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Desenvolvimento de um modelo de simulação para auxiliar o gerenciamento de sistemas de corte, carregamento e transporte de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20) Silva, João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da; Alves, Maria Rita Pontes Assumpção
Brazil is the greatest producer of sugar cane in the world. The 2004/2005 harvest season processed 360 million ton of sugar cane produced in 5.4 million hectares. The business related to this activity is responsible for 3 million direct and indirect jobs and much of Brazilian economy depends on this supply chain, from fertilizer and machine suppliers to final products delivery to their markets. The continuous feeding of sugar cane mills during the harvest season depends much on the management of harvesting, loading and transport operations of sugar cane from the farms to the mills. This delivery of sugar cane must be guaranteed to avoid the risk of stopping the industrial production of sugar and alcohol. This work focuses the development of a simulation model and its use as a management tool to evaluate the working shifts of agriculture machines operators of a sugar mill at São Paulo State. At first, this operations research technique is presented as a decision-making tool because it enables a previous evaluation before its implementation. In sequence, cutting, loading and transportation operations are described as well as the restrictions that bring difficulties to its management. Finally, the computer model developed is shown. It was used to evaluate and select the suitable working shift system regarding the requirements of cane delivery, the risk of lack of cane and the restriction of the daily working shift hours, established by labor legislation. Four scenarios were selected to evaluation. The first scenario considers all operators shift at 7:00 and 19:00 h (main schedule). The other scenarios consider a two, four and six hour delay of one of the cutting, loading and transportation teams in comparison to the main schedule. The model was efficient to represent the real system and much information was gathered to subsidize the decision. The scenario that considers a four hour delay of a team was select as the best as it reached most of the requirements of cane delivery, working hours limit and risk of lack of cane. The discussion is focused in the selected case, but similar works can be conducted to other sugar and alcohol mills or even to other processes of sugar and alcohol production system.
Análise da fragmentação de áreas de vegetação natural e semi-natural do município de Santa Cruz da Conceição, São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20) Fushita, Angela Terumi; Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
Habitat fragmentation has three major components, namely loss of the original area and reduction in size and increasing of patches. This process was helped with the development of biogeography theory, metapopulation dynamic and sink and source model. This study analyzed the landscape dynamic of the municipality of Santa Cruz, São Palo State, Brazil to base the public politics elaboration. The land occupation was classified in 1962, 1972 and 2002 based in aerial photographic because this material is more accurate than satellite images. Several softwares were used and they had allowed to make the treatment of satellite image and aerial photographic treatment until the analysis of some landscape metrics. We made thematic maps of the municipality. The natural and semi-natural areas were separated and were analyzed the Area/density/edge, Shape, Core Area, Isolation/Proximity and Edge Contrast to each class of fragments in software Fragstats 3.3. The Relative Ecological Vulnerability (REV), Connectivity and Shape were analyzed in MapInfo 7.5. The results indicated that the deforestation was faster before 1962. The lost of cerrado, fields and flooded areas happened between 1962 and 1972 and the recovering of riparian zone happened between 1972 and 2002. The matrix was pasture in 1962 and 1972 and was pasture and sugar cane fields in 2002. In the 1962 there were more fragments but they were smaller and had more edge than in the other examined years. The patches had simple shape and were less isolated in 1962 and 1972. The number of source fragments was greater in 2002. In future, aiming the conservation of remaining natural areas, should be fostered the increase of fragments area and the vegetation recovering in permanent preservation area, as well as key sites for organisms dispersion that may improve the exchange of individuals among reserves. These actions should improve landscape integrity.
Nas entrelinhas da história, memória e gênero. Lembranças da Fazenda Jatahy.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20) Andriolli, Carmen Silvia; Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370
This study presents the remembrances of female and male coffee-farm workers from the Jatahy Farm, located at the Luiz Antonio County, Northeastern region of the São Paulo State, Brazil. The Jatahy Farm was a property that along the 20th century had been through several manners of seizure; from 1925 to 1959 the farm was bought by the Companhia Mogiana de Estradas de Ferro, that extinguished the coffee plantation and in its place had started the pines and eucalyptus cultivation. In 1959 the Jatahy Farm had became a São Paulo State property and most of its area was turned into an experimental station focused on its local forest studies, resulting nowadays on an ecological station in which scientific researches and assisted environmental education are the only activities allowed. Although, thanks the seizure changes coffee farm to railway company property and then to a conservation area the working offers decreased and the Jatahy Farm s residents established out there since the time of coffee cultivation, soon by soon started leaving the place they used to live in. However, the multiplicity of meanings applied to the Jatahy Farm at the present, resulting from the effort on its conservation, are centered most on the sociability experienced in the past, when Jatahy Farm was a coffee farm. From that point on, this study is due to rebuild the collective memory of female and male Jatahy Farm s coffee workers, understanding Work in its multiple dimensions the work experienced in public and private circles as an analytical category, as way as Memory, Gender and, specifically, the Patriarchy concept. Consequently, this dissertation aims to discuss the gender differences existing on female and male memories, also considering the tenant farmers experiences as Italian immigrants. Reconstructing their life experiences throughout the Work as an analytical category is faced here as the ground zero for understanding sociabilities, representations and the multiplicity of meanings conferred to individual and collective life. Furthermore, the Gender category allows taking work, history and female opposed-power out off the invisibility, exploring the Patriarchy constructing and reconstructing process throughout time and, for that reason, its a-historical character. The time cut selected (1925-1959) is intended to include the periods in which Jatahy Farm was both a coffee farm and a Companhia Mogiana Railway property. The adopted research method was Oral History, by the possibilities it offers on registering and understanding remembrances, combined to other kinds of documents. The dialogue established amongst the variety of sources, oral and written, enhanced the relations on memory and history, which was focused on the local and regional historiography. The reconstruction of tenant farmers collective memory was also possible thanks to photographic sources, understood as a support for memories and the elaboration of affective maps by the deponents.
Análise dos acidentes de trânsito do Município de São Carlos utilizando o Sistema de Informação Geográfica - SIG e ferramentas de estatística espacial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20) Santos, Luciano dos; Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
The traffic accidents have reached high records, registering a great amount of wounded and material damages. One of the largest concerns of the responsible organs for the planning of the traffic and transport is to find solutions that can come to reduce the numbers of traffic accidents. In this context, this work had as main objective to accomplish a spatial analysis of the accidents of traffic on the municipal district of São Carlos - SP, using a of Geographic Information System (GIS) associated to tools of Spatial Statistics, with the intention of identifying the points and areas of larger occurrence of accidents, as well as the spatial tendencies of growth. The work has been developed in two stages: a) determination of punctual patterns; and b) determination of critical zones. For the accomplishment of this work was necessary to make a geographic reference of the traffic accidents, happened between 2001 and 2003. The Spatial Statistics tools used in this work were the Index of Moran, Average Space Piece of furniture, among others; they were used for the accomplishment of groupings of traffic accidents, determination of the critical zones of accidents and the tendencies of displacement of the accidents. The work showed that the traffic accidents happen in all the mesh of urban way, with a larger incidence of accidents with material damages in the central areas of the city and accidents with victims in the outlying areas. It was possible to observe that a displacement of the accidents of traffic exists for almost all the areas of the São Carlos city, it being a spatial phenomenon of difficult treatment. The largest difficulty founded for the accomplishment of this work were linked to the analysis of the consistence of the information, it mean that the analyses of the traffic accidents will be each time more satisfactory, if we pay a larger attention in the collection process and storage of those information.
Imprensa e forças armadas no Brasil pós-guerra fria (1995-1998).
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20) Albertini, Lauriani Porto; Martins Filho, João Roberto
With the end of the Military Regime, the fall of the Soviet Union and the rise of the neoliberalism, the relationship between media and the military by the way, already tense in the authoritarian Brazil was expressed in a diffused and confused way. Somehow, we can say that there are two points of view on the military problem: one, a Liberal, economic emphasized; other, a Realistic or Conservative, with emphasis in the national security). Nevertheless, both visions have influenced and may determine the kind of relationship that some parts of the press had with the Armed Forces in Brazil, in the years of 1995 to 1998. The research focus on the systematic analysis of Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo articles and editorials. In that way, we suggest that Folha, influenced by the liberal view, represents itself more critic to the military, showing to the society a series of hostile reflections upon the military corporation. At the same time, O Estado de S. Paulo (influenced by a conservative point of view) presents itself on the support of keeping a modern Armed Forces to national defense.
Modelos HMM com dependência de segunda ordem: aplicação em genética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20) Zuanetti, Daiane Aparecida; Milan, Luis Aparecido
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Efeitos de um programa de prevenção de problemas de comportamento em crianças pré-escolares de famílias de baixa renda.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20) Rios, Karyne de Souza Augusto; Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
The objective of this research was assess the effects of an early intervention program to low-income families living in a small city of São Paulo, to prevent the development of problems behavior in pre-school children, by the improvement of parental educational skills that are associated to pro-social behavior development (positive supervision and moral behavior) and the reduction of parental educational skills that are associated to problems behavior development (physical and psychological abuse, negligence, relaxed discipline, inconsistent punishment and negative supervision). Two parents group made part of the study. Each group should be constituted by six couple of parents (monoparental families or just one parent were accepted) and their respective children with ages between 6 months and 3 years old. But just four mothers in group A and one mother in group B (M5) had participated effectively. Parent interview, Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, Parenting Scale, Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Temperament Assessment Questionnaire and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire were applied with participants. Furthermore, observations of mother-child interaction were carried with one mother on group A and M5. The intervention consisted in ten weekly sessions that have dealt the following subjects: child development, parental skills communication, positive discipline management, domestic violence, positive parental supervision and moral behavior. The strategies that have been used were: videos, dynamics, discussions, role-play, relaxing technique, angry management, solving problems, homework, and others. The data obtained by interview were categorized to aim a social demographic analysis of the participants. Comparations between total scores of each measure before intervention, after intervention and in Follow-up were made. The observation of mother-child interaction, that was a sequential measure were registered in a table and have been categorized in comparative graphics between the groups. The results showed that all participants were living in a high risk context to problems behavior development in children. The Temperament Assessment Questionnaire indicated that all children have demonstrated styles of temperament that are related with problems behavior development. About the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, one mother have increased their parental satisfaction and effectiveness score, two mothers only have increased their parental satisfaction score e two other mothers have reduced their parental satisfaction and effectiveness score. There were decreased of inconsistent discipline (laxness), overreactivity and verbosity using for all participants. The observation s data indicated more frequency of positive interactions between mothers and children and the increased of positive parental behavior after the intervention. Future studies are necessary to investigate intervention s process and to promote relations with other professionals and with the Government to get better results and long-term consequences to families and their children.
G-variedades riemannianas como hipersuperfícies de formas espaciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20) Gonçalves, Ion Moutinho; Figueiredo Junior, Ruy Tojeiro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930999514347198
(See full text for download) It is proved that an isometric immersion f: Mn ! Qn+1 c of a compact Riemannian mani-fold of dimension n ¸ 3 into a space form of dimension n + 1 is equivariant with respect to a Lie group homomor¯sm ©: Iso0(Mn) ! Iso(Qn+1 c ), where Iso0(Mn) denotes the identity component of the isometry group Iso(Mn) of Mn. For the case Qn+1 c = Rn+1, it is shown that © takes every closed connected subgroup of Iso(Mn) acting locally polarly on Mn into a group that acts polarly on Rn+1. Moreover, compact Euclidean rotation hypersurfaces of dimension n ¸ 3 are characterized by their underlying warped product structure. Besides, isometric immersions f: Mn ! Qn+1 c of a complete Riemannian manifold Mn under a locally polar action of a closed connected subgroup of Iso(Mn) with umbilical principal orbits are studied.
Previsão de guildas de dispersão e de fenologia foliar com base em atributos funcionais para espécies arbustivo-arbóreas em uma área de cerrado sensu stricto em Itirapina (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20) Jardim, André Vitor Fleuri; Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339
There is growing recognition that classifying terrestrial plant species on the basis of their function (into functional types ) rather than their higher taxonomic identity is a promising way forward for tackling important ecological questions at the scale of communities, landscapes, and biomes. The aim of a plant ecology strategy scheme (PESS) is to express an understanding of important opportunities and selective forces that shape the ecologies of plants and to describe the general principles of plant-environment relations without taxonomic details, to provide a common language for comparing species and vegetation types worldwide. Westoby (1998) proposed a PESS for woody species consisted of three axes: 1) specific leaf area (SLA); 2) height of the canopy of the species; and 3) seed mass. These traits, leaf-height-seed (LHS), are correlated with a number of others and are fundamental trade-offs controlling plant strategies. The aim of this study was to test in a disjoint cerrado woodland site in southeastern Brazil whether traits of the LHS scheme are potential predictors of dispersal guilds. We tried to answer the following question: do the species dispersed by abiotic means present different ecological strategies to species dispersed by animals, considering the LHS scheme? Still, we tested in the same community whether specific leaf area and plant height are potential predictors of two phenological groups, that is, deciduous and evergreen species. We tried to answer the following question: are SLA and plant height related to leaf phenology? According to our results, neither dispersal guilds nor leaf phenological groups could be predicted by the functional traits studied. The similarity in SLA in both cases may be due to two factors: similar height of species (similar habitats in regard to light availability) and sclerophylly. Soil nutrient deficiency seems to lead cerrado woody species to convergent adaptative adjustments regarding both specific leaf area and height. Dispersal guilds were similar concerning seed mass, given that all zoochorous species studied were ornithochorous, whose seed mass is typically low, and abiotically dispersed species had higher than expected seed masses. In the cerrado, the latter may occur as support to the investment in high root-to-shoot ratio of biomass allocation at the seedling stage. Seeds of bird-dispersed species are limited on the size and mass because of the small size of most frugivorous birds. Additionally, in the cerrado, some plants associated with bird dispersers may have their diaspores collected by ants, which favours their seed germination.
Avaliação de procedimentos de extração e determinação de boro em amostras de solo e plantas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20) Chaves, Fernanda Santiago; Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
Boron is present in soils as an essential nutrient for plants growing. Soils and plants sample preparation procedures were evaluated aiming to compare the extractors efficiency. Sample preparation methods, such as dry and microwave digestions, extractions using heated water and pressurized water system, and chloride and acid solution extractions, were compared. The spectrophotometric and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry - ICP OES determinations were used to evaluated the method efficiency s of extraction and of decomposition. Sample preparation procedures for plants showed good results once recovery were approximately 100% when were compared with certificate values for SRM NIST (1515). Extraction method in soil employing water and barium chloride solution as extractors showed the best results. The methods using microwave-assisted presented the best agreements between themselves. The results obtained in analysis from Mehlich 1 and HCl 0,05 mol l-1 solution extractions were relatively lower then the others.
Sincronia e índice de divergência de diversidade de espécies anemocóricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-20) Massi, Klécia Gili; Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339
The Cerrado Domain is the second largest Brazilian phytogeographic province, occupying originally 23% of Brazil s land surface, under seasonal climate. The cerrado presents a floristic and physiognomic variation, ranging from grassland to tall woodland. Anemochorous species are proportionally more important in the cerrado than in Brazilian rain forests, especially in open physiognomies. Morphological designs of wind-dispersed diaspores appear to slow their rates of descent, increasing their chances of exposure to winds and of reaching safe sites to germinate. Wind-dispersed species are constrained to fruit during the best time for seed dispersal. Also, the height of seed release and surrounding vegetation are fundamental to long-distance dispersal. We selected the wind-dispersed species from three phytosociological surveys (disjoint and core sites) and classified them into autogyro, rollingautogyro, floater, or undulator, according to the diaspore morphology and aerodynamic behavior in still air. For each species, we had data on its fruiting period. We tried to assess whether there was a seasonality and, if there was, whether it was synchronized with some climatic conditions. The number of fruiting anemochorous cerrado species was highest at the dry season, coinciding with reduced precipitation. Next, we studied the anemochorous diaspore spectra and index of divergence from species to anemochorous diaspore diversity (IDD) in three cerrado physiognomies (campo cerrado, cerrado sensu stricto, and cerradão) in a disjoint site and three cerrado physiognomies (cerrado sensu stricto) in different floristic pronvinces. There was a floristic unit among the cerrado physiognomies, with the ecotonal ones containing both grassland and woodland elements. Both nuclear and disjoint sites were ecologically similar regarding the species distribution. However, there were differences when species abundances were considered. In denser sites, vegetation reduces wind velocity in ...