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Participação dos receptores gabaérgicos, serotoninérgicos e adrenérgicos do núcleo do trato solitário na ingestão de água e sódio induzida por diferentes tipos de desidratação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-20) Tomeo, Rodrigo Anderson; Paula, Patrícia Maria de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0201361251312074; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2675300056814074
The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the primary site of peripheral osmoreceptor and cardiovascular afferences, is suggested to receive important inhibitory signals involved in the control of water and sodium intake. However, it is not known which neurotransmitters are involved in the transmission of this information. Central gabaergic, serotonergic and adrenergic mechanisms are involved in the control of sodium and water intake and immunohistochemical studies have shown that these receptors are present in the NTS. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of muscimol (a GABAA receptor agonist), DOI (a serotonergic 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist), methysergide (a serotonergic 5-HT1/2 receptor antagonist) and moxonidine (α2 adrenergic/imidazoline receptor agonist) injected into the NTS on water and 0.3 M NaCl intake induced by intragastric load of 2 M NaCl (a cellular dehydration protocol), by intracerebroventricular (icv) angiotensin II (ANG II) or by sodium depletion (furosemide + 24 h diet deficient in sodium, a extracellular dehydration protocol). Holtzman rats (290-310 g, n=3-20) had stainless steel cannulas implanted bilaterally into the NTS and into the lateral ventricle (LV). Bilateral injection of muscimol (0.25 and 0.5 nmol/100 nl), and DOI (2.5 μg/100 nl) reduced water intake induced by intragastric load of 2 M NaCl (2 ml/rat) and water intake induced by icv ANG II (50 ng/100nl) without changing 0.3 M NaCl intake. Bilateral injection of DOI reduced water intake induced by icv ANG II. However, DOI produced no changes in the 0.3 M NaCl and water intake induced by sodium depletion. Injections of methysergide (2 μg/100 nl) produced no changes in the water and 0.3 M NaCl intake induced by intragastric load of 2 M NaCl, icv ANG II or sodium depletion. The pre-treatment with methysergide blocked the effect of DOI on water intake induced by intragastric load of 2 M NaCl. Besides that, bilateral injections of moxonidine (0.5 and 5 nmol/100 nl) produced no changes on water intake induced by intragastric load of 2 M NaCl. The results suggest that gabaergic, serotonergic, but not adrenergic, receptors in the NTS are part of a mechanism involved in the inhibitory control of water intake induced by cellular dehydration. Our results also suggest that serotonergic receptors into the NTS participate in the control of water intake induced by icv injection of ANG II.
Discursos midiáticos e preconceito linguístico em disputa pelo dizer e silenciar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-20) Viveiros, Danielle Christiane da Silva; Riscal, Sandra Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328618752218708; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8476572172406508
Taking into consideration that speaking differently does not mean speaking “wrongly”, and that, many times, the linguistic heterogeneity is not acknowledge by the school and/or Portuguese language teachers, this work aims at contributing to the development of studies linked to the linguistic variables. The most common practices have been the prejudice and the intolerance in relation to the popular speaking forms, which are stigmatized and excluded as wrong forms. Although, in the last decade, the educational legislation has been making the guidelines that exclude the popular discourse form less rigid, we can see resistance to this idea, which is not only reinforced, but also embraced by the general press and by the means of communication. This work discusses the needs for adopting a political posturs in relation to this subject, which acknowledges that the point cannot be simplified to the adoption of a correct and true speaking form, whose arguments, in fact are in service of the maintenance of an authoritarian order, based on privileges and that excludes all those who do not practice the standardized form of the Portuguese language. Thus, the proposed aim for this work, as a result of bibliographical and documented research, is a linguistic reflection concerning the relation between: discourse, identity and alterity, as well as an analysis of the mediatic speeches produced since 2001 up to current times referring to the thematic, seeing these speeches as power and knowledge devices. The linguistic stigmatization remains as an impregnable beacon of inequality and finds support among the professors and students of Language, Linguistic and Pedagogy who intend to stablish a sort of monopoly over the national linguistic forms and manifestations. On the other hand, many researchers in the linguistic field have dedicated their research to the valorization of the popular speaking forms. Through a bibliographical study, the theoretical conceptions of the research are presented inside the functionalist and sociolinguistic perspective, basically aiming the communicative competence, a theory shown in: Bakhtin (1979 and 1992), Labov (2008), Neves (1990, 1997, 2003, 2006 and 2010), Bagno (2003, 2009, 2010 and 2011), Leite (2005 and 2008), Possenti (2005 and 2012), Gnerre (2009); Bortoni-Ricardo (2004 and 2005) among others; in addition to the scholars linked to the Human Sciences who deals with the study of the discourse as language is a social behavior and manifestation of the fight for power– Foucault (1995, 1996, 1999 and 2009), of Philosophy and Bourdieu (1975, 1989, 1998, 2001 e 2008), of Sociology and Habermas (1987). This way, the analysis focus in the real usages of the language and pursues the explanation of these processes activated in various textual genres (journalistic, political debates, cartoons, charges, paintings and pictures) to exemplify the analysis and the theoretical apparatus as well. Concerning the teaching of the Portuguese language, speeches and documents related to the new forms to teach grammar are not enough if these are not incorporated to the pedagogical practice. The grammar teaching should be brought close to the reality of the usage and dynamism of the Portuguese language; however, we cannot forget that the norms in the grammar compendium have a space, which, necessarily, should be respected and taught. Furthermore, when we praise the standard practice of the language and raise the view of “right” and “wrong”, without considering the other forms of the language, the mediatic speeches help to spread the linguistic prejudice. The prejudiced metadiscourse also report other prejudices of social, racial, political, religious order among others and the teachers and school administrators need to know how to acknowledge them within the school scope in order to, on one side, act in a critical and conscious way in the face of the occurrences of these phenomena and to, on the other side, help to avoid its manifestation. Such attitude is part of the whole development of citizenship, because it is also an indicative of respecting the differences of the other.
Entre experiências e diferenças nas mídias digitais : modos de uso e desejos-hashtag na #seráqueéracismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-20) Baboni, Renata; Sanchez, Fábio José Bechara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6423443695464907; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5510971486260967
The research inquired into the relation among ways of using and the identification processes involving #seráqueéracismo on Twitter. Therefore, it unveiled how the differences were articulated in the discourses about racialized experiences by means of analyzing published content and semi-structured interviews with the influencers, widely shared narratives producers. Analytical axes such as experiences and diferences were used, in the relation between gender, sexuality, race and social class, through Queer Studies. In these negotiations about differences, the hashtag, communication mode about itself, was very characterized by narratives about emotions. These ways of using it, on one hand, are configured by a certain contestatory practice of a racist current norm's perception in some narratives and, on the other hand, enabled an aperture of a discussion about the existence or not of racism in other narratives. In this game of experiences ambivalences, sometimes were reproduced and sometimes were contested normalizations about differences, by means of position delimitations and stereotyping individuals. It was also very frequent the description of racism in the other, directly linked to the social acknowledge desire that rules those ways of using (so many times denied to the nonwhite, conferring on them the victimization and accountability on the existence of racism).
O velho e o novo rural em Araras: análise do desenvolvimento rural a partir de uma categorização dos setores censitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-20) Farbelow, Marcus Vinícius; Montebello, Adriana Estela Sanjuan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326971138357942; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4749660956412878
The rapid and intense transformations that took place in the Brazilian countryside generated new configurations and productive arrangements, which, in different combinations and tensions with the so - called traditional formations, can be considered responsible for the complexity and heterogeneity prevailing in the contemporary rural landscape. In spite of the growing number of studies dedicated to the theme, there are very few that seek to analyze the diversity of compositions existing within the municipalities. The present work aims to contribute to the literature on rural development and rural settings by proposing to classify the rural sectors of the municipality of Araras, State of São Paulo, through the Demographic Census (2010), State of São Paulo, using criteria that allow them to capture their specificities (sectors for tourism, agricultural sectors, recreational farms, among others). In addition, this dissertation aims to present a Rural Development Index (IDR) for each category of the municipality in question, providing subsidies for the formulation and implementation of public policies. The methodology used was Group Analysis. The results obtained allow us to conclude that, even in a relatively small municipality, there are different rural realities, which demand different modes of interpretation and intervention. Considering that, this work has sought to generate not only the application of the same methodology in other areas of interest (municipalities, hydrographic basins, microregions, among others), but also to improve the techniques utilized and to carry out complementary studies, mainly off qualitative character, related to the multiple configurations of the rural world
A mean-field game model of economic growth : an essay in regularity theory
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-20) Lima, Lucas Fabiano; Pimentel, Edgard Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4664734271138581; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9171086482555658
In this thesis, we present a priori estimates for solutions of a mean-field game (MFG) defined over a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝd. We propose an application of these results to a model of capital and wealth accumulation. In Chapter 1, an introduction to mean-field games is presented. We also put forward some of the motivation from Economics and discuss previous developments in the theory of differential games. These comments aim at indicating the connection between mean-field games theory, its applications and the realm of Mathematical Analysis. In Chapter 2, we present an optimal control problem. Here, the agents are supposed to be undistinguishable, rational and intelligent. Undistinguishable means that every agent is governed by the same stochastic differential equation. Rational means that all efforts of the agent is to maximize a payoff functional. Intelligent means that they are able to solve an optimal control problem. Once we describe this (stochastic) optimal control problem, we produce a heuristic derivation of the mean-field games system, which is summarized in a Verification Theorem; this gives rise to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation (HJ). After that, we obtain the Fokker-Plank equation (FP). Finally, we present a representation formula for the solutions to the (HJ) equation, together with some regularity results. In Chapter 3, a specific optimal control problem is described and the associated MFG is presented. This MFG is prescribed in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝd, which introduces substantialadditional challenges from the mathematical view point. This is due to estimates for the solutionsat the boundary in Lp. The rest of the chapter puts forward two well known tips of estimates: theso-called Hopf-Lax formula and the First Order Estimate. In Chapter 4, the wealth and capital accumulation mean-field game model is presented. The relevance of studying MFG in a bounded domain then becomes clear. In light of the results obtained in Chapter 3, we close Chapter 4 with the Hopf-Lax formula, and the First Order estimates. Three appendices close this thesis. They gather elementary material on Stochastic Calculus and Functional Analysis.