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Adaptação de um modelo simplificado para verificação da influência da geometria urbana na formação de ilha de calor noturna
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-19)
Nakata Osaki, Camila Mayumi
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Rodrigues, Daniel Souto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7362766032099097
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Souza, Lea Cristina Lucas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0083847008256434
Nocturnal heat island formation is a prominent phenomenon in research of urban planning and thermal comfort. This phenomenon is the result of the influence of urbanization characteristics, which alter the energy balance of the cities, and is characterized by an increase in air temperature, from the periphery to the center of cities. The heat island has as a major cause, the urban geometry. In this context, the model proposed by Oke, in 1981, became a reference in the area because of its importance in analytical studies of relation between urban geometry and the formation of heat islands. This research aims to determine the role of urban geometry in the formation of nocturnal heat islands, from the adaptation of a simplified model for a computational simulation tool GIS (Geographic Information System). The methodological procedures have steps: study of theoretical and numerical base, developing a calculation algorithm and its incorporation into the GIS platform, data monitoring for calibration (validation) and simulation. The measured data for the tool validation demonstrated an increasing trend of heat island with increasing H/W ratio (height/width) canyon, but there are different behavior for different ranges of roughness length (Z0). The developed tool, THIS (Tool for Heat Island Simulation), was used in simulation of different scenarios, which showed that urban canyons of greater roughness result in heat island values twice lower compared to the canyons of lower roughness, for the same H/W ratio. The development of THIS tool expands the possibilities of simulations to forecast heat islands to different climatic conditions and suggests further discussion on the influence of different urban geometry settings in the formation of heat island.
Otimização da biotransformação de metoprolol por fungos e desenvolvimento de métodos cromatográficos para análise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-22)
Schiavon, Daniela Elisabeth Hercules
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Carneiro, Renato Lajarim
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1398038553076936
The researches in biotransformation and biocatalysis are found widespread in several activities in Chemistry and Biotechnology. The use of microorganisms in biocatalysis and biotransformation process to recycle expired or unused medicines have been the aim of this investigation. Therefore, the fungi Penicillium sp, P. griseoroseum, Aspergilus aculeatus, A. flavus and A. niger have been used to carry out the biotransformation of the drugs Simvastatin, Sodium Mycophenolate, Carbamazepine, Propranolol Hydrochloride and Metoprolol Succinate. Chemometric methods have been applied in this investigation in order to optimize the fermentation processes, extraction procedures and the chromatography parameters. In order to evaluate the fermentation processes, a 24 factorial planning has been applied, whereas for the extraction procedures, an experimental planning for a ternary mixture has been applied. Lastly, an analytical method by HPLC-DAD was optimized in order to quantify a metabolite. A central composite design was carried out in order to do that. The results achieved from the fermentation showed that the variables used in the positive level contributed to the increased production of the substance of interest. According to the central composite design performed to the chromatography parameters, in which the resolution response and retention time were evaluated, the best conditions found were the column rate temperature at 45 °C, 0.1% formic acid, the beginning of phase B at 15% and the flow rate at 0.70 mL/min. Evaluating the economic aspects, it can be concluded that the application of Chemometrics to optimize the stages of fermentation and analytical approach produced an increase of 38.73% in the production of the metabolite of interest, from 171.12 mg/L to 237.4 mg/L, and a 7.5% reduction in the total costs involved. Thus, this work demonstrates that Chemometrics allied with drug biotransformation, such as Metoprolol Succinate via fungi of the genus Penicillium sp., can be used to recover and recycle expired or unused drugs.
Modelo de fusão dirigido por humanos e ciente de qualidade de informação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-26)
Botega, Leonardo Castro
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Araujo, Regina Borges de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6027755717265622
Situational Awareness (SAW) is a cognitive process widely spread in areas that require critical decision-making and refers to the level of consciousness that an individual or team has about a situation. In the emergency management domain, the situational information inferred by decision support systems affects the SAW of human operators, which is also influenced by the dynamicity and critical nature of the events. Failures in SAW, typically caused by high levels of stress, information overload and the inherent need to perform multiple tasks, can induce human operators to errors in decision-making, resulting in risks to life, assets or to the environment. Data fusion processes present opportunities to improve human operators’ SAW and enrich their knowledge on situations. However, problems related to the quality of information can lead to uncertainties, especially when human operators are also sources of information, requiring the restructuring of the fusion process. The state of the art of data and information fusion models presents approaches with limited participation of human operators, typically reactive, besides solutions that are restricted in mechanisms to manage the quality of information throughout the fusion process. Thus, the present work presents a new information fusion model, called Quantify (Quality-aware Human-driven Information Fusion Model), whose major differentials are the greater involvement of human operators and the use of the information quality management throughout the fusion process. In order to support the Quantify model, an innovative methodology was developed for the assessment and representation of data and information quality, called IQESA (Information Quality Assessment Methodology in the Context of Emergency Situation Awareness) specialized in the context of emergency situational awareness and which also involves the human operator. In order to validate the model and the methodology, a service-oriented architecture and two emergency situation assessment systems were developed, one guided by the Quantify model and another driven by the state-of-the-art model (User-Fusion). In a case study, robbery events reported to the emergency response service of the S˜ao Paulo State Military Police (Pol´ıcia Militar do Estado de S˜ao Paulo - PMESP) were submitted to the systems and then evaluated by the PMESP operators, revealing higher rates of SAW by the application of the Quantify model. These positive results confirm the need of this new model and methodology, besides revealing an opportunity to enrich the current emergency response system used by PMESP.
Desenvolvimento e aplicação de análise de especiação química de selênio em amostras agropecuárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-28)
Oliveira, Aline Fernandes de
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8667572150256408
Selenium is essential in animal nutrition; it ensures proper functioning of musculoskeletal, reproductive, and immune system. The intake requirement range for Se is narrow and low levels of Se are required. In order to supply the demand, the animal feed supplementation has grown, considering the knowing of Se deficiency in soils from different countries. This supplementation is made with the use of organoselenium, because of its low toxicity and high bioavailability to the animal. This study targets organoselenium speciation (of Se-methionine and its product of oxidation, Se-O-methionine, and Se-cystine) in animal feed samples and beef using HPLC coupled to ICP-MS/MS. Inorganic species, selenate (Se(VI)) and selenite (Se(IV)), which could be toxic even at low levels, were also determined. The instrumental parameters were optimized and the use of hydrogen as reaction gas to remove the m/z= 80 (Se most abundant isotope) interferences was evaluated, and it demonstrated analytical capacity by using Se standard solutions in presence of interfering elements and CRMs (bovine liver and fish liver) digests indicated a calculated accuracy of 89 and 97 %, respectively. The Se chemical speciation method was applied in samples provided from an experiment with 48 animals (divided into four groups) were fed with Se enriched feed for 82 days. The groups are: (1) cattle feed (control); (2) cattle feed + antioxidants (organoselenium + vitamin E); (3) cattle feed + canola oil and (4) cattle feed + antioxidants (canola oil + organoselenium + vitamin E). A sample preparation method development for complex matrices like animal feed and beef was optimized with an enzyme coquetail. A good separation was obtained and Se species could be easily identified. The method is robust and his been applied for different types of samples with recoveries > 65%. The results infer that a majority of Se in both feed and beef present as Se-methionine. The same method was used to evaluate commercialized feed of swine, poultry and bovine in order to evaluate if the concentrations and species are in agreement with labels. In general the samples attend to legislation according to the evaluated parameters.
Tecnologias de informação e comunicação para analisar a responsividade emocional em organizações hierárquicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-28)
Silva, Rener Baffa da
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Anacleto, Junia Coutinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3936850286110811
Currently the area of HCI is experiencing the years of its third paradigm or third wave where the cultural issues and specially the human expressions such as emotions are very important. It is part of the human nature the need to express emotions, which play an important role in the development of intelligence, perception, learning and specially in communication. Given that people organize themselves in group in different situations, mainly for work purposes, the importance of communication is clear within these organizations that are mostly hierarchically organized. The communication that occurs without expression of emotions and understanding and response of the emotions expressed by other take the risk of loose sense. Thus, it is clear that emotions and emotional responsiveness are present in the communication and socialization among people. However, little is known about the "emotional world" of hierarchical organizations. This work explores the use of ICTs tools in the context of the communication in hierarchical organizations to look for emotional responsiveness and behavioral tendencies of their members. For this end, a prototype named EmotiFeed was developed and installed in a hierarchically organized mental care hospital, following the in-the-wild approach. The EmotiFeed encourages the Bottom-Up communication and allows the hospital directors to publish public notes to their employees that can express themselves emotionally about them. It was found evidences that the emotional responsiveness is promoted by the use of ICTs from both perspectives of high-level and low-level members. It was found that the high-level members are sensitive to the emotional feedback provided by the low-level members, checking and evaluating the impact of his/her publication and adjusting the content of the public notes, tending to publish public notes with emotional content above neutral and around positive. It was also found that the low- level members have sensitivity to the repost of the high-level members, reflecting on the previous and the current public note and can be expressed in order to be better understood.
Uma classe de modelos de regressão bivariados para respostas discreta e contínua
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-28)
Oliveira, Willian Luís de
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4423792653643417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4423792653643417
In this thesis, a wide general class of models for mixed responses is proposed in which joint distributions are constructed by the conditional approach (probability density functions, (pdf), as the product of a marginal pdf and a conditional pdf). It is assumed that the distribution of the discrete response and the conditional distribution of the continuous response given the discrete variable belong to one- or two-parameter exponential family of distributions. Furthermore, the marginal means are related to the covariates by link functions using linear and/or nonlinear and/or non-parametric predictors and a dependency structure between the responses is introduced into the model via the conditional mean. Estimation methods, diagnostic analysis and in uence techniques are presented as well as a simulation study considering the Bernoulli-exponential and Poisson-normal semiparametric models, two particular cases of the proposed class. Finally, one of the proposed models is used in a real data set involving the total cost of care for each patient during hospitalization, the use or not of the intensive treatment units and the age of the patient.
Análise comparativa de técnicas avançadas de agrupamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-29)
Piantoni, Jane
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Faceli, Katti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4451540730749377
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3736369839509405
The goal of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the new data clustering approaches, carrying out a comparative study of clustering techniques that combine or select multiple solutions, analyzing these latest techniques in relation to variety and completeness of knowledge that can be extracted with your application. Studies have been conducted related to the influence of partitions based on traditional ensembles and multi-objective ensemble. The performance of the methods was evaluated by applying them to different sets of base partitions, in order to evaluate them with respect to their ability to identify quality partitions from different initial scenarios. The other study, was conducted to evaluate the ability of the techniques in relation to recover the information available in the data. And for this, investigations were carried out in two contexts: partitions, which is the traditional form of analysis and clusters to internally verify that the recovered partitions contains more relevant information than the partition analysis shows. And to undertake such analyzes were observed the quality of partitions and clusters, the percentage of actual information (partitions and clusters) really recovered, in both contexts, and the volume of irrelevant information that each technique produces. Among the analyzes are the search for novel partitions and more robust than the sets of base partitions assembly used in the experiments, analysis of the influence of the partitions based on ensembles, the capacity analysis techniques in obtaining multiple partitions, and the analysis of the clusters extracted.
TVFP : um algoritmo de entrega de mensagens para redes DTN baseado em grafos variantes no tempo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-29)
Alvarez, Álvaro Shiokawa
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Marcondes, César Augusto Cavalheiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4431183539132719
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7947331665377253
The perspective of an accelerated growth of the Internet of Things, has been increasing the concern on how to make the infrastructure of networks more robust and energetically efficient. In this sense, opportunistic and dynamic networks, such as delay and disruption tolerant networks (DTN) and vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET), need to be compatible with extremely efficient message routing algorithms. Examples of routing algorithms for opportunistic networks include the Epidemic and the Spray-and-Wait, which have high message transmission cost. With the objective of obtaining a more efficient communication, this work presents a new message routing approach based on dynamic graphs, known as Time-Varying Graphs (TVG). In the literature, there are algorithms which calculate optimal paths within a TVG, for example, the path which allows the minimum travel time for a message. This work proposes a distributed routing algorithm, named Time-Varying Shortest Path (TVFP), which calculates the optimal path in a TVG that allows message delivery within the shortest possible time. The algorithm was implemented in the ONE simulator and experiments were conducted in order to comparatively evaluate its performance against other DTN algorithms. The results show that TVFP has better performance than the other algorithms, delivering messages in shorter times and causing a smaller overhead due to generation of redundant and intermediate messages.
Caminhos da rede : a experiência de uma regional do SUS na organização da Rede De Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) a quem faz uso de drogas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-29)
Cuel, Brena Talita
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Malfitano, Ana Paula Serrata
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1462870858750395
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6405771793999057
The current debate about the "drug problem" in society has been the subject of major political and social actions. Recently, both the Ministry of Health and the Government of the State of São Paulo have provided urgently measures to combat this problem. The Psychosocial Care Network (PSCN) has been deploying as a guideline of these actions, in order to propose a redevelop of the health care services for people with mental disorders and other, who are addicted to alcohol and other drugs, seeking an articulation among territorial services to provide an adequately response to the demands for each region. In this context, it is proposed to know how the implementation of the PSCN in a determined Regional Health of the State of São Paulo has occurred, specifically on the care of the drug users, from the view of the mental health service technician. The methodology of the field in the Social Occupational Therapy is grounded on the discussion of the social role of the technician with special attention to the health technician. The regional in discussion has 26 cities and 29 specialized care services in mental health. 135 questionnaires were applied to the service technicians, an interview was conducted with the regional manager of mental health, eight questionnaires were applied to the municipal managers of mental health and a conversation was held with the technical team of a specialized service, CAPS-ad (Center of Psychosocial Care – Alcohols and Drugs), which is from a city that take part in this Regional. This study has showed that the process of the PSCN implementation is vertical and hierarchical, which hampers an effective articulated network among the technicians, even as the discussion about the intersectoriality and networking. The mental health area displays a restricted speech to its services, acting in a sectored way, away from the concept of networking and intersectionality. As a result, this study also brings the role ambiguous that the technician has, sometimes reproducing a technical and with it keeping the social order; sometimes illustrating the central role in the care of that population. Thus it has reflected ways and possibilities to think of mode of management and technical team, through the improvement of the social networks and the care of the person, individual and collective.
Produção e avaliação de materiais de referência para nutrientes e contaminantes inorgânicos em amostras agronômicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-29)
Silva, Caroline Santos da
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0470808365895324
The intensive search for the reliability of results increases the role of reference materials, mainly in analytical chemistry, because they provide metrological references to ensure traceability of measurements and are still central to the validation of analytical methods. The increasing demand for new reference materials is gradual in all areas of knowledge, but the agricultural and food sectors are among the neediest. In Brazil, this requirement is met only by the import of the material at high costs, being frequently the lack of adequate material to the needs of the country. In this context, this work aimed at the production of reference material for inorganic nutrients and contaminants present in a phosphate rock, the raw material used to manufacture fertilizers. The material was produced by following the next steps, internationally established by ISO GUIDES 30 to 35: preparation and ackaging material, assessment of uniformity, stability test in short and long periods and in prior characterization that was the assembly of the collaborative trial, with the distribution of the prepared material to laboratories that were willing to collaborate with the project.Sample preparation studies also have been conducted, aimed at speed and reduced use of reagents. The evaluation of the estimated minimum mass, homogeneity, and stability of the material was performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) as determination technique. Phosphorus determination was evaluated by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).Analysis of single-factor variance (ANOVA) was applied to results and the homogeneity and stability of the material presented averages within the 95% confidence interval. The obtained resultsalong the prepare and with collaborative trialallowed the chemical characterization and the determinationof the uncertainties related to each stage of the preparation of the material, and final preparation of the chart control with results of the reference materialwith the expanded uncertainty for each of the analytes under study.Part of the work was developed by the National Research Council Canada (NRCC) in Ottawa in Canada.The applicability of the microwave-induced combustion for sample preparation of previously prepared national reference materials, bovine liver (RM-Agro E3001a) and forage (RM E1001a-Agro) was evaluated for the determination of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the recults coulb be applied in other organic and inorganic materials.
Caracterização de três testes funcionais do membro superior : contribuições da eletromiografia para a terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-29)
Silva, Natália Sanches
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Cruz, Daniel Marinho Cezar da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7350460642976728
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4200346057982620
Introduction: when any part of the Upper Limb (UL) is injured, the demands brought by customers are assessed from different instruments, however studies show that there is no consensus on an ideal instrument for assessing the quantity and quality of the UL function, demonstrating the need to find tools that can provide precise measurements of how the UL perform tasks. Objectives: characterize the Box and Block Test (BBT), the Functional Dexterity Test (FDT) and the Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT) regarding the electromyographic activity of the trapezius upper fibers muscle (TUF), deltoid anterior fibers muscle (DAF) and posterior fibers (DPF), the pectoralis major muscle (PM), the biceps (BB) and triceps brachii (TB), extensor carpi radialis brevis (ERB) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and verify if there are differences in muscle activation during the three tests between genders. Method: non-experimental research, descriptive transversal quantitative approach. Were selected 20 college students of both genders, average age of 24 years and average Body Mass Index (BMI) of 24 kg m-2. Data analysis was made using MiotecSuite 1.0 software and by Friedman, Dunn, Mann-Whitney and Spearman statistical tests. Results: For the three tests, the TUF was the most activated, followed by FDS. DAF, DPF and PM showed a high percentage of neuroactivation in BBT test. ERB showed percentage of activation between intermediate and high in FDT and NHPT tests. Conclusion: FDT and NHPT tests may be more recommended to assess the function of the UL of persons with upper extremity lesions, while the BBT may be indicated for both proximal and distal lesions of UL. Women have a higher muscle activation than men, and this fact can be justified by the muscular genetic difference between them.
Complementaridade entre o lean manufacturing e o quick response manufacturing : estudos de casos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-29)
Gómez Paredes, Fernando José
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Godinho Filho, Moacir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5244252329793782
Operations Management Researchers have largely studied and analyzed Lean Manufacturing (LM), by its capacity of productivity improvement in industry. Even so, this approach has found several difficulties to deal with all production types, especially those that have high-variety and low-volume. Therefore, LM has been integrated with other approaches to maximize its action, like Quick Response Manufacturing (QRM). However, few researchers have studied the integration of LM and QRM. In the aim of solving this gap, this research studies how QRM complements LM in high-variety production, in order to extend improvements with the integration of the two approaches. This research used multiple case study method to determine the behavior of the two approaches inside high-variety production. Two companies were analyzed, where the approaches supplied some improvement proposals to find complimentary elements. Data were collected throughout interviews, document analyzes and observation. As main result, QRM inserts concepts of System Dynamics as a compliment of Lean. Thus, tools as simulation, lead-time treatment, and analysis of utilization are the easiest for incorporation in the opportunities of improvement. A tool proposed based in unification of Value Stream Map (VSM) and Manufacturing Critical-Path Time (MCT) detects waste using the approaches, optimizing them. Future research should focus on using the integration proposed, verifying if compliments are successful in other flow and type production.
Alterações cardiovasculares induzidas pela obesidade : envolvimento do sistema reninaangiotensina no núcleo do trato solitário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-01)
Speretta, Guilherme Fleury Fina
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Bassi, Mirian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6509371711076928
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Colombari, Débora Simões de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684467594359403
In the last decades, obesity has become a worldwide epidemy. Excess of adipose tissue favors the development of associated diseases such as hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea and type II diabetes. Data from the literature have shown that obesity activates the reninangiotensin system (RAS), increases sympathetic nerve activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, including in the central nervous system. However, the pathways and neural mechanisms involved in these responses are not yet fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular and metabolic responses in high-fat diet (HFD) feeding rats. We also study the possible participation of the RAS and the immune system in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in the obesity-induced cardiovascular changes. Finally, we tested if the resistance training (RT) performed at moderate intensity would be able to prevent obesityinduced cardiovascular changes. To achieve these goals, adult Holtzman rats (300-320 g) were fed with HFD (3.82 kcal/g and 26.4% total fat) or standard chow diet (SD; 2.25 kcal/g and 5.4% total fat) for 6 weeks. We observed higher blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin and glucose and decreased insulin sensitivity after 6 weeks of HFD. There was an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), the sympathetic modulation of systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR) and sympathovagal balance of pulse interval (PI), and an impairment in the bradycardic response of the baroreflex in HFD feeding animals. After 6 weeks of HFD, there was an increase in the mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukine-6 (IL-6), an increase in the mRNA expression of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and AT1 receptor, and a decrease in the expression of AT2 and Mas receptors. In agreement with the increased expression of cytokines in the NTS we have demonstrated higher GFAP immunoreactivity (specific marker of astrocytes) and higher number of positive cells for Iba-1 (specific marker for microglia) in the NTS in rats fed with HFD. The blockade of AT1 receptor in the NTS in animals fed with HFD promoted a decrease in MAP, reduced the sympathetic modulation in SBP, reduced the sympathovagal balance of PI and restored the bradycardic response of the baroreflex. The overexpression of the AT2 receptors in the NTS in rats fed with HFD reestablished HR, baroreflex sensitivity and sympathovagal balance of PI, and partially attenuated the increase in sympathetic modulation of SBP. These responses were associated with increased Mas receptor mRNA expression and reduction in the TNF-α mRNA expression in the NTS. However, these effects were not sufficient to restore the MAP in HFD feeding rats with AT2 receptors overexpression in the NTS. Finally, the RT prevented cardiovascular changes induced by HFD, including increases in MAP, sympathetic modulation of SBP, HR, sympathovagal balance of PI, and reduced baroreflex sensitivity. These responses were associated with increased expression of mRNA for components of protective RAS axis (AT2 and Mas receptors and ACE2), and the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 as well as the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL -1β) in the NTS. Together, our data suggest that HFD promotes increases in plasma levels of glucose and leptin, with dysfunction in insulin sensitivity. HFD also promotes increases in blood pressure associated with increased sympathetic modulation in SBP, sympathovagal balance of PI, HR and baroreflex dysfunction. The neuroinflammatory process and an imbalance between the pressor and protective RAS axis in the NTS seem to be involved with the development/maintenance of the cardiovascular alterations induced by HFD. The TF performed at moderate intensity seems to be an important tool in preventing cardiovascular changes induced by HFD.
Lectinas : caracterização quimiotaxinomica de microalgas de água doce
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-02)
Archanjo, Naiara Carolina Pereira
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Bagatini, Inessa Lacativa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3904631503604006
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Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272
Freshwater green microalgae are a group which present great complexity for classical morphological taxonomy. For groups like Selenastraceae family, the morphological characteristics are ambiguous at genus level and do not reflect the phylogenetic relationships. Taxonomic polyphasic approaches have been emerged to assist the classical taxonomy in the classification of such groups. Taking into account the specific relation lectin-carbohydrate and the great diversity in monomer composition of extracellular polysaccharides from microalgae, we aim to understand if some microalgae taxa have specific terminal monosaccharides set, which could be used as chemotaxonomic feature within a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Thus, we performed an optimization of methods so far used in taxonomy, and analyzed the terminal monosaccharides and lectins behavior against ten species from different genera to the following families: Selenastraceae and Scenedesmaceae (Chlorophyceae), Botryococcaceae and Oocystaceae (Trebouphyceae), and Fragilariaceae, Stephanodiscaceae (Bacillariphyceae), all of them in crops. We noticed that is possible, using this technique, to separate strains from the same species isolated different from places. Furthermore, we found some indicator monosaccharides the microalgae of some taxa. In this work we use six types of lectins and eleven anti synthetic lectins to recognize the terminal monosaccharides and lectins.
Técnica de macacos planos na avaliação de estruturas de alvenaria com blocos vazados de concreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-02)
Soriani, Mateus de Oliveira
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Parsekian, Guilherme Aris
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1265464055806437
The present study delas with nondestructive evaluation of modern masonry built with hollow concrete blocks, through the flatjack technique. The technique is already used to evaluate masonry structures with solid bricks and stones and it is considered as efficient to obtain in situ mechanical properties, without any permanent damages. The tests in solid unit masonry using flatjack is included in international standards and recommendations as: ASTM C 1196 e 1197-09 e RILEM MDT.D.4 e MDT.D.5-04. The current standards and the practical applications deal with masonry with brick or stones elements only. Nondestructive evaluation in modern hollow block masonry is demanded and the flatjack can be used in these cases. However, the current available jack can be used only on solid units, due to its geometrical limitations. Therefore, this research proposes to adapt the flatjack technique for nondestructive evaluation in modern masonry built with hollow concrete blocks. The analyzed test is the deformability one, which the modulus of elasticity and an estimative of the compressive strength is wanted. In this research, a new flatjack equipment was developed to allow its application on hollow blocks and it was tested in modern masonry samples. The new equipment was successfully developed and it was used in flatjack tests on hollow concrete block masonry. As main results, masonry properties obtained from the flatjack technique was close to the expected ones, indicating the great potentiality of the technique for hollow blocks also.
Preparo e caracterização morfológica, microestrutural e magnética de eletrodepósitos de NiFe e NiFeCu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-03)
Pereira, Rodrigo
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5330716894475178
This work presents the investigation of the correlation between microstructural, morphological and compositional properties with the magnetic behavior of NiFe and NiFeCu alloys. A 23 factorial design was carried out to correlate the effects of preparation variables on the NiFe and NiFeCu films properties. The studied parameters have been the deposition potential (-1,03 V and -1,10 V), deposition time (15 and 40 minutes) and temperature of bath (25 °C and 45 °C). Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Reitveld refinement showed the formation of the film NiFe and NiFeCu with face-centred cubic (FCC) structure with preferred orientation in the (111) direction and anisotropic cause by strain and crystallite size. The morphological characterization showed the formation of a homogeneous film with a similar grain structure of the sample prepared. The magnetic properties of the alloys were performed magnetic moment measurements as a function of magnetic field, temperature and the angle between the applied magnetic field and the sample surface. The results showed the directions of easy magnetization axis and the contribution of different types of magnetization anisotropic. The magnetic properties, saturation magnetization (MS), remanent magnetization (MR) e Curie temperature (TC), depend on the atomic amount of Ni and Fe present in alloys. Moreover, it was possible to correlate the microstructural modification (crystallite size and strain) with magnetic properties of the alloys.
Contribuições em modelos de regressão com erro de medida multiplicativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-04)
Silva, Eveliny Barroso da
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3911410872456214
In regression models in which a covariate is measured with error, it is common to use structures that correlate the observed covariate with the true non-observed covariate. Such structures are usually additive or multiplicative. In the literature there are several interesting works that deal with regression models having an additive measurement error, many of which are linear models with covariate and measurement error normally distributed. For models having a multiplicative measurement error, one does not find in the literature the same theoretical amount of works as one finds for models in which the measurement error is additive. The same happens in situations where the supositions of normality for the covariates and the measurement errors do not apply. The present work proposes the construction, definition, estimation methods, and diagnostic analysis for the regression models with a multiplicative measurement error in one of the covariates. For these models it is considered that the response variable may belong either to the class of modified power series regression models or to the exponential family. The list of distributions belonging to the family modified power series is rather comprehensive; for this reason this work develops, firstly and in a general way, the models estimation and validation theory, and, as an example, presents the model of negative binomial regression with measurement error. In the case where the response variable belongs to the exponential family, the model of beta regression with multiplicative measurement error is presented. All proposed models were analysed through simulation studies and applied to real data sets.
Estudos de melhorias no processo de hidrólise enzimática de biomassas para produção de etanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-04)
Corrêa, Luciano Jacob
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
In this work it was evaluated, firstly, the performance of four impellers configurations in the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. The configurations evaluated were: (1): Rushton turbine - Rushton turbine; (2): Elephant ear down-pumping and Rushton turbine; (3): Rushton turbine and Elephant ear up-pumping; (4): Elephant ear downpumping and Elephant ear up-pumping. The choice of the best impeller configuration was based in mixing efficiency, characterized by the mixing time. The configurations were also evaluated considering the conversion of cellulose to glucose, power consumption as well as the rheological behavior during hydrolysis. The hydrolysis experiments were carried out in batch stirred tank reactor (3 L) using 10% w/v of solids (pH 4.8; 50°C; 470 rpm), 10 FPU· g-1 biomassa for 96 h. The configuration (4) showed the lowest mixing time and energy efficiency values (ratio of conversion of cellulose to glucose and total energy consumption) of 78.9%·MJ-1. Further, to get a high concentration of glucose associated with low power consumption, it was investigated two operating modes: batch and fed-batch. The strategies evaluated were: E1 [20%]; E2 [10(E)+5+5%]; E3 [5(E)+5+5+5%]; E4 [5(E)+5+5+5%], and E5 5(E)+5(E)+5(E)+5(E)%]. The best energy efficiency was obtained for the E5 strategy in which substrate and enzyme were added simultaneously (0.35 kgglicose·kWh-1). This value was 52% higher than that obtained in the single batch operation (E1). In continuation of the work were carried out enzymatic hydrolysis of exploded and hydrothermal bagasse and cane straw submitted to hydrothermal pretreatment. The experiments were carried out under the conditions: solids loading of 10 (w/v), pH 4.8; 50 ° C; 470 rpm and 10 FPU·g-1 biomass for 96 h. The efficiency obtained in the enzymatic hydrolysis of steam explosion sugarcane bagasse proved to be 41 and 46% higher than the hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane straw and bagasse, respectively. Finally, a scale-up protocol with a scale factor equal to 1000 was proposed. It was analyzed the maintenance of two parameters on larger scale: the constancy of the mixing time (tm) and the constancy of the power consumption per unit volume (P/V). In turn, maintenance P/V parameter constant, the mixing time and the new scale power consumption (3000L) were approximately 4 and 1000 times higher, respectively, than those values obtained in the smaller scale (3L).
Biodiversidade de Selenastraceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae) : características morfológicas e sequenciamento dos marcadores moleculares 18S rDNA, rbcL e ITS como base taxonômica tradicional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-04)
Silva, Thaís Garcia da
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Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5664802098183026
The phylogeny of the family Selenastraceae was investigated by light microscopy, molecular analysis of 18S rDNA, rbcL, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and ITS-2 markers. Several morphological features traditionally used for identification of genera and species were investigated. All Selenastraceae strains studied presented naked pyrenoids within the chloroplast, except for Chlorolobion, which presented starched pyrenoid. Molecular analysis showed that no isolated morphological criteria considered so far is significant for the systematic of Selenastraceae, but a set of characteristics may be appropriate to identify species of genera Ankistrodesmus, Chlorolobion, Kirchneriella, Raphidocelis and Tetranephris. Phylogenetic analyses showed that genera Monoraphidium, Kirchneriella and Selenastrum are polyphyletic and not distinguishable as separate genera. The Selenastrum morphotype revealed three different molecular lineages, leading to the description of two new genera, Curvastrum gen. nov and Messastrum gen. nov. In addition, molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed four lineages assigned to Kirchneriella orphotype, leading to the description of five new species: Genus 1 sp. nov. 1, Genus 2 sp. nov. 1, Genus 2 sp. nov. 2, Raphidocelis sp. nov. and Tetranephris sp. nov.
A fragilidade em residentes de um condomínio exclusivo para idosos do interior de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-05)
Leite, Juliana Cerqueira
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Zazzetta, Marisa Silvana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2350656835896699
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0101239815512714
The frailty in elderly people deserves attention, especially with the increase in life expectancy and the predominance of chronic degenerative diseases during later stages of life. The recent establishments of condominiums exclusive for elderly people that offer to provide care for their special needs can be explained by factors like population ageing and worries regarding the availability of proper housing for elderly people. This study aims to analyze the services and practices offered by a condominium for elderly people and their relation to the frailty and care needs of the residents. This is a transversal, exploratory, descriptive, quantitative and qualitative study that took place in a condominium located in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews, the Fried phenotype of Frailty to evaluate the frailty, Geriatric Depression Scale (short form) to track depressive symptoms, Katz Index and Lawton and Brody Scale for basic and instrumental activities of daily living, Mini-Mental State Examination and Clock Test to investigate the cognitive conditions, Genogram and Ecomap for evaluation of family and social support network were all used to perform this study. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation test and the Manny Whitney and Kruskarl Wallis’s comparing test groups. Content analysis was performed to improve quality. There were 28 participants in the study, with an average age of 73.68 years (± 5.95) – most of them female (64,3%). Regarding frailty, 42.9% are pre-frail, and the variables more related to fragility were physical activity, basic and instrumental activities of daily living and cognition. Although having families, all the elderly people have a debilitated social network. The condominium was designed to provide housing for elderly in both social and economic vulnerability that are still able to live alone, not being structured to meet the needs of elderly people in fragile conditions. The elderly are presenting pre-frailty condition, and they are becoming frail sooner than expected. Physical activity, activities of daily life and cognition represent the major factors related to frailty, compromising the independence of its residents. Therefore, for the condominium, it’s necessary to choose between stay offering assistance services only for independent and healthy elderly residents, or modify its entire organization, objectives and inclusion criteria and start offering services to meet the needs of frail elderly, ensuring a longer permanence of them in their homes.