Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2012-03-15"

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Darstellungen nos Princípios da Mecânica e no Tractatus : a representação dos objetos e a figuração do mundo em Hertz e em Wittgenstein
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-15)
Silva, Eduardo Simões
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Cass, Mark Julian Richter
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6549114665097353
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4739161935290553
The aim of this thesis is based on the defense of the hypothesis that there are remarkable influences of the physicist Heinrich Hertz s thinking, especially his The Principles of Mechanics (1894), on the Wittgenstein s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922). From a series of occasions in which Wittgenstein quotes Hertz, it was proposed here to ascertain what extent this could be sustained. Thus, we tried to display Hertz s thinking within a context in which he involves with the analysis and discussions of the mechanics that were previous to Hertz, proposing a kind of purification of these mechanics, presenting his own image. His intention was to present a unique image from which what he calls pseudo-concepts could be understood; that is, force and energy. From this image, it is argued here, Wittgenstein makes use of its substantial elements (material particle, material point and system) in order to construct his ontology as well as the Hertzian notion that we form facts to ourselves . Besides, with his notion of metaphorical network, he uses a Hertzian procedure to determine the operation of a mechanical system through coordinates about Wittgenstein, determining singularity and the non-priority of a scientific theory over the other. However, at no time it is said that Wittgenstein provided some kind of improvement regarding the mechanics of Hertz because it would suggest that both were dealing with the same subjects within the same scope which, obviously, did not occur and Wittgenstein was aware of that. What Wittgenstein does is a reapplication of the elements of the mechanics of Hertz, in a diverse scope, in order to provide his philosophy with determination, generality and formal independence. The importance of this thesis lies in demonstrating that the tribute of the first to the second is permissible.
Efeitos do ensino de contagem sobre a aquisição de comportamento conceitual numérico em crianças pré-escolares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-15)
Fioraneli, Rogério Crevelenti
;
Carmo, João dos Santos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694
Abstract Although the studies regarding the role of counting in the acquisition of the numeric conceptual behavior has grown and developed in the past few decades, results available in the literature still show experimental and theoretical disagreements. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of training on oral counting in the acquisition of numeric conceptual behavior through the comparison to the performance of children who were not exposed to the training on counting. Participants consisted of eight children, between three and four years old, from a private elementary school in Araraquara city, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The battery of numeric tasks used for this purpose consisted of the following stimuli, all them ranging from 1 to 9: arabic digits (A); sets of pictures of objects and animals with a random spatial distribution (B); printed number-words (C), spoken numbers (D) and naming (E). Participants in both groups were submitted to the following initial tests: oral counting, identity matching (AA, BB, CC), symbolic relations (AB, AC, BA, CA, BC, CB), auditive-visual matching (DA, DB, DC) and naming (EA, EB, EC). Equivalence relations between numbers and quantities (AB, AC and DA) were trained on both groups, experimental (EG) and control (CG), and oral counting was taught to the EG only. Training on counting consisted of the following steps: verification, training and production of the numeric verbal sequence repertoire, and establishment of oneto- one correspondence between numbers and names of elements in a set. The emergence of the BA, BC, CA, CB, DB, DC, EA and EB relations was observed with the EG participants. By the other hand, subsequent tests of training on relations (same as the initial tests) showed the emergence of the BA, DB, DC, EA and EB relations with the CG. In general, EG participants presented better overall scores compared to the CG. The results presented herein point to oral counting as a facilitator for the numerical equivalence.
Estados parcialmente emaranhados em comunicação quântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-16)
Gomes, Raphael Fortes Infante
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Rigolin, Gustavo Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5670956791297779
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5150160591123690
In this master s thesis we approach the entanglement between quantum states as a resource to be used in the transmission of quantum information, particularly in quantum teleportation. Our focus was directed toward the study of partially entangled quantum states, that is, states in which the entanglement degree is below the maximum value allowed by quantum mechanics, since they are more likely to be found in actual devices than maximally entangled states. We review the properties and concepts that characterize vectors and operators from the viewpoint of linear algebra to formally present the postulates of quantum mechanics. We introduced the notion of qubits and showed how these can be applied to computing tasks via quantum logic gates.We explained in details the main quantum teleportation protocols that originated the methods used in this work, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each one. We presented protocols with new arrangements and introduced techniques that have improved some of the known methods, providing for those alternatives relating to construction and architecture in the arrangement of the channels. We proved that the probability associated with a multiple teleportation of a single qubit through channels in series tends to the maximum limit for a special case. We showed that imperfect states can be corrected and that it is possible to transmit a single qubit or a pair of qubits using GHZ states and modification of Bell basis states. We discussed the relationship between the final success probability value and the bases and channels degree of entanglement for each method. We concluded the thesis with a general analysis of all protocols, highlighting the most efficient ones with arguments that include theoretical and practical viewpoints.
Distribuição COM-Poisson na análise de dados de experimentos de quimioprevenção do câncer em animais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-16)
Ribeiro, Angélica Maria Tortola
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Rodrigues, Josemar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4359114733394761
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6995280108075310
Experiments involving chemical induction of carcinogens in animals are common in the biological area. Interest in these experiments is, in general, evaluating the chemopreventive effect of a substance in the destruction of damaged cells. In this type of study, two variables of interest are the number of induced tumors and their development times. We explored the use of statistical model proposed by Kokoska (1987) for the analysis of experimental data of chemoprevention of cancer in animals. We flexibility the Kokoska s model, subsequently used by Freedman (1993), whereas for the variable number of tumors induced Conway-Maxwell Poisson (COM-Poisson) distribution. This distribution has demonstrated efficiency due to its great flexibility, when compared to other discrete distributions to accommodate problems related to sub-dispersion and super-dispersion often found in count data. The purpose of this paper is to adapt the theory of long-term destructive model (Rodrigues et al., 2011) for experiments chemoprevention of cancer in animals, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Unlike the proposed Rodrigues et al. (2011), we formulate a model for the variable number of detected malignant tumors per animal, assuming that the probability of detection is no longer constant, but dependent on the time step. This is an extremely important approach to cancer chemoprevention experiments, because it makes the analysis more realistic and accurate. We conducted a simulation study, in order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model and to verify the asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood estimators. We also analyze a real data set presented in the article by Freedman (1993), to demonstrate the efficiency of the COM-Poisson model compared to results obtained by him with the Poisson and Negative Binomial distributions.
Matrizes de reflexão com simetria 𝒰𝑞 [osp(2|2𝑚)(2)]
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-16)
Vieira, Ricardo Soares
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Santos, Antonio Lima
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8463237728503334
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8265512739743253
In this thesis we present solutions of the graded boundary YANG-BAXTER equations for vertex models with 𝒰𝑞 [osp(2|2𝑚)(2)] symmethy.
Combinação de classificadores para inferência dos rejeitados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-16)
Rocha, Ricardo Ferreira da
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0676420269735630
In credit scoring problems, the interest is to associate to an element who request some kind of credit, a probability of default. However, traditional models uses samples biased because the data obtained from the tenderers has only clients who won a approval of a request for previous credit. In order to reduce the bias sample of these models, we use strategies to extract information about individuals rejected to be able to infer a response, good or bad payer. This is what we call the reject inference. With the use of these strategies, we also use the bagging technique (bootstrap aggregating), which consist in generate models based in some bootstrap samples of the training data in order to get a new predictor, when these models is combined. In this work we will discuss about some of the combination methods in the literature, especially the method of combination by logistic regression, although little used but with interesting results.We'll also discuss some strategies relating to reject inference. Analyses are given through a simulation study, in data sets generated and real data sets of public domain.
Recobrimentos ramificados entre superfícies e dessins d'enfants
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-19)
Panzarin, Karen Regina
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Vendrúscolo, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3082816481278839
Given closed connected surfaces X and Y, integers n > 0 and d > 2, and for i = 1,..., n partitions (dy)j=i,...,mi of d. The 5-tuple (X, Y, n, d, (dij)) is called the branch datum of a candidate branched covering. Many works discuss when a given branch datum can be realized by a branched covering / : X > Y of degree d, with n branching points and local degree in the pre-images of branching points given by dij. Hurwitz has established an algebraic equivalence to this geometric problem, this equivalence has been used to treat the subject. In this dissertation we define dessin d'enfant, a graph on the surface X, related to a branched covering and use this tool to obtain conditions for a given branch datum be exceptional (i.e. can not be realized). We also define an alternative and more explicit version for the definition of dessin d'enfant.
Contribuições de um programa a distância sobre educação inclusiva para o desenvolvimento profissional do professor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-19)
Silva, Ione Arsenio da
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Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1521816017700513
This study deals with a research proposal and intervention that aimed to: develop, implement and evaluate a distance teacher training program on Inclusive Education. To that, it started with the following research question: What are the limits and possibilities of a distance continuing training program in education by the Internet to teachers of the early years of elementary school? The basis of the investigation was continuing education program for teachers entitled "Diversity in school: reflecting on pedagogical practices in inclusive classrooms ", developed through Portal dos Professores - UFSCar MOODLE platform. The whole program was online and it was aimed at elementary school teachers who work in early years, live all over the country, and had signed up spontaneously in the Teachers' Portal. Our study is suitable for a methodological form of research that focuses on collaborative research between researchers and teachers, recognizing that teachers get the knowledge from their practices and they know that is very important to link this knowledge with the one produced in academic circles. Our investigation, therefore, contemplates the purposes of collaborative action from a model of research and intervention called constructive - collaborative. Taking the narrative as the main form of data collection, data from this research were obtained from 16 teachers who participated during five months of the training process. After this study, we consider that the use of distance learning (EaD) by Internet is an important and interesting training resource. However, in order to it be actually an efficient way of training, some factors should be seen as the issue of self-government and discipline for studies that are very required when there is the participation in a program of distance education by Internet. These are essential skills for the student to take advantage of the program. So, it s important that programs adopt tools that provide moments of interaction among the participants themselves and between them and the teacher or tutor. The number of students per tutor, or teacher is another aspect to be observed because it affects the quality of the course. If there is a large number of participants, it is difficult to the monitor analyzes and observes the participation and learning of all of them. Observed these aspects, we believe in distance education by internet as an effective means of training, first because it keeps people who live in different places and away from the training place closer to each other and the course can be done at any time they want. Second, the web offers resources that can break a formation based on the simple transmission of content and the idea of passive learning.
Habilidades sociais e de enfrentamento de estresse em cuidadoras que assistem idosas acamadas, com ou sem demência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-19)
Pinto, Francine Náthalie Ferraresi Rodrigues
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Barham, Elizabeth Joan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9926751005913223
According to the authors of a meta-analysis based on 127 studies reporting the effects of interventions conducted with caregivers of an elderly person with dementia, efforts to help these eldercare providers appear to have been largely ineffective in strengthening the caregivers and in reducing their sense of burden. However, improvements in the caregivers abilities to handle their eldercare involvements were not evaluated. As such, the objectives of this study included: (a) identify abilities that may be important for someone who cares for an elderly person who has dementia, focusing on the use of social skills (SS) and coping skills (CS), (b) investigate the relationships among SS and CS, and perceived burden and relationship quality, and (c) identify the caregivers unmet needs. Participants included 20 elder-caregiver dyads (women only); all the elders were bedridden and highly dependent. Their caregivers were in one of two situations: caregivers of bedridden elders with normal cognitive functioning (GL; n = 10), or caregivers of bedridden elders with dementia (GD; n = 10). During individual interviews conducted in their own home, the caregivers responded to a reduced version of the Social Skills Inventory, a reduced version of the Ways of Coping Checklist, the Family Needs Evaluation, the Caregiver Burden Interview, and the Dyadic Relationship Scale. The frequency with which the caregivers used different kinds of SS and CS was compared using Student s t-test for groups of items, and non-parametric tests for individual items. Pearson s bivariate correlation procedure was used to examine the relationships between the frequency with which the caregivers used SS and CS, and their perceptions of burden and of the quality of the relationship between themselves and their elderly relative. In addition, the number of caregivers in each context who expressed needs for assistance was compared using Chisquared analyses. It was observed that the caregivers in the GD and GL were highly similar with respect to the quality of the relationship between the caregiver and the elderly care recipient, but the GD caregivers reported higher levels of burden. With respect to their use of SS and CS, the caregivers in each context presented more similarities than differences, but there were a few differences between the two groups. A greater frequency of use of these skills was associated with lower levels of relationship conflict, and with lower levels of burden. In terms of their needs, a greater proportion of the GD than the GL caregivers indicated that they needed more assistance from others and greater access to community-based services. In sum, based on a comparison between female caregivers assisting bedridden elderly relatives who were either lucid or who had dementia, it was possible to detect certain differences that arise among those who care for an elderly relative with dementia, along with many similarities between these two contexts, which can guide the development and evaluation of new interventions.
A competitividade da produção de biodiesel no Brasil: uma análise comparativa de mamona, dendê e soja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-20)
César, Aldara da Silva
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Batalha, Mario Otávio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7269278746075136
The possibility of broadening raw material sources for biodiesel production benefits the Brazilian competitiveness. However, the present costs of biofuel production worldwide are not competitive enough if compared to mineral energy. Nowadays, to consider only issues related to the economic aspect, in order to justify the operation of a system, is a practice that has been questioned. The changes in the costumer s actions, production s standard and assessment of social and environmental aspects, by means of the society and the market, have led to an expansion of the dimensions of companies performance analysis and its production connected spaces. Therefore, this thesis proposes to analyze the competitiveness and the main governance structures in productive chains present in the biodiesel sector in Brazil, from three raw materials sources: castor, palm oil and soy. The present work reports the outcomes of a multi-case study, employing techniques of exploratory research literature and documents, and interviews with agents associated in the biodiesel sector. Three main governance structures are highlighted in this analysis: partial vertical integration with small farmers (for all raw materials concerned); the possibility of complete vertical integration of palm oil plantations to the mills; and finally, the purchase of soybeans via spot market. This research illustrates that the biodiesel production of castor bean is impracticable in Brazil in the short term, and it seems to be a future possibility of difficult viability. On the other hand, the palm oil seems to be a viable possibility in the medium-term. It could be possible to develop a chain based on palm oil, and consequently, encourage productive inclusion of small farmers in the North of the country. In contrast to the other resources exposed here, the soybeans revealed significant competitive advantages that have made it possible to fulfill - in quantity - not only the national demand, but also the requirements imposed by the legislation of the Social Fuel Seal and the legislation of the biofuel addition to diesel. The findings of the National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB), related to the productive inclusion of small farms, are still insubstantial, and the institutional environment becomes crucial to the inclusion of family farmers in the biodiesel sector.
Transformações na indústria sucroalcooleira brasileira no início do século XXI: das famílias aos acionistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-21)
Mundo Neto, Martin
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Grün, Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8118489647547095
Over the last years, many companies have joined the Brazilian capital market. This movement would be said to have unfolded the institutional changes that occurred in Brazil during the last decade of the twentieth century, especially, the privatization process of a set of large Brazilian State-owned enterprises, the new law of public corporations and the new rules adopted in the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange Market. Concomitantly, the Brazilian sugarcane industry has undergone several transformations. If until the decade of 1990, the hegemony was characterized by national groups under the control of traditional families, the intensification of the mergers and acquisitions operations with a significant participation of international investors has, however, modified this space. The empirical data point out the capital concentration in the industry, notably by means of mergers and acquisitions as well as the business restructuring anchored on the notion of shareholder value and corporate governance. This process could also be understood as part of the financialization process which has been diffused in the Brazilian society. Here, our focus will be highlighted on the participation of the representatives from the risk-capital industry, notably the BNDES Participations, a subsidiary of the National Development Bank (BNDES), which has played a major role in the diffusion of a new control conception for the Brazilian industries in general. Among the main Sugarcane groups considered, a significant increase could be observed on the part of international investors as well as huge national economic groups that were not previously present in the industry.
Especiação redox de crômio em amostras de solos contaminados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-21)
Canevari, Natália Tostes
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7309684456090159
Chromium and its compounds are employed in various industrial processes, and these activities are responsible for the disposal of significant amounts of materials containing this element in the environment. Due to the known toxic feature of Cr(VI) in biological systems, the determination of chromium species has acquired great importance in environmental chemistry. In this study three analytical strategies were combined, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, flame atomic absorption spectrometry and UV-Vis molecular absorption spectrophotometry, in order to identify and determine Cr(III) and (VI) in contaminated soil samples. The samples were collected around the Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station, a Brazilian scientific station in Antarctica. For the pseudototal chromium analysis, acid digestion was employed for sample preparation and determinations were performed using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Na2CO3 0.28 mol L-1 - NaOH 0.5 mol L-1 extractor solution and heating were used for Cr(VI) extraction in the samples, and preliminary identification of this specie was performed using XANES and EXAFS techniques at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory. For Cr(VI) determination, NaOH 0.1 mol L-1 and heating were employed for the extraction of the specie, and determinations were based on the reaction of Cr(VI) with the colorimetric reagent diphenylcarbazide in acid medium, using a flow injection analysis system coupled to a molecular absorption spectrophotometer. The quantification of Cr(III) was carried out by subtraction between the pseudototal chromium concentration and Cr(VI) concentration. Results obtained were compared with those calculated from the determination of Cr(VI) with diphenylcarbazide in batch mode. Chromium (VI) concentrations determined in soil samples using both methods were discordant, and these differences were originated from problems occurred in the developed flow injection analysis system.
O conceito de desenvolvimento segundo Hegel: a progressão da consciência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-21)
Malinski, Tania Alexandra
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Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924
The present thesis defends that Hegel´s dialectic can be understood as a process of development, both from the standpoint of pure reason and from a perspective based on historical and political factors. The dialectic of the concept is a development of the consciousness of being with relation to an object so as to comprehend the universal content of the object. The preservation of what is in opposition in the dialectical synthesis is the nucleus of the idea of development and what gives it a positive, constructive and directional character as philosophical and historical process. From a strictly rational point of view, development is the progression of consciousness. From a historical perspective, development is the progressive manifestation of spirit, or Geist. Both means of development consolidate themselves with the enunciation of the concept, which envelops an internal and subjective determination as well as a normative element. The philosophical law contained in the concept reveals its intrinsic value and its comprehension becomes a constitutive part of being. The determination in terms of rule of law and moral values is the absolute determination towards which is driven the national spirit.
Metátese de fechamento de anéis de derivados da R-(-)- Carvona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-21)
Desiderá, André Luiz
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Brocksom, Timothy John
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7055452150201902
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4748593313421958
In this work was developed a new synthetic route to obtain cicloeptenone not conjugated selectively, through a faster and simpler methodology, and in accordance with good practices of green chemistry. By experimental techniques of nuclear magnetic ressonance (NMR) were assigned the stereochemistry of two diastereoisomeric pairs. Intermediate compounds were synthesized for the synthesis of sesquiterpenes guaianes (a), nor-guaianes (b) and pseudo-guaianes (c). To react the mono-allylated to form bis-alilados products with and without replacement, for further formation of compounds containing ring-type spiro[4.6]undecane. It was also developed a new methodology for formation of tensioned spiro rings (d) derivatives from (R)-carvone, using the reaction of ring closure metathesis. Using this methodology allylation, obtained was a precursor for a new way to reach the system bicyclo [5.3.0] decane (e). In total, 18 compounds were synthesized, of which 7 are unpublished.
Programa de Inclusão Digital (PID) no ensino fundamental em São Carlos (SP): mudanças e permanências com a chegada dos netbooks
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-22)
Lemes, Fernanda Cristina Gaspar
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Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2437732024773137
Recuperação florestal através de semeadura direta: uso da superação de dormência e influência do tamanho de sementes e de gramíneas exóticas no estabelecimento de espécies de árvores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-22)
Pereira, Silvia Rahe
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Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4490071418448583
Determinação sequencial rápida de As e Sb, Bi e Pb por espectrometria de absorção atômica com geração de hidretos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-22)
Batista, Érica Ferreira
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
;
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3830711529545975
In this study it was developed two systems, one for the fast sequencial determination of As and Sb and other for Bi and Pb using flame atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride generation. To optimize the system for the determination of As (193.7 nm) and Sb (217.6 nm) some variables were evaluated: concentration (in mol L-1) of HCl in the sample and carrier, concentrations (in % w v-1) of KI and NaBH4. For the system used in the determination of Bi (223.1 nm) and Pb (217.0 nm) the following variables were studied: concentration (in mol L-1) of HCl in the sample, concentrations (in % w v-1) of K3Fe(CN)6 and NaBH4. For these studies it was employed Doehlert design to select the best work conditions and obtain more information of the proposed methods. Some analytical parameters were obtained, respectively, for As, Sb, Bi and Pb: Limits of detection (LOD) (0.15; 0.16; 0.60 e 0.77 μg L-1), repeatability (RSD) (1.5; 2.0; 5.9; 6.0 %) and correlation coefficients (r) (0.999; 0.999; 0.998 e 0.997). In order to identify species that could interfere in the determination of As and Sb, Bi and Pb, a study was carried out considering the constituents commonly found in natural waters and chicken feed including Al(III), Co(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II). It was also carried out a study to investigate the influence of the concentration of HNO3 in the As and Sb, Bi and Pb determinations. Through studies with possible interferences, can be observed that there were no significant trend for As, Sb and Bi, the percentage of interference was lower than 21% (contrasts from -4 to 5% for both analytes). In the case of Pb it was noted a strong signal interference by Co (II), Cu (II), Fe (III) and Ni (II) with contrasts varying from -62 % to 29%. The effect of HNO3 concentration was not relevant if it is lower than 10 % v v-1 for As, Sb and 20 % v v-1 for Bi. However, it was noted a strong Pb signal suppression for HNO3 concentrations higher than 0.25 % v v-1. The systems developed were applied in the determination of As and Sb, Bi and Pd in Tietê river water, sea water of Praia Grande Ubatuba, chicken feed and to validate the methods were used two certificate reference materials: Nist 1643e (Trace elements in water) e TMDW-HPS (Trace metals in drinking water).
Degradação eletroquímica de compostos fenólicos usando eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-22)
Souza, Renata Beraldo Alencar de
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Ruotolo, Luís Augusto Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8409898535548523
The presence of organic compounds in industrial effluents is a serious environmental issue as well as for the human health, since most of those compounds are extremely toxic. The treatment of those effluents is done many times using biological processes; however some classes of compounds, among the phenolic ones, are resistant to this kind of treatment and require the use of technologies known as Advanced Oxidation Processes, that are based on the chemical or photochemical generation of oxidant radicals. The electrochemical technology emerged as an environmentally compatible alternative with advantages such as the elimination of transport and storage of dangerous chemical products, decrease of workforce and easiness to control the process. On this dissertation were systematically studied the variables of process and project of an electrochemical system using a boron-doped diamond anode for the oxidation of phenolic compounds aiming at current efficiency increase and, therefore, the decrease of energy consumption in the process. In a first phase it was studied the oxidation of the phenol using a reactor either with and without membrane, on the presence or absence of chloride. After that it was studied the influence of the kind of supporting electrolyte and its concentration on the process of oxidation of phenol, the interaction of the process and project variables analyzed, the effect of the flow rate, current density and concentration of chloride on the degradation of phenol and finally, the electrochemical degradation of a real effluent coming from a petroleum refinery. The results show that the use of a membrane had no significant influence on the kinetics of oxidation when compared with the reactor without membrane, mainly when the chloride ions were present on the solution, and that with the use of the membrane the highest cell potentials were achieved. In face of this, it was opted by the utilization of a reactor with one compartment. Overall, it was observed that the utilization of different supporting electrolytes did not interfere on a significant way on the process; however when supporting electrolytes of sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate or calcium carbonate were used there was an improvement of the process in terms of current efficiency and energy consumption. Still, generally, the presence of chloride ions leads to an increase on the kinetics of removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) e total phenolic compounds (TPC). With respect to the interaction of process and project variables, it was verified that for both currents used, in most cases, the kinetics of degradation is weakly influenced by the distance between the electrodes. The increase on the current density leads to a faster speed on the degradation process, however there is a potential cell increase. The increase on flow rate provides, besides a faster kinetics, an improvement on current efficiency, due to enhancement of mass transport. As for the degradation of the real effluent, it was found that the use of lower current densities is essential to accomplish lower cell potentials to enable the utilization of the electrooxidation process in terms of global energetic consumption.
Falas Waikhana: conhecimento e transformações no alto rio Negro (rio Papuri)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-23)
Silva, Aline Scolfaro Caetano da
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Andrello, Geraldo Luciano
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5447074379881029
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9307937859005364
Result of an ethnographic research among the Waikhana (Pira-Tapuia), a Tukanoan group that lives around the Uaupes basin, Amazonian Northwest, this dissertation focuses on hierarchy and circulation of knowledge in Uaupes contemporary context. This context is characterized by what has been called by the indigenous groups as culture recovery and revitalization movement . Involved in this local dynamics, the Waikhana attempt to recover by one side some ritual practices and traditional techniques of environment handling and by the other side the written record of certain oral knowledge in former times updated and transacted in ritual occasions. Trying to understand the way the indigenous are experiencing those processes and emphasizing their developments in the sphere of their own sociopolitical relations, this text approaches some classical themes on regional literature concerning social organization and cosmology. Some interpretations and redirections made by the indigenous themselves, concerning the problematic of hierarchy and circulation of knowledge will be presented. And will show that these interpretations and redirections bring some relations and positions of a Waikhana (cosmos) politics up to date.
Zoneamento geoambiental da bacia do rio Fartura: abrangendo os municípios de São José do Rio Pardo-SP, São Sebastião da Grama-SP, Vargem Grande do Sul-SP e Águas da Prata-SP, na escala 1:50.000
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-23)
Faleiros, Cássia de ávila Ribeiro Junqueira
;
Lorandi, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2509932249426122
Grounded on geo-environmental zoning, this study seeks to contribute to the discussion about environmental management in light of sustainable development, thus bringing together economic development and environmental constraints. The 227km2 study area the Fartura river basin comprises the municipalities of Sao Jose Do Rio Pardo, Sebastiao da Grama, Vargem Grande do Sul, and Aguas da Prata, in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The purpose of this study is to propose ways to organize activities as the populations of these municipalities increase, thereby promoting sustainable occupation of the physical environment in accordance with existing urban planning guidelines and legislation. To this end, geo-environmental zoning of this river basin was conducted by means of remote sensing and geo-processing (GIS) technologies. From cartographic documentation and field/lab work results, an environmental diagnosis was produced, including information relevant to environmental planning of the watershed in question. During prognosis, several occupation scenarios for the Fartura river basin were worked out for the 1987, 2000, and 2010 periods. They shed light on the urban expansion dynamics, land use/economic activities, and native vegetation conservation patterns of these municipalities. This prognosis ultimately indicated emerging occupation trends for this river basin and brought about guidelines for land-use planning. Moreover, it was possible to verify that its bedrock is quite homogeneous, 70% of which pertaining to the Varginha Complex. With regard to its soil texture, it was found that 47% of the Fartura river basin soil is sandy and that 86% of the soil composition of the total watershed area is over 50% sand. As to its declivity, it was shown that although 14% of the water basin area displays declivities higher than 30%, most of which falls within the 5%-20% declivity range. This factor, along with its soil texture, suggests a high likelihood of erosion processes happening in this water basin. In addition, inappropriate land use in APPs (Permanent Conservation Areas) can lead to erosion and silting in sections of the watershed area where sandy soil prevails and to flooding where more clayey soils occur. It was also attested that 35% of the area has induced occupation and 24% restricted occupation. The remaining sections should be occupied in a controlled manner under specific conditions and their use should combine farming with cattle-raising, with a view to both land rotation and soil fertility. Level sections of the Fartura river basin area may profit from mechanized farming, to which soil management/conservation techniques must be applied. As to urban occupation, the area under study showed a gradual increase (1.19%).