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Desenvolvimento e reúso de frameworks com base nas características do domínio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-08) Viana, Matheus Carvalho; Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0839323666578855
Frameworks are software artifacts that implement the basic functionality of a domain. Its reuse can improve the efficiency of development process and the quality of application code. However, frameworks are difficult to develop and reuse, since they require a complex structure to implement domain variability and be adaptable enough to be reused by different applications. Due to these difficulties, this research presents two approaches: 1) the From Features to Frameworks (F3) approach, in which the developer models the features of a domain and a pattern language helps in implementing a framework based on this model; and 2) the approach that uses a Domain-Specific Language (DSL) built from the identification and analysis of the domain features of a framework to facilitate the reuse of this framework. A tool, called From Features to Frameworks Tool (F3T), was also developed to support the use of these two approaches, providing editors for modeling domains and applications and automating the implementation of code of frameworks, DSLs and applications. In addition to facilitate the development and reuse of frameworks, experiments conducted during this project showed that these two approaches make these processes more efficient and allow the construction of frameworks and applications with less difficulty.
Avaliação do papel do receptor 5-HT2c da substância cinzenta periaquedutal sobre a antinocicepção induzida pelo predador (rato) em camundongos submetidos ao modelo de dor neuropática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-08) Furuya-da-Cunha, Elke Mayumi; Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9582420020561046
Neuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain that can causes comorbidities such as generalized anxiety and depression, and, consequently, it produces considerable damage to the quality of life of affected people. Despite it being refractory to most conventional pharmacological treatments, studies evidence that serotonergic drugs, like antidepressants, are effective in treatment of this type of pain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter with an important role in the modulation of nociceptive stimuli as well as the behaviors related to fear and anxiety. There is evidence that aversive situations, such as predator exposure may cause antinociception as a defensive reaction. Thus, several studies have demonstrated that fear or anxiety stimulus can cause antinociception and the serotonin (5-HT) produces this antinociceptive effect in structures of the central nervous system, such as the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). In this sense, studies from our group demonstrate that activation of 5-HT2C receptors in PAG is involved in anxiolytic effects and in fear and anxiety-induced antinociception in mice exposed to the elevated plus maze. However, it is unknown what the role of PAG serotonergic receptors in the modulation of antinociception induced by exposure to predator (rat). Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of activation of 5-HT2C receptors of PAG on the antinociception and defensive behaviors in mice submitted to sciatic nerve constriction. For this, Swiss-albino male mice were submitted to sciatic nerve constriction on the first day of the experiment and, seven days later, they received implantation of guide cannula in the PAG. Four days after stereotactic surgery, mice received intra-PAG injection of vehicle or mK212 and were exposed to the predator. The test consisted of two phases: a) habituation to the apparatus for 10 minutes for 3 consecutive days, which started the next day after stereotactic surgery; b) exposure to predators or neutral stimulus for 10 minutes. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of three factors (condition x stimulation x treatment) showed that chronic constrition injured (CCI) mice exhibited increased of scratching behavior, that is indicative of chronic pain. The exposure of these animals to the predator (rat) produced antinociception in CCI mice and increased behaviors related to fear and anxiety such as time spent in protected area and total number of stretched attend posture (SAP) and decreased time of contact with the grid, when compared to mice exposed to neutral stimulus (toy rat). Treatment with mK212 intra-PAG (0.21 and 0.63 nmol) produced no significant change in antinociception and fear and anxiety assessed during exposure to rat. However, the mK212 0.21nmol dose treatment increased scratching behavior, indicating hyperalgesia in CCI mice exposed to toy rat. Thus, we suggest that 5-HT2C receptors of PAG appear to modulate differently this type of antinociception and fear and anxiety in mice. However, further studies should be conducted using more selective subtypes of serotonergic receptors and perhaps other models of nociception to enlarge and clarify the role of 5-HT2C receptors in the processes that modulate antinociception induced by aversive stimuli.