trajectories, the different techniques and styles, tensions and negotiations, this ethnography presents the graffiti s dynamics interacting through their webs, with spaces and the metropolis dinamism.
As percepções dos professores de Ciências e Biologia, atuantes em telessalas, no uso e no processo de leitura de imagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21)
Sartorato, Eliana Giro
;
Hartwing, Dácio Rodney
;
http://plsql1.cnpq.br/sigef_imp/PRC_HIST_PROC?F_COD_RH=K4133268P3
In this work, we tried to think about the perceptions of science and biology teachers about the use of audio-visual resources, starting from the view of the specific reality from the Telecurso 2000 project. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted with the theorical referential presented at the second chapter from the current dissertation, taking as a base elements from Vygotsky s studies, in a historical and cultural perspective, and how it is inserted on the Semiotic field, as the research had the primordial hypothesis that the act of image reading is an important tool for the teaching and learning process. The major objective was to identify the teachers perspectives about the use and process of image reading, to describe how the activities that use the image are developed as well as to analyze these perspectives. For that, the starting point was the question: What are the perceptions of the active Science Teachers, in the used and process of image reading? . The chosen research method was an exploratory descriptive one, using questionnaires as the instruments for the data gathering. These questionnaires were specially done for these meanings and were given to active teachers of the Science and Biology Modules from the State Teaching System of São Paulo and from the SESI and SENAI systems. For the data analyzes, we proceed using the qualitative perspective way of research, being the answers grouped by topics and exposed in tables showing these topics which indicates the interviewed options by frequency and your percentual representation. According to the facts studied in this research our conclusions was that even if teachers considers the image as a pedagogic tool, presenting relevant and important of their aspects, there are still some major facts to be studied on the formation from the teachers regarding the audiovisual resources.
Fatores de risco e de proteção: um estudo de acompanhamento em pré-escolares com comportamentos agressivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21)
Picado, Juliana da Rocha
;
Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de
The interest of studding aggressive behaviors in preschoolers was justified because of the evidences related to these children s tendency to follow through disruptive behaviors pathways, marked by academic problems, grade retention and school drop-out, approach with antisocial peers and improvement of antisocial behaviors. One known protective factor that seems to minimize these risk factors and tend to reduce aggressive behaviors is the development of positive relationships between teacher and child. This research intend to study 11 preschoolers, with 7 years old, that had been pointed, when they were 5 years, as presenting aggressive behaviors in high frequency and intensity. The objectives were 1) to characterize this group in aggressive behaviors, other behavior problems, academic skills and school adjustment; 2) to verify the stability of these behaviors along two years; 3) Identify possible risk factors in which these children are exposed; and 4) evaluate if the relationship between teachers and students contains protective elements. The instruments used with teachers were: Teacher's Report Form TRF, which evaluate externalizing and internalizing problems; the Academic Skills and School Adjustment Interview, and the Teacher's Relationship Interview. The mothers answered the Adverse Events Scale as well as an interview about educative practices. Results indicate that 63.6% of the children remain aggressiveness indications according to current teachers, and the other children also have problems as hyperactivity, insecurity, and low self-esteem. TRF indicates the presence of problems in all of the studied children. Ten of eleven cases (90.9%) present externalizing problems, two (18.1%) internalizing problems, and nine of them (81.8%) indications for total problems. In the individual scales of TRF, five children received clinical indication for aggressive behaviors. The academic skills of 54.5% of the children were considered satisfactory, while school adjustment were instable in all of the cases. It is verified that all children are exposed to many risk factors, in special those related to financial problems and family context, through educational practices used. The results of teacher-child relationships pointed that two teachers (18.1%) were considerate able to represent protective factor to their students. Both present high sense of discipline, represent secure base for their students, have empathy, are able to talk about negative events related to the student or to the relationship, feel effective in teaching and also feel capable to reach and to modify student's behaviors as well as demonstrate positive feelings in relation to them. Four teachers (36.3%) showed less presence of these characteristics, and other five (45.4%) seems not to be able to represent protective factors to theirs students. All of these children are exposed to risk factors, and the majority of them do not seem to have protective factors enough to minimize the risk effects in their lives. Possible aggressive pathways to be followed by these children are discussed. The prevention and reduction of aggressive behaviors in preschoolers seems to be the most appropriate alternative to interrupt the evolution of early conduct problems. It is emphasized the needed to develop special competences in teachers, making them able to manage with aggressive behaviors or other behaviors problems, becoming protective factors to those children.
Estudo da variação genética em Prochilodus costatus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) na bacia do Rio São Francisco, região de três Marias (MG)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22)
Costa, Luis Fernando Carvalho
;
Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4800779539865670
"Curimbatá-pióa ", Prochilodus costatus (Valenciennes, 1850), is an endemic species from São Francisco river basin, with migratory habits, with important ecological role and of fishing importance. The present study aimed to assess the genetic variation in Prochilodus costatus in order to verify the occurrence of population genetic structure and to produce knowledge that contributes to the conservation of the species. Genetic variation was studied at three sites downstream of the Três Marias dam (MG) through six specific microsatellites loci, isolated and characterized in this study. The loci were amplified through PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and the individuals were genotyped in an automated sequencer. The statistical analyses were accomplished through the softwares GENEPOP 3.3 and FSTAT 2.9.3.2. Fish from the three sites had quite similar genetic diversity levels and they did not show genetic differentiation to each other, suggesting that P. costatus might represent a single reproductive unit in the high-middle São Francisco River. These findings are comparable to those previously obtained in the sister-species P. argenteus and should be important for futures management plans that seek the conservation of this species.