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Reprodutibilidade da palpação unidigital e bidigital durante a avaliação da contração voluntária máxima do assoalho pélvico de mulheres de diferentes faixas etárias e validade de construto com a manometria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25) Silva, Jordana Barbosa da; Sato, Tatiana de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3456494998257229; Driusso, Patricia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6419640145149798
Introduction. Vaginal palpation and manometry are methods used to evaluate pelvic floor musculature (PFM). Through assessment, the physical therapist elaborate the diagnosis and treatment plan, identify possible muscle changes that may predispose PFM dysfunctions and monitors the results of treatment programs. Aims. The objectives of this study were: (1) To evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation during PFM function by assessment of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC); (2) To analyze the construct's validity between vaginal palpation and manometry. Methods. This is a reliability study conducted according Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). 120 women aged between 18 and 80 years participated and were allocated in three groups according to age (G1: 18–35; G2: 36–59; G3: ≥60 years). Three evaluators were responsible for data collection. Examiner A conducted an interview with the participants eligible for the study, by completing a semi-structured questionnaire to analyze the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics; and the Pelvic Floor Disability Index-20 (PFDI-20) to assess the presence of PFM dysfunctions. Then, Examiner A randomized the order of the physical assessment that were performed by Examiners B and C; and the order of vaginal palpation, performed by both examiners, and in two ways: unidigital and bidigital. From 7 to 10 days after the first assessment, Examiner B repeated the uni and bidigital palpation and performed the assessment of PFM function with Peritron manometer (Cardio Design Pty Ltd, Oakleigh, Victoria, Australia). Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 21.0. The reliability of vaginal palpation was analyzed using Cohen's weighted linear kappa test (κw) (0.00–0.20= none to mild; 0.21-0.40=regular; 0.41-0.60=moderate; 0.61-0.80=substantial; and 0.81-1.00= almost perfect) and the construct validity was analyzed using Spearman's correlation test for nonparametric data (0.00–0, 30=little; 0.30-0.50=poor; 0.50-0.70=moderate; 0.70-0.90=high; 0.90-1.00=very high), with significance level 5%. Results. The intra-rater reliability of uni- and bidigital palpation was κw=0.75 and κw=0.58 in G1; κw=0.59 and κw=0.73 in G2; and κw= 0.79 and κw=0.86 in G3, respectively. The inter-rater reliability of unidigital and bidigital palpation was κw=0.52 and κw=0.48 in G1; κw=0.47 and κw=0.52 in G2; and κw=0.50 and κw=0.64 in G3, respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficients were significant (rs=0.79 and rs=0.80) for unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation, respectively. Conclusion. Unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation are indicate to evaluate women between 18 to 59 years old, but bidigital palpation seems more reproducible in women aged 60 or more when two examiners performed the evaluation. During measurements performed by a single examiner, unidigital palpation is more reproducible in women between 18 to 35 years old, while bidigital palpation is more reproducible in women over 35 years old. Both uni- and bidigital palpation have high measures of validity.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes poliméricos de amido de milho com incorporação de fibras de bagaço de cevada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25) Castanho, Maria Natalia; Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7926832511513537; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2807864150195202
Interest in the use of starch for biodegradable films is growing due to being a natural, renewable, abundant and low cost source. However, starch films generally have low values of mechanical properties. Thus, this work uses barley bagasse, a residue from the brewing industry, as a reinforcement option for corn starch films, maintaining the biodegradability property. For this purpose, starch films were developed with incorporation of 1 to 5% of barley bagasse fibers in three different particle sizes (35, 60 and 100 mesh). To obtain the films was used a microwave apparatus for heating and, subsequently, cast by casting. Mechanical tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in fractured samples, dynamic mechanical-thermal analysis (DMTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative (DTG), differential exploratory calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (DRX), contact angle, biodegradation and toxicity tests were performed. In the tensile tests, the best results were for the films containing 2.5% barley with 35 mesh grain size and the film containing 1% barley with 100 mesh grain size, with tensile strength of 0.94 and 0.88 MPa and deformation 14,13 and 23.54%, when compared with barley film without added barley. DMTA analyzes determined the glass transition temperature of the films at approximately -46.7°C (± 1.8°C). Thermal analysis revealed that the addition of barley bagasse affected the thermal stability of the films. The contact angle test revealed hydrophilic character for the films. For the films used in the biodegradation test it was possible to observe higher CO2 emissions for the films containing barley, due to the higher carbon presence in these films.
A relação entre inteligência emocional e mindfulness em estudantes universitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25) Costa, Islana Ferreira; Nascimento, Monalisa Muniz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9444899939943716; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1017310334038752
Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Mindfulness have been widely studied in recent years. EI involves cognitive skills of emotions, while Mindfulness works awareness of the present moment and what is being lived. Mindfulness has been related to the improvement of information within the individual, such as emotion, so studies have been done to prove this association. Thus, the goal of this research was to contribute with more data about the relationship between EI and Mindfulness, taking as a sample the Brazilian population. 129 individuals of both sexes participated in the study (Women N = 101, 78.3%; Men N = 28, 21.7%) aged between 18 and 68 years (M = 26.82; SD = 11,746, Md = 21), students from two different universities from the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants answered three assessment instruments: the FFMQ-BR - Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; ICE 3.0 - Emotional Skills Inventory; and BIE - Emotional Intelligence Assessment Battery, as well as a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results showed that gender did not affect the level of EI or Mindfulness, but the age group did, and older participants had higher scores for both phenomena. The relationship between the two constructs is significant, positive and moderate considering the self-report EI, but only a few significant correlations were observed for performance EI. Furthermore, a Regression Analysis was made and it showed that the facets Observation, Description and Non-Reactivity, of Mindfulness, were predictors of self-report EI. The facet Act with Awareness, of Mindfulness, and Age were predictors of performance EI.
Generalização recombinativa de leitura sob contingências individuais e de grupo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25) Silva, Thays Nogueira da; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7243863545703049
Group contingencies can be present in many situations. In teaching situations, they are planned in such a way that reinforcing consequences depend on the combined performance of the participants. This arrangement has been used to promote the learning of different skills in the school context. However, studies generally evaluate the same set of responses, making it necessary to investigate whether, and how, group contingencies affect the generalization and the emergence of new skills. An investigation strategy consists of applying teaching procedures based on the stimulus equivalence paradigm, which favor the learning of a set of directly taught relations and the emergence of new relations, derived from those taught. This study aims to employ group contingencies in the application of a program for teaching relations between stimuli and between stimuli and responses that characterize the repertoires of reading and writing. This program (ALEPP) has been extensively evaluated and promotes high levels of learning relations between spoken words, printed words and pictures, and the emergence of new (equivalence) relations between these same stimuli. A by-product, which does not necessarily result from the learning of relations, but from the possibility of abstraction of subunits (textual and sonorous) that are repeated in the constitution of the words taught, is the emergence of recombinative generalization, that is, the reading of new words that include sequences different from those subunits. The ALEPP program offers a controlled situation under which the effect of group contingencies was assessed. 18 elementary school students with learning difficulties participated, aged between eight and 12 years, with low rates of writing and varying degrees of correct reading (10% to 50%). Participants were divided into six groups of three students each, so each group brought together children with different levels of reading who could help each other. Half of the children performed the activities together, but the consequences (tokens) were presented according to individual performance, in a Individual Behavior-Dependent Contingency (CDI) system. The other half performed the same activities, but the rewards of each student depended on the behavior of all members of the group, characterizing a Group Dependent Contingency (CDG). In the CDI group, each student obtained (or not) tokens, depending on their own successes; at CDG, obtaining tokens depended on the number of correct answers from all members of the group. Tokens were exchanged for preferred items at the end of the session. Data analysis verified the effects of individual and group contingencies on social interaction and performance in the reading program: percentage of correct answers in the emergency and recombinative generalization. The procedures were conducted according to a group design with pre and post-test for the overall results, but also followed a multiple baseline design between teaching steps to analyze individual behaviors. The results showed that some participants learned to read the words directly taught and showed recombinative generalization (reading novel words), therefore replicating the results of previous studies in which students worked individually. However, in each trio, only one of the participants acquired the target repertoires, while the other two participants reached very low levels of reading. In conclusion, the application of the teaching program ALEPP under group contingencies did not guarantee the necessary conditions for all participants to benefit from the programmed teaching activities.
Sustainable synthesis of ciclopentene derivatives through multicomponent reactions in continuous flow regime
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25) Broterson, Yoisel Bueno; Paixão, Márcio Weber; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5588787534722285
Sustainable chemistry has gained relevance in recent years, not only in the fine chemical industry, but also in organic synthesis. This new conception of chemistry allows the development of environmentally friendly processes, by minimizing waste generation as well as in reducing the handling of hazardous chemical reagents. However, this approach encourages the use of "sustainable or green" substrates and solvents. In this context, the use of continuous flow has been extended at an exponential rate in organic synthesis, due to the various applications to the synthesis of derivatives of natural products of interest to the pharmaceutical industry. In order to contribute in the area, this project aimed to develop a new stereoselective methodology for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted cyclopentenes through sustainable approach. Combination of organocatalysis and multicomponent reactions as synthesis tools was chosen. Both methodologies allowed the use of green solvents, as well as the incorporation of continuous flow techniques in the substitution of batch methods. The multicomponent stage represented significant advances in the development of a more sustainable methodology. Finally, the designed methodology can be considered as a sustainable protocol for the synthesis of analogues of natural products, enantiomerically enriched, quick and efficiently.
Dinâmica climática e comportamento térmico em distintas local climate zones em uma cidade tropical costeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25) Pereira, Camila Tavares; Masiero, Érico; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167; Bourscheidt, Vandoir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8224261649535795; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3065780693111631
In recent decades, recognizing the harmful effects of urbanization on human health, numerous studies have been carried out in tropical and subtropical cities, mainly regarding Urban Heat Islands (UHI) and thermal comfort. In addition, advances in the field of applied urban climatology were made using the methodology developed by Stewart and Oke (2012), based on the classification of the environment in Local Climate Zones (LCZ). In this perspective, this thesis aimed to evaluate the dynamics and thermal behavior that different LCZs, conditioned by physical, social, and economic aspects, have on the formation and alteration of the microclimate in the city of Santos (São Paulo). For this, several methods and tools were adopted in order to produce relevant information about the city's climate. In this way, three main approaches were analyzed and discussed on the present thesis: the UHI seasonality in LCZs; the influence of different urban spaces on the surface and mean radiant temperature; and thermal comfort in different LCZs. The seasonal variability of the UHI was analyzed based on the collection of climatic data during summer and winter under "ideal weather conditions". The results showed two thermal behaviors distinct from the UHI in the LCZs. During the night time, maximum UHI values were observed in the compact high-rise building (HRB), while in the daytime, higher UHI magnitudes were observed in the compact low-rise (CLR2), both showing the influence of the sky view factor and vegetation in the UHI. Regarding the second approach, in order to observe the influence of urban morphologies on the mean radiant temperature and on the surface temperature, two methodologies were used: calculation of the surface temperature and simulations of the urban model. The first was obtained through the Land Surface Temperature plugin (QGIS - v2.8.9), and the second from The Solar LongWave Environmental Irrandiance Geometry model (SOLWEIG, v2019a - QGIS). In both analyzes, the contribution of vegetation and the shading of buildings were evident in the reduction of the mean radiant temperature and in the surface temperature. In the third approach, HRB and CLR2 were chosen for the analysis of thermal comfort, using the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), calculated through SOLWEIG. Thus, the socio-spatial distinction of LCZs formed from the valuation of spaces was evident, mainly due to the tourism market, which influences the urban infrastructure available in each area until today. These spaces were decisive for the levels of thermal comfort observed during summer and winter in the two LCZs. Thus, the results showed the critical situation of thermal stress of CLR2 citizens, especially during the summer. In such a way, the thesis advanced both in the theoretical enrichment of the urban climate of a tropical coastal city and in the question of planning, when discussing the variables that may contribute to the environmental quality of each LCZ.
Proposta de atividades para auxiliar o ensino de Matemática utilizando conceitos de Pensamento Computacional e robô programável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25) Padua, Yuri Souza; Felipussi, Siovani Cintra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2119337662024862; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3510008395772970
The country's education is central topic of many discussions due to the complexity associated with its multiple variables.The Programme for International Student Assessment - PISA - is one of the most relevant indicators, in which Brazil has not achieved good ranking especially when compared to South America countries. Among the weaknesses of the Brazilian educational structure, there is the need to insert more technology, such as robotics, programming and/or Computational Thinking as regular disciplinary content. However, the recently enacted Common National Curricular Base (BNCC in portuguese) - does not recognize these subjects as regular and / or essential in basic education, except for some aspects of Computational Thinking - CT. On the other hand, several countries in which technology integrates the curriculum, are among the best ranked in the same exams and, although these subjects are not predominantly responsible for superior performance, it is a motivating approach due to its adherence of these contents to demands of Science and everyday life. Considering the context presented above, this master's thesis aims to collaborate with suggestions for incorporating the CT and Educational Robotics in regular subjects for elementary school 1, taking into account several authors recommendations of interdisciplinarity between the CT and the regular subjects of basic education in the real environment, devoting more attention to the participants and the methodological approach rather than the technologies used. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to propose, teach and evaluate activities-classes that contribute to teaching of Mathematics and Computational Thinking in regular classes and using a programmable robot. The methodology used in the research was a qualitative and quantitative multiple-case study, being the first pilot-case with 3 classes from a public school with approximately 36h of classes, in which were collected data of the participants, LOGs of the algorithms and their opinions about classes using emoti-SAM and with approximately 80\% positive considerations. Similarly, in the second case study, 90h of classes were given to 91 children, totaling approximately 1,100 records collected with emoti-SAM, 23h of interviews, LOGs of the algorithms, pre/post-test and also the opinion of the participating teachers. Finally, the 18 Lesson Plans proposed, already taught in schools and evaluated in this master's degree are made available in this thesis. The main goal of this research is to contribute to discussions on unusual ways of approaching regular disciplines under the context of computational thinking and educational robotics.