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Segurança alimentar e nutricional dos usuários dos restaurantes populares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-23)
Neves, Renata Siqueira Fonseca
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Sampaio, Sueli Fatima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737750473446351
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3579156386708644
Cross-sectional descriptive study with quantitative approach with the goal of evaluating (in) food and nutrition security of users of two popular restaurants in the city of São Carlos/SP. The data collection occurred in a random sample composed of 84 individuals, through the application of Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA), of Food Frequency Questionnaire (QFA) and of a socioeconomic questionnaire and of health. The analysis of the results was made with descriptive statistical analyzes to each one of the variables related to the economical profile, of health and the situation of (in) food security found. Correlated to the population profile, with the situation of (in) food and nutrition security found and the household food pattern. The situation of (in) food security, on both popular restaurants presented users in food and nutritional unsafety. In regards of household food pattern, the major food consumption is the cereals/legume group and the fruits and greenery group. It concludes that, the knowledge and institutional implication together with the popular restaurants program proposal to the city of São Carlos/SP, has contributed to the food and nutritional security of users, both from the safety feeding access and balanced nutritionally at low price point of view, and the food supply by the local family farmers utilized to the preparation of the meals served, and positively influencing on the user’s food choices at home and this way covering all the aspects that embrace the assurance meaning of the food and nutritional security.
Obtenção de nanocelulose bacteriana de kombucha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-24)
Góes, Thaís Soares de
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Menezes, Aparecido Junior de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0484426340349483
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Silva, Adriana de Oliveira Delgado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2707979913713089
In the last years, sustainable materials that provide less environmental impact are gaining special attention. In this context, cellulose, a natural and abundant polymer from several renewable vegetable and microbial sources, is being highlighted in related literature. Bacterial cellulose (BC) from microbial sources presents several advantageous properties as lignin and hemicellulose absence, high resistance to traction, elasticity, durability, and a high degree of crystallinity. Also, BC is biodegradable, non-toxic, and biocompatible. A less explored source of BC includes Kombucha membranes (KM), a by-product of Kombucha's ancient beverage. KM are cellulosic pellicles derived from the fermentation of black or green tea broth. Thus, the main objective of this study was the production and characterization of the physical and chemical properties of BC obtained from Kombucha’s bacterial cellulose membranes (KBCM) based on the fermentation of green tea broth with added sucrose. We also aimed at the production of bacterial nanocellulose from Kombucha beverage (BNKB) via a hydrolytic reaction. KBCM was produced using a symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeast during the fermentation of green tea broth and sucrose inoculated with an initial KBCM solution and fermented at 35°C for 21 days. After, the KBCM solution was purified using distilled water and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). BKNB were extracted via KBCM acid hydrolysis with 64% sulfuric acid at 50°C, and reaction time variation, followed by dialysis processes until reach a neutral pH value. KBCM were analyzed before and after the purification process using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Suspensions containing BNKB were characterized by AFM only. KBCM before and after purification were characterized by the techniques of atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS), infrared absorption spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR) and Diffraction X-ray (XRD). BNKB suspensions were characterized only by AFM. AFM and SEM analyzes revealed the morphology of the BNKB structures in long fibrous chains, which were clustered and interlaced. The relative intensities by XRD varied after the purification process, indicating a possible change in crystallinity. The presence of carbon and oxygen elements in KBCM before and after purification were also confirmed by EDS. Thus, it is concluded that through the mentioned characteristics and the BNKB morphology, they offer resistance in their cellulosic chains during the acid attack, which can be observed by the AFM images, due to the presence of curvatures in the KC nanofibrils, which by time it leverages it as a promising source of raw material for the production of new sustainable materials.
Reprodutibilidade da palpação unidigital e bidigital durante a avaliação da contração voluntária máxima do assoalho pélvico de mulheres de diferentes faixas etárias e validade de construto com a manometria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25)
Silva, Jordana Barbosa da
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Sato, Tatiana de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3456494998257229
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Driusso, Patricia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063
Introduction. Vaginal palpation and manometry are methods used to evaluate pelvic floor musculature (PFM). Through assessment, the physical therapist elaborate the diagnosis and treatment plan, identify possible muscle changes that may predispose PFM dysfunctions and monitors the results of treatment programs. Aims. The objectives of this study were: (1) To evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation during PFM function by assessment of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC); (2) To analyze the construct's validity between vaginal palpation and manometry. Methods. This is a reliability study conducted according Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). 120 women aged between 18 and 80 years participated and were allocated in three groups according to age (G1: 18–35; G2: 36–59; G3: ≥60 years). Three evaluators were responsible for data collection. Examiner A conducted an interview with the participants eligible for the study, by completing a semi-structured questionnaire to analyze the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics; and the Pelvic Floor Disability Index-20 (PFDI-20) to assess the presence of PFM dysfunctions. Then, Examiner A randomized the order of the physical assessment that were performed by Examiners B and C; and the order of vaginal palpation, performed by both examiners, and in two ways: unidigital and bidigital. From 7 to 10 days after the first assessment, Examiner B repeated the uni and bidigital palpation and performed the assessment of PFM function with Peritron manometer (Cardio Design Pty Ltd, Oakleigh, Victoria, Australia). Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 21.0. The reliability of vaginal palpation was analyzed using Cohen's weighted linear kappa test (κw) (0.00–0.20= none to mild; 0.21-0.40=regular; 0.41-0.60=moderate; 0.61-0.80=substantial; and 0.81-1.00= almost perfect) and the construct validity was analyzed using Spearman's correlation test for nonparametric data (0.00–0, 30=little; 0.30-0.50=poor; 0.50-0.70=moderate; 0.70-0.90=high; 0.90-1.00=very high), with significance level 5%. Results. The intra-rater reliability of uni- and bidigital palpation was κw=0.75 and κw=0.58 in G1; κw=0.59 and κw=0.73 in G2; and κw= 0.79 and κw=0.86 in G3, respectively. The inter-rater reliability of unidigital and bidigital palpation was κw=0.52 and κw=0.48 in G1; κw=0.47 and κw=0.52 in G2; and κw=0.50 and κw=0.64 in G3, respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficients were significant (rs=0.79 and rs=0.80) for unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation, respectively. Conclusion. Unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation are indicate to evaluate women between 18 to 59 years old, but bidigital palpation seems more reproducible in women aged 60 or more when two examiners performed the evaluation. During measurements performed by a single examiner, unidigital palpation is more reproducible in women between 18 to 35 years old, while bidigital palpation is more reproducible in women over 35 years old. Both uni- and bidigital palpation have high measures of validity.
Proposta de atividades para auxiliar o ensino de Matemática utilizando conceitos de Pensamento Computacional e robô programável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25)
Padua, Yuri Souza
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Felipussi, Siovani Cintra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2119337662024862
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3510008395772970
The country's education is central topic of many discussions due to the complexity associated with its multiple variables.The Programme for International Student Assessment - PISA - is one of the most relevant indicators, in which Brazil has not achieved good ranking especially when compared to South America countries. Among the weaknesses of the Brazilian educational structure, there is the need to insert more technology, such as robotics, programming and/or Computational Thinking as regular disciplinary content. However, the recently enacted Common National Curricular Base (BNCC in portuguese) - does not recognize these subjects as regular and / or essential in basic education, except for some aspects of Computational Thinking - CT. On the other hand, several countries in which technology integrates the curriculum, are among the best ranked in the same exams and, although these subjects are not predominantly responsible for superior performance, it is a motivating approach due to its adherence of these contents to demands of Science and everyday life. Considering the context presented above, this master's thesis aims to collaborate with suggestions for incorporating the CT and Educational Robotics in regular subjects for elementary school 1, taking into account several authors recommendations of interdisciplinarity between the CT and the regular subjects of basic education in the real environment, devoting more attention to the participants and the methodological approach rather than the technologies used. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to propose, teach and evaluate activities-classes that contribute to teaching of Mathematics and Computational Thinking in regular classes and using a programmable robot. The methodology used in the research was a qualitative and quantitative multiple-case study, being the first pilot-case with 3 classes from a public school with approximately 36h of classes, in which were collected data of the participants, LOGs of the algorithms and their opinions about classes using emoti-SAM and with approximately 80\% positive considerations. Similarly, in the second case study, 90h of classes were given to 91 children, totaling approximately 1,100 records collected with emoti-SAM, 23h of interviews, LOGs of the algorithms, pre/post-test and also the opinion of the participating teachers. Finally, the 18 Lesson Plans proposed, already taught in schools and evaluated in this master's degree are made available in this thesis. The main goal of this research is to contribute to discussions on unusual ways of approaching regular disciplines under the context of computational thinking and educational robotics.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes poliméricos de amido de milho com incorporação de fibras de bagaço de cevada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25)
Castanho, Maria Natalia
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Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7926832511513537
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2807864150195202
Interest in the use of starch for biodegradable films is growing due to being a natural, renewable, abundant and low cost source. However, starch films generally have low values of mechanical properties. Thus, this work uses barley bagasse, a residue from the brewing industry, as a reinforcement option for corn starch films, maintaining the biodegradability property. For this purpose, starch films were developed with incorporation of 1 to 5% of barley bagasse fibers in three different particle sizes (35, 60 and 100 mesh). To obtain the films was used a microwave apparatus for heating and, subsequently, cast by casting. Mechanical tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in fractured samples, dynamic mechanical-thermal analysis (DMTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative (DTG), differential exploratory calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (DRX), contact angle, biodegradation and toxicity tests were performed. In the tensile tests, the best results were for the films containing 2.5% barley with 35 mesh grain size and the film containing 1% barley with 100 mesh grain size, with tensile strength of 0.94 and 0.88 MPa and deformation 14,13 and 23.54%, when compared with barley film without added barley. DMTA analyzes determined the glass transition temperature of the films at approximately -46.7°C (± 1.8°C). Thermal analysis revealed that the addition of barley bagasse affected the thermal stability of the films. The contact angle test revealed hydrophilic character for the films. For the films used in the biodegradation test it was possible to observe higher CO2 emissions for the films containing barley, due to the higher carbon presence in these films.
Sustainable synthesis of ciclopentene derivatives through multicomponent reactions in continuous flow regime
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25)
Broterson, Yoisel Bueno
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Paixão, Márcio Weber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5588787534722285
Sustainable chemistry has gained relevance in recent years, not only in the fine chemical industry, but also in organic synthesis. This new conception of chemistry allows the development of environmentally friendly processes, by minimizing waste generation as well as in reducing the handling of hazardous chemical reagents. However, this approach encourages the use of "sustainable or green" substrates and solvents. In this context, the use of continuous flow has been extended at an exponential rate in organic synthesis, due to the various applications to the synthesis of derivatives of natural products of interest to the pharmaceutical industry. In order to contribute in the area, this project aimed to develop a new stereoselective methodology for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted cyclopentenes through sustainable approach. Combination of organocatalysis and multicomponent reactions as synthesis tools was chosen. Both methodologies allowed the use of green solvents, as well as the incorporation of continuous flow techniques in the substitution of batch methods. The multicomponent stage represented significant advances in the development of a more sustainable methodology. Finally, the designed methodology can be considered as a sustainable protocol for the synthesis of analogues of natural products, enantiomerically enriched, quick and efficiently.
Generalização recombinativa de leitura sob contingências individuais e de grupo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25)
Silva, Thays Nogueira da
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7243863545703049
Group contingencies can be present in many situations. In teaching situations, they are planned in such a way that reinforcing consequences depend on the combined performance of the participants. This arrangement has been used to promote the learning of different skills in the school context. However, studies generally evaluate the same set of responses, making it necessary to investigate whether, and how, group contingencies affect the generalization and the emergence of new skills. An investigation strategy consists of applying teaching procedures based on the stimulus equivalence paradigm, which favor the learning of a set of directly taught relations and the emergence of new relations, derived from those taught. This study aims to employ group contingencies in the application of a program for teaching relations between stimuli and between stimuli and responses that characterize the repertoires of reading and writing. This program (ALEPP) has been extensively evaluated and promotes high levels of learning relations between spoken words, printed words and pictures, and the emergence of new (equivalence) relations between these same stimuli. A by-product, which does not necessarily result from the learning of relations, but from the possibility of abstraction of subunits (textual and sonorous) that are repeated in the constitution of the words taught, is the emergence of recombinative generalization, that is, the reading of new words that include sequences different from those subunits. The ALEPP program offers a controlled situation under which the effect of group contingencies was assessed. 18 elementary school students with learning difficulties participated, aged between eight and 12 years, with low rates of writing and varying degrees of correct reading (10% to 50%). Participants were divided into six groups of three students each, so each group brought together children with different levels of reading who could help each other. Half of the children performed the activities together, but the consequences (tokens) were presented according to individual performance, in a Individual Behavior-Dependent Contingency (CDI) system. The other half performed the same activities, but the rewards of each student depended on the behavior of all members of the group, characterizing a Group Dependent Contingency (CDG). In the CDI group, each student obtained (or not) tokens, depending on their own successes; at CDG, obtaining tokens depended on the number of correct answers from all members of the group. Tokens were exchanged for preferred items at the end of the session. Data analysis verified the effects of individual and group contingencies on social interaction and performance in the reading program: percentage of correct answers in the emergency and recombinative generalization. The procedures were conducted according to a group design with pre and post-test for the overall results, but also followed a multiple baseline design between teaching steps to analyze individual behaviors. The results showed that some participants learned to read the words directly taught and showed recombinative generalization (reading novel words), therefore replicating the results of previous studies in which students worked individually. However, in each trio, only one of the participants acquired the target repertoires, while the other two participants reached very low levels of reading. In conclusion, the application of the teaching program ALEPP under group contingencies did not guarantee the necessary conditions for all participants to benefit from the programmed teaching activities.
A relação entre inteligência emocional e mindfulness em estudantes universitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25)
Costa, Islana Ferreira
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Nascimento, Monalisa Muniz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9444899939943716
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1017310334038752
Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Mindfulness have been widely studied in recent years. EI involves cognitive skills of emotions, while Mindfulness works awareness of the present moment and what is being lived. Mindfulness has been related to the improvement of information within the individual, such as emotion, so studies have been done to prove this association. Thus, the goal of this research was to contribute with more data about the relationship between EI and Mindfulness, taking as a sample the Brazilian population. 129 individuals of both sexes participated in the study (Women N = 101, 78.3%; Men N = 28, 21.7%) aged between 18 and 68 years (M = 26.82; SD = 11,746, Md = 21), students from two different universities from the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants answered three assessment instruments: the FFMQ-BR - Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; ICE 3.0 - Emotional Skills Inventory; and BIE - Emotional Intelligence Assessment Battery, as well as a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results showed that gender did not affect the level of EI or Mindfulness, but the age group did, and older participants had higher scores for both phenomena. The relationship between the two constructs is significant, positive and moderate considering the self-report EI, but only a few significant correlations were observed for performance EI. Furthermore, a Regression Analysis was made and it showed that the facets Observation, Description and Non-Reactivity, of Mindfulness, were predictors of self-report EI. The facet Act with Awareness, of Mindfulness, and Age were predictors of performance EI.
Dinâmica climática e comportamento térmico em distintas local climate zones em uma cidade tropical costeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25)
Pereira, Camila Tavares
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Masiero, Érico
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167
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Bourscheidt, Vandoir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8224261649535795
In recent decades, recognizing the harmful effects of urbanization on human health, numerous studies have been carried out in tropical and subtropical cities, mainly regarding Urban Heat Islands (UHI) and thermal comfort. In addition, advances in the field of applied urban climatology were made using the methodology developed by Stewart and Oke (2012), based on the classification of the environment in Local Climate Zones (LCZ). In this perspective, this thesis aimed to evaluate the dynamics and thermal behavior that different LCZs, conditioned by physical, social, and economic aspects, have on the formation and alteration of the microclimate in the city of Santos (São Paulo). For this, several methods and tools were adopted in order to produce relevant information about the city's climate. In this way, three main approaches were analyzed and discussed on the present thesis: the UHI seasonality in LCZs; the influence of different urban spaces on the surface and mean radiant temperature; and thermal comfort in different LCZs. The seasonal variability of the UHI was analyzed based on the collection of climatic data during summer and winter under "ideal weather conditions". The results showed two thermal behaviors distinct from the UHI in the LCZs. During the night time, maximum UHI values were observed in the compact high-rise building (HRB), while in the daytime, higher UHI magnitudes were observed in the compact low-rise (CLR2), both showing the influence of the sky view factor and vegetation in the UHI. Regarding the second approach, in order to observe the influence of urban morphologies on the mean radiant temperature and on the surface temperature, two methodologies were used: calculation of the surface temperature and simulations of the urban model. The first was obtained through the Land Surface Temperature plugin (QGIS - v2.8.9), and the second from The Solar LongWave Environmental Irrandiance Geometry model (SOLWEIG, v2019a - QGIS). In both analyzes, the contribution of vegetation and the shading of buildings were evident in the reduction of the mean radiant temperature and in the surface temperature. In the third approach, HRB and CLR2 were chosen for the analysis of thermal comfort, using the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), calculated through SOLWEIG. Thus, the socio-spatial distinction of LCZs formed from the valuation of spaces was evident, mainly due to the tourism market, which influences the urban infrastructure available in each area until today. These spaces were decisive for the levels of thermal comfort observed during summer and winter in the two LCZs. Thus, the results showed the critical situation of thermal stress of CLR2 citizens, especially during the summer. In such a way, the thesis advanced both in the theoretical enrichment of the urban climate of a tropical coastal city and in the question of planning, when discussing the variables that may contribute to the environmental quality of each LCZ.
Biossíntese de nanopartículas de ouro por Paenibacillus polymyxa e Paenibacillus terrae
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-26)
Carvalho, Carina Miranda
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Kurachi, Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194007981724312
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0965679818809044
In order to synthetize gold nanoparticles utilizing a green process, this work intended to produce nanoparticles using bacterial crude extract. Paenibacillus polymyxa (PP) and P. terrae (PT) have biotechnological interest in medical field, and some studies have been showing the potential of endophytic microorganisms in the production of antitumoral and antibacterial substances. Nanoparticles biosynthetic techniques are no toxic and clean when compared to traditional ones, where there is intensive energy consumption and sometimes may involve toxic chemical substances. Metallic nanoparticles have important applications in medical field, specially the gold ones. Through the nanoparticles biosynthesis using P. polymyxa and P. terrae, the process was optimized considering the synthesis time, the extract concentration, the wavelength and the particle size. The experiment was divided into phases where the best focus (1, 1: 2, 1: 4, 1: 8 and 1:16) was analyzed, observing through UV-Vis spectroscopy (without visible ultraviolate) at 540 nm the best absorption of light (how much) in relation to time and over 72 hours in a 12-hour interval. As the best indicators were 1: 2 and 1: 4, for both phyto-bacterial extracts and 12 to 24 hours as the best periods. The next phase was analyzed hourly for 24 hours, with the values 1: 2 and 1: 4, for (in relation to) light absorption at 540 nm and in the spectral range of 300 to 800 nm, demonstrating a statistic of gold nanoparticle for 1: 2 dilution, whose peak at around 540 nm, and as of 7 am are already described. Based on the results of the characterization by DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering - Dynamic Light Scattering) and absorbance, such as gold nanoparticles synthesized through crude extractions PP 1: 2 and PT 1: 2 were as obtaining better results, obtaining the average level of 262 nm and 372 nm, respectively, in monodispersed systems, with the following analyzes (occurrences) after 7 hours of biosynthesis reaction, obtaining greater results between 12 and 24 hours. The main absorption was detected at the red spectral range.
Influência da morfologia e do cisalhamento na produção de enzimas celulolíticas por Aspergillus niger
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-26)
Buffo, Mariane Molina
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018
Issues related to sustainability and development of renewable and less polluting processes are increasingly in evidence, due to the various environmental crises and a greater concern with the scarcity of non-renewable resources, such as oil. Therefore, a bio-based world economy is emerging in response to the global and environmental challenges. An example of a bio-based product are cellulolytic enzymes. This enzymes are produced mainly by filamentous fungi Trichoderma and Aspergillus. Such enzymes are important in several industrial sectors, how for example in the production of second generation ethanol, another important product of biological basis, renewable and environmentally friendly since it uses agro-industrial waste in its manufacture. However, one of the bottlenecks in the production of second generation ethanol, which makes it still uncompetitive compared to first generation ethanol and petrol oil, is the high cost of cellulolytic enzymes. The present thesis studied two important variables related to the production of cellulolytic enzymes, cell morphology and shear conditions, in an attempt to improve the production of cellulite enzymes by A.niger in bioreactors. The shear suffered by A.niger was quantified through the fragmentation suffered by the microorganism’s pellets in different bioreactors, impellers and operating conditions. Through image analysis and measurements of the average diameter of the pellets over time it was possible to propose a kinetics for the pellet fragmentation. The fragmentation of the pellets was mainly dependent on the type of bioreactor and the agitation speed. The airlift bioreactor was less harmful to the microorganism and higher agitation speeds took to more abrupt fragmentation. The shear kinetic parameters were directly related to the production of cellulolytic enzymes, with lower shear conditions favoring the production of endoglucanase and more intense conditions producing β-glucosidase. Regarding with the morphology, a technique of concomitant change of pH and spore concentration in the inoculum was successfully used to obtain different morphologies of A. niger, since larger pellets to almost completely dispersed morphology. Such morphological change was quantified through a proposed morphological parameter, which considered the frequency of each morphological class and a form factor that represents a characteristic dimension of each morphological form. The measures were possible through image treatment of the filamentous fungi, the images were obtained under a microscope and stereoscope using specific software to be treats. Inoculums with morphologies of pellets, clumps and dispersed were then tested in the production of cellulolytic enzymes, and a greater production of endoglucanase was obtained with inoculum in the pelletized form, value approximately three times higher when compared to dispersed morphology, for shaker results. In oposite a greater production of β-glucosidase was obtained with inoculum in the dispersed form, this value is four times higher in the flask assays and 160% higher in the bioreactors.Such results show the importance of the shear and morphology variables in the production of cellulolytic enzymes by A. niger and how such influences may be different, depending on the metabolite under study.
Poéticas aprop(r)iadas: formas de reescritura y traducción en la obra de Héctor Hernández Montecinos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-26)
Omaña, Jesús Alexander Montoya
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Alves-Bezerra, Wilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602719736498812
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-595X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0421542157262461
Héctor Hernández Montecinos (1979), is an author belonging to the generation called Novísimos poetas chilenos, who has reiteratedly practiced appropriation as a technique, especially in his book Debajo de la Lengua (2009), which contains more than 250 rewrites of Latin American authors. This dissertation aims to review the poetic work of Hernández Montecinos from the analysis of appropriation as rewriting and translation. For this purpose, in the first chapter, we investigate the concept of appropriation as a category that concerns multifaceted processes carried out in the poetry of the 21st century through a space proposed since the 20th century. We determined it when studying the poetics of Hernández Montecinos in Debajo de la Lengua (2009) as a set of relations that this poetics executes with those who appropriates, noticing its function through a contextual selection in which rewrites and co-autoreal procedures are created for the elaboration of an archive of Latin American poetry sources. In the second chapter, we examine the rewrites that Héctor Hernández Montecinos made through the appropriation of the book-object La poesía chilena (1978) by Juan Luis Martínez, which are found in the section "] lapoesíachilenasoyyo [" of [comma] in La Divina Revelación (2011), specifically those elaborated to the books Poema de Chile (1967), by Gabriela Mistral, and U (1926), by Pablo de Rokha. In this sense, we analyze the book-object of study of Juan Luis Martínez as a potential embryo for the appropriation poetics of Héctor Hernández Montecinos and its interference as a dialogue in a selection replica for the creation of modified utopias in the rewrites of Gabriela Mistral and Pablo de Rokha. Finally, in the third and final chapter, we study the translation made by Héctor Hernández Montecinos of the shamanic manifests of the Brazilian poet Roberto Piva: “Manifesto utópico-ecológico em defesa da poesia e do delírio” (1983), “Manifesto da selva mais próxima”(1984),“O século XXI me dará razão (se tudo não explodir antes)”(1984), in one of the sections of Debajo de la Lengua (2009), where it fictionalizes a language called “mutant portuñol ”, to which we investigated in the manifesto as a prolonged discursive genre from the avant-garde and its exploration as a hybrid and utopian language in the 21st century.
“O trabalho aqui é igual cantiga de passarinho: de segunda a segunda” - mulheres na produção do bolo de arroz em Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-26)
Silva, Regiane Caldeira da
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Mancuso, Maria Inês Rauter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3208435983286140
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9368992366687268
Through using food as a way of reading and understanding diferent angles of society, the rice cake was selected. From the point of view of production, this research has revealed that the rice cake, a typical dish of Mato Grosso State is often a work carried out by women. Rice and cassava make up the material base of the cake. Other ingredients are added depending on the knowledge and taste of those who produce it. Memory, orality and tradition make up its immaterial basis. The purpose of this study was to explore aspects that go beyond the popularity and glamor of rice cake as a typical dish of Mato Grosso State and sought to identify individuals, translate actions, meanings and relationships, often invisible, that intertwine in the construction of this identity element and the very life. Through interviews, observations, photographic records, bibliographic research and online media, there were found to be many diverse methods in which the rice cake is produced within this region. Production is driven by various motivations, the most significant being family economics. The knowledge, highlighted in the case studies, is traditionally shared among women. With such a wide range of traditions and practises, each producer adopts their own specific form of production, tempering the delicacy with its own history, knowledge, memories, beliefs, and interests, making it unique. This know-how continues to be passed on, especially through orality tradition. Other methods of sharing, however, are gaining momentum, especially with the advent of social media and other online platforms. This study has presented a way in which to identify and understand the more diverse styles of living which are not always revealed to the untrained eye. The difficult and often undervalued nature of this work, as highlighted in this study, shows how the rice cake provides opportunities to identify very ordinary people in everyday life and allows you to visualise that meaning, from a different perspective. These daily activities reveal the basic building blocks of society, as expected.
Desenvolvimento de fibras compósitas ultrafinas de policaprolactona, pectina e zeólita faujasita para acondicionamento de cloxacilina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27)
Rivas, Bárbara Bernardi Pedreira
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Paris, Elaine Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8475640212486290
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1577462733670822
Bovine mastitis and hoof diseases are infections responsible for great economic losses in the Brazilian agricultural sector. Such losses are associated with a reduction in milk and meat production leading to extreme cases of premature loss of infected animals. Conventional drug applications to treat these infections offer difficulties in application, causing pain and stress to the animal. In this sense, the use of fiber-based dressings is attractive because it is less invasive and provides better recovery conditions. Thus, the present study aimed to obtain biopolymeric fibers of polycaprolactone (PCL) and pectin (PEC) reinforced with faujasite zeolite (FAU) designed for cloxacillin loading. The FAU phase was optimized using the sol-gel method, with hydrothermal treatment varying between 2 and 6 h. Electrospinning parameters and polymers concentrations were varied in order to achieve PCL:PEC fibers with best properties. The optimal combination of the PCL: PEC blend was used to immobilize FAU (2.5% w/w) in order to improve ceramic reinforcement in the fibers. Finally, fibers bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated after loading 20% (w/w) cloxacillin. The X ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyzes confirmed that 3 h of treatment formed the FAU phase without contamination, with polydispersed sizes in the range of 100 to 2000 nm and a high specific surface area of 347 m2 g-1. Zeta potential indicated that the particles are stable in dispersion, presenting a value of - 48 mV. Thus, FAU particles have high specific surface area and desirable dispersibility to reinforce the membrane with homogeneity. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that 10% (m/v) of PCL, flow of 1,2 mL h-1 and spinning distance of 10 cm yielded the most homogeneous fibers with the smallest diameter (240 nm). PCL:PEC thermogravimetric analysis profiles indicated that 10% (m/m) is the maximum pectin content capable of being inserted into the fiber. Fibers contact angle and microscopy images after degradation essay, in phosphate buffer medium (pH 5,5), showed that 10% PEC increased the membrane hydrophilicity, from 126° to 104°, accelerating the fiber degradation process. For PCL:PEC:FAU fibers it was possible to verify that the presence of FAU contributed to the increase in hydrophilicity, resulting in an angle of 81°, and also improved the material tensile strength, increasing from 0.5 to 3 MPa. The fibers loaded with cloxacillin presented an inhibition halo for the bactericidal assay with Staphylococcus aureus, indicating the antimicrobial activity through the diffusion of the antibiotic. In this way, PCL:PEC:FAU composite fibers presented desirable properties such as greater hydrophilicity, resistance to traction and bactericidal activity, suggesting its potential as transdermal membranes for wounds.
A influência das áreas verdes na percepção térmica humana do meio urbano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27)
Bellei, Bianca Sobrinho
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Masiero, Érico
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2921890933529307
Urban green areas have remarkable relevance to the environmental quality of the urban space and to the citizens' quality of life, interfering with social and environmental issues as well as health and thermal comfort issues. The objective of this research is to identify the influence of green areas, such as parks and squares, on the thermal sensation of the inhabitants of the city of São José do Rio Preto -SP. Microclimatic data were obtained, such as air temperature, globe temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and speed at points inside and outside in 4 urban vegetated areas in the city, as well as the application of questionnaires related to the sensation of users. Microclimate information and interviews were used to calculate the PET comfort index. The 4 study areas were classified within the LCZ system. Among the results, it is noteworthy that the places that had the highest rate of users satisfied with the thermal environment were the points within the green areas, and that PET had values up to 5.9ºC lower inside the green area compared to its adjacency. The air temperature reached 3.5ºC less inside the green area. It was also observed that the Perception of the User was not always equivalent to the values of PET, and that not always more favorable values of PET are correlated with a higher percentage of green area. The parameter that most influenced user comfort was SVF, with the area with the lowest percentage of FVC having the highest percentage of thermal comfort.
The crew scheduling and routing problem in road restoration
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27)
Arteaga, Alfredo Daniel Moreno
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Alem Junior, Douglas José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0744448264150067
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Munari Junior, Pedro Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1328868140869976
Extreme events as large-scale disasters can cause partial or total disruption of basic services such as water, energy, communication and transportation. In particular, recovering the transportation infrastructure is of ultimate importance in post-disaster situations, to enable the evacuation of victims and the distribution of supplies to affected areas. Road restoration, one of the main activities in this context, is a complex activity due to its inherent decisions that must be taken quickly and under uncertainty, such as the allocation of resources and the scheduling/routing of the crews that perform the restoration activities. In this thesis, we address road restoration by means of the Crew Scheduling and Routing Problem (CSRP), which integrates scheduling and routing decisions. The problem also involves the design of relief paths to connect a supply depot to demand nodes that become accessible only after the damaged nodes in these paths are repaired. We start addressing the basic variant of the CSRP, which considers a single crew available to perform the repair operations and minimizes the accessibility time of the demand nodes. Then, we extend the problem to consider multiple heterogeneous crews and uncertainties in the repair times via robust optimization. Also, we introduce the minimization of the latency of the demand nodes, where the latency of a node is defined as the accessibility time plus the travel time from the depot to that node. To solve the CSRP and the proposed extensions, effective solution methods based on Benders decomposition are proposed. We propose three types of solution approaches: branch-and-Benders-cut algorithms (BBC), metaheuristics based on simulated annealing and genetic algorithm, and hybrid branch-and-Benders-cut algorithms (HBBC). We develop two BBC algorithms. The first BBC has a master problem with scheduling decisions while the crew routing and the design of relief paths are considered in the subproblems. The second BBC considers the crew scheduling and relief path decisions in the master problem and a subproblem with the routing decisions. The metaheuristics operate on a subproblem representing the scheduling decisions and call for specialized algorithms to optimize the crew routing and the relief path decisions as well as to determine the feasibility and cost of the proposed schedule in the original CSRP. The HBBC combines the metaheuristics with the BBC algorithm. Computational experiments using instances from the literature are performed to verify the performance of the solution methods. The experiments show that the solution approaches developed so far improve the results of other exact and heuristic methods from the literature for the single crew CSRP. Computational experiments with real-world instances based on real disaster situations, such as floods and mass movements in the state of Rio de Janeiro - Brazil, are performed to validate the new proposed multicrew and robust extensions of the problem and they show that the proposed approaches are able to find good quality solutions for practical-sized instances.
Modificações ventilatórias induzidas pela hipóxia intermitente aguda em condições não anestesiadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27)
Mendonça Junior, Bolival Apparecido
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Zoccal, Daniel Breseghello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1958567557189244
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3183025514588182
It has been described that intermittent hypoxia (IH, periods of hypoxia followed by normoxia), as observed in some pathological situations, promotes, acutely, a sustained increase in respiratory motor activity, dependent on the release of serotonin in areas of the central nervous system (brainstem and spinal cord). This effect has been demonstrated mostly in vagotomized and anesthetized animal preparations, which exhibited a potentiation of inspiratory and expiratory motor activities in response to acute IH (AIH). Evidence about the effects of AIH on respiratory activity in non-anesthetized conditions is scarce, especially considering the possible changes in the partial pressure of blood gases and body temperature that might follow such respiratory changes. In the present study, we found that pulmonary ventilation of unanesthetized Holtzman rats (80-150g, n = 9) submitted to 10 cycles of AIH (6% O2 for 30-40 s, every 5 minutes) was elevated compared to control animals (maintained in normoxia, n = 13), due to a long-lasting increase in tidal volume (P <0.05), but not in respiratory frequency, which peaked 30 minutes after the last hypoxia exposure. AIH-treated rats also exhibited increased expiratory flow events during the second stage of the expiratory phase, indicating the presence of active expiratory pattern (events not seen in control animals). The compensatory increase in ventilation and active expiration elicited by AIH were associated with reduced arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2, n = 5) and a significant reduction in body temperature (n = 6, P <0.05). The pre-treatment with the antagonist for serotonin type 2 receptor (5-HT2), ketanserin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), was able to prevent the ventilatory changes induced by AIH, the emergence of active expiration (n = 11) and the reduction in PaCO2 (n = 5). On the other hand, ketanserin treatment potentiated the AIH-mediated response of the reduction in body temperature (n = 5, P <0.05). Moreover, we verified that the generation of active expiration after AIH was not associated with the phosphorylation of AMPA glutamate receptors (n = 3 / group) in the retotrapezoid nucleus – a brainstem region related to the generation of active expiration – thus demonstrating that it might occur through other mechanisms. Our findings indicate that AIH, in unanesthetized conditions, promotes a long-term increase in pulmonary ventilation associated with changes in the breathing pattern (generation of active expiration) and changes in body temperature. Such respiratory modifications are associated with the recruitment of serotonergic signaling, while a decrease in body temperature that does not require the activation of 5-HT2 receptors.
Ocupações de mães de bebês pré-termos durante a internação e após a alta hospitalar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27)
Menegat, Danusa
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Joaquim, Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7719481657895650
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2631530907050078
Introduction: Occupations refer to practical and intentional activities that allow people to act independently and acquire a sense of identity. The construction of a person's occupational identity is shaped, over time, by occupational experiences. Mothers of preterm babies face numerous challenges in their occupational performance, which can threaten the development of occupational identity as a mother. This theme is little explored in research. Objective: To identify the occupations of mothers of preterm babies in the contexts of hospitalization and hospital discharge, and to analyze their relationship with the process of construction of maternal occupational identity. Method: This is a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, using the Human Occupation Model (MOH) as a conceptual framework. Data were collected during the baby's admission to the Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit (NICU); in the first week and one month after hospital discharge, at the baby's consultation at the High Risk Follow-up Clinic at the same institution. Nine women participated, mothers of preterm newborns admitted to the NICU, graduating from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), from an institution located in the city of São Paulo. The following instruments were used: 1) Identification Form; 2) Diary of Occupations and 3) Semi-structured interview. For the analysis, the data from the interviews were recorded and the transcripts were subjected to thematic content analysis; the results found in the Occupation Diaries were distributed based on the definitions and classifications of occupations and activities presented by the American Association of Occupational Therapy (AOTA). Results: Occupations related to motherhood concern the care and interaction with the child, the preparation for the baby's discharge from the learnings at the NICU and the performance of the maternal role at home, with autonomy and responsibility, although receiving support family members. After discharge, occupational changes occur, mainly, taking precautions with a preterm baby, such as, for example, restrictions on visits and administration of the baby's medications without constant help from the team. From the interviews, five thematic categories emerged: Pregnancy; Birth of a preterm; Maternity in the face of the child's hospitalization: difficulties and limitations; Child hospitalization: facilitating aspects and Construction of maternal occupational identity. Still, the semi-structured interview allowed the identification of occupations related to motherhood, considered significant / important and satisfactory / pleasurable, in the mothers' perception, in the three moments of the research. During the baby's hospitalization, the participants considered the activities as significant and satisfactory: breastfeeding / offering milk, taking care of the child and observing the team. One week after hospital discharge, visit restriction was considered a significant activity; and being with the baby all the time generated satisfaction. One month after discharge, those activities considered significant and satisfactory were the activities related to the interaction; and the child's basic and health care, such as the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and administering medication, which are only significant. Discussion: The study allowed to know the construction of the occupational identity of mothers of preterm babies from the identification of occupations that made sense to them and the changes experienced in this process. In addition, the hospital and home environment demanded changes and daily occupational choices that expressed the transformation in the occupational identity of the participants. The data reaffirm the maternity of the preterm child, as a private experience and permeated by environmental, social and emotional contexts in facing this new reality. Final considerations: The data obtained are similar to studies on the maternity of a preterm baby, however, the direction for Occupational Therapy brought a unique aspect to this research, since it pointed out the activities performed, related to motherhood from the perspective occupation, by mothers who start this role in an environment and with a baby “different” from what is naturally expected. In addition, the study contributes to the understanding of the construction of maternal occupational identity in the context of hospitalization of preterm babies and in the first days at home, using the MOH precepts, which can assist in the instrumentalization of Occupational Therapists for the practice with mothers, facilitating them to engage in activities that constitute the complex world of motherhood as an occupation.
"Ninguém quer uma pessoa trans por perto": escolas como espaços protetivos ou reprodutivos da transfobia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27)
Sonetti, Sara Laham
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Garcia, Marcos Roberto Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3911188481669270
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9135554404804668
This research seeks to analyze the effects that transphobia frequently reproduced in schools can have on the mental health of trans people. The school proves to be a very determinant space in the mental health and well-being of students, since it is a place where students spend a great deal of time. Discourse analysis based on 5 interviews, two of them with trans women and three with trans men, showed that the school can at times position itself as a protective space, with measures aimed at reducing injuries to the physical and mental health of trans people, becoming a welcoming and transforming environment in relation to the prevailing hegemonic pattern that is reproduced in intrafamily and social relationships. However, in the narratives, the reproduction by schools of transphobia predominated in their daily lives, showing the harmful effect of prejudice and discrimination, negatively influencing the mental health of trans people and making it difficult for them to stay in schools.
Aplicação de Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) para síntese de óxidos anódicos sobre alumínio em eletrólito contendo íons Ag+
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27)
Rodrigues, Andressa
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Sikora, Mariana de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0687998062355165
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Trivinho-Strixino, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9740223649776400
The growing concern with the quality of food by consumers, has led the industry to new technologies to guarantee this condition. Antimicrobial films appear as active packaging that, in addition to protecting and conditioning the product, also provides an extra barrier against microbiological agents through substances incorporated in the packaging. In this work, the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique was used to produce oxide coatings on aluminum metallic substrate, whose characteristics of being a light, resistant, low-cost and recyclable metal, make it widely used in food packaging industry. In the PEO process, the metal is oxidized in a high electric field, reaching the potential for rupture of the oxide, and complex physical and chemical phenomena are observed on the surface of the substrate. This treatment is capable of promoting changes in the oxide film, improving their mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion. The anodization process was performed in galvanostatic mode, with a current density of 20 mA⁄cm², and an alkaline electrolyte of 0.1 mol.L-1 sodium silicate. In addition, ionic silver (AgNO3 1 mmol.L-1) was added to the electrolyte, due to its bactericidal property already known in the literature, and Ag particles are incorporated into the coating giving it the property of an antimicrobial film. Oxides were synthesized at different anodizing times (20 and 60 minutes), and the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique coupled with the Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy (EDS) technique revealed that a greater amount of Ag in the oxide film was achieved in a shorter treatment time, it was also possible to observe Ag particles deposited on the oxide surface in this condition. The RBS analysis confirmed the large amount of Ag present on the sample surface prepared in a shorter treatment time (S20Ag), as well as the presence of Oxygen on the surface due to the presence of aluminum oxide in all samples. The morphology of the films revealed a porous structure, and the profilometry analysis showed that the roughness of the films increases with the treatment time. In addition, the X-ray analysis revealed the presence of the γ-Al2O3 crystallographic phase and the Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of Al-O, Si-O, Si-Al-O, and OH bonds. Finally, the bactericidal test carried out with the bacterium S. Aureus showed that coatings produced in a longer treatment time, regardless of the presence of Ag, resulted in greater inhibition (~ 85%), and for less treatment time the presence of Ag increased up to 6 times the antimicrobial activity of the coating when compared to the coating without Ag.