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Expor o corpo para revelar a carne: das sensações ao pensamento em Irreversível, de Gaspar Noé
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-21) Righetti, Mario Sergio; Monzani, Josette Maria Alves de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0505156751073470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3381222972515938
The proposal of this research is to analyze the film Irreversible (2002), by the French-Argentine filmmaker Gaspar Noé, in an effort to reflect and relativize on the thematic, aesthetic and ideological aspects present in the work, more specifically discussing the way in which the filmmaker makes use of a radical cinematography proposal that would establish a tension in the sensory and affective sharing between the body of the screen, the camera body and the viewer's body. The filmmaker is based on an aesthetic of the corporeal that presses for the existential question and at the same time for the obsession with an explicit and abject visuality that exposes the body to reveal the flesh. The cinematic body of Noé uses haptic image and sound traversing a sometimes batailleano path, through transgression, sensoriality and experimentation, which began in his earlier films Carne (1991) and I Stand Alone (1998). As we seek to point out in this work, these films are marked by the exhibition of immanent corporeity and carnal affection – through which the filmmaker's ‘obsessions’ were mapped here, as a way of finding the core of the ethical-aesthetic issues he induced and reflected in search of the subjectivity and the thought of the spectator.
Os fundidores de metal na Colômbia e no Brasil: um estudo transversal em Popayán e São Carlos no campo CTS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-21) Enríquez, Maribel Deicy Villota; Pedro, Wilson José Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8135701448186851; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6524738672317276
The present study aims to describe and characterize the transformations of the handcrafted crafts in metallurgy and goldsmithing in Popayán - Colombia and São Carlos - Brazil, through a transversal study in relation to the trade of the blacksmith and jeweler. It is an interdisciplinary study carried out in the perspective of social studies of science and technology (CTS). Adopting the descriptive methodology, combining techniques of the ethnographic and historical method, in particular the collaborative investigation. Procedures were adopted for documentary analysis: the history of life and the reflective interview for purposes of data collection and empirical research. Seven artisans of both sexes, aged between 38 and 70 years, living in Popayán - Colombia and São Carlos / SP, Brazil, were interviewed. All ethical procedures in human research were observed. To analyze the data, we focus on three axes: the change of the blacksmith and jeweler's office, the life histories of the participants and the characterization of the craft techniques from distant times until today. Considering the significant changes in the surroundings of the craft trades today, the construction of the new social relations of the environment and the artisans is identified and analyzed. The presence of the theme of aging is pointed out, being the craftsman a protagonist of the active aging, whose work carried out during the life is strongly influenced by the technical-technological transformations. Being a craftsman is a profession that takes itself in the continuity of time, but that today is losing the possibility of being transmitted.
Padrões evolutivos inferidos por transcriptomas de moscas-das-frutas do gênero Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-21) Castillo, Carlos Congrains; Brito, Reinaldo Alves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6507370808858197
Anastrepha is a species-rich genus, with a geographic distribution that covers tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. Twenty-one species groups have been recognized in this genus, the most economically relevant being the fraterculus group, which has several representatives which are considered important agricultural pests. Moreover, this group also bears cryptic and closely related species that probably diverged with gene flow such as species in the A. fraterculus complex, A. obliqua and A. sororcula. Despite their importance, the evolutionary mechanisms involved in the rapid diversification of this group is unclear as well as their phylogenic relationships. To investigate the mechanisms of differentiation of these species, we analyzed male and female transcriptomes from reproductive and head tissues of A. fraterculus and A. obliqua. We found that male-biased genes evolve faster than female-biased and unbiased genes due to positive selection and relaxed selective constraints. Some of the positively selected and male-biased genes are involved with courtship behavior and fertility, which suggests that these genes may be involved in the differentiation of these species. We also investigated the phylogenetic relationships of Anastrepha lineages evaluating 20 female reproductive transcriptomes belonging to different 10 lineages. We inferred a cluster of high-quality orthologs and reconstructed a robust phylogeny of this group based on thousands of genes using multispecies coalescent methods. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that the serpentina group is basal to other groups here evaluated, and the bistrigata group is sister to the fraterculus group. The relationships among fraterculus groups specimens showed that A. obliqua formed only one lineage, whereas A. fraterculus complex from Brazil was divided into two groups, one probably including individuals from A. fraterculus Brazil 1 and another which its assignment to previously reported lineage remains unknow. Furthermore, although A. distincta has divergent ecological traits (host specialist) to A. fraterculus (s.l.) and A. turpiniae, the tree revealed that it is closely related to these species. We also found high levels of gene tree discordance due to incomplete lineage sorting and introgression. Interestingly, our findings indicated extensive ancestral introgression among fraterculus group lineages. Our study increased the genetic data available for these economically important species, and established a role of positive selection and hybridization in the diversification of the fraterculus group.