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Biossíntese de nanopartículas de ouro por Paenibacillus polymyxa e Paenibacillus terrae
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-26) Carvalho, Carina Miranda; Kurachi, Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194007981724312; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0965679818809044
In order to synthetize gold nanoparticles utilizing a green process, this work intended to produce nanoparticles using bacterial crude extract. Paenibacillus polymyxa (PP) and P. terrae (PT) have biotechnological interest in medical field, and some studies have been showing the potential of endophytic microorganisms in the production of antitumoral and antibacterial substances. Nanoparticles biosynthetic techniques are no toxic and clean when compared to traditional ones, where there is intensive energy consumption and sometimes may involve toxic chemical substances. Metallic nanoparticles have important applications in medical field, specially the gold ones. Through the nanoparticles biosynthesis using P. polymyxa and P. terrae, the process was optimized considering the synthesis time, the extract concentration, the wavelength and the particle size. The experiment was divided into phases where the best focus (1, 1: 2, 1: 4, 1: 8 and 1:16) was analyzed, observing through UV-Vis spectroscopy (without visible ultraviolate) at 540 nm the best absorption of light (how much) in relation to time and over 72 hours in a 12-hour interval. As the best indicators were 1: 2 and 1: 4, for both phyto-bacterial extracts and 12 to 24 hours as the best periods. The next phase was analyzed hourly for 24 hours, with the values 1: 2 and 1: 4, for (in relation to) light absorption at 540 nm and in the spectral range of 300 to 800 nm, demonstrating a statistic of gold nanoparticle for 1: 2 dilution, whose peak at around 540 nm, and as of 7 am are already described. Based on the results of the characterization by DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering - Dynamic Light Scattering) and absorbance, such as gold nanoparticles synthesized through crude extractions PP 1: 2 and PT 1: 2 were as obtaining better results, obtaining the average level of 262 nm and 372 nm, respectively, in monodispersed systems, with the following analyzes (occurrences) after 7 hours of biosynthesis reaction, obtaining greater results between 12 and 24 hours. The main absorption was detected at the red spectral range.
Influência da morfologia e do cisalhamento na produção de enzimas celulolíticas por Aspergillus niger
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-26) Buffo, Mariane Molina; Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452; Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4067015829295547
Issues related to sustainability and development of renewable and less polluting processes are increasingly in evidence, due to the various environmental crises and a greater concern with the scarcity of non-renewable resources, such as oil. Therefore, a bio-based world economy is emerging in response to the global and environmental challenges. An example of a bio-based product are cellulolytic enzymes. This enzymes are produced mainly by filamentous fungi Trichoderma and Aspergillus. Such enzymes are important in several industrial sectors, how for example in the production of second generation ethanol, another important product of biological basis, renewable and environmentally friendly since it uses agro-industrial waste in its manufacture. However, one of the bottlenecks in the production of second generation ethanol, which makes it still uncompetitive compared to first generation ethanol and petrol oil, is the high cost of cellulolytic enzymes. The present thesis studied two important variables related to the production of cellulolytic enzymes, cell morphology and shear conditions, in an attempt to improve the production of cellulite enzymes by A.niger in bioreactors. The shear suffered by A.niger was quantified through the fragmentation suffered by the microorganism’s pellets in different bioreactors, impellers and operating conditions. Through image analysis and measurements of the average diameter of the pellets over time it was possible to propose a kinetics for the pellet fragmentation. The fragmentation of the pellets was mainly dependent on the type of bioreactor and the agitation speed. The airlift bioreactor was less harmful to the microorganism and higher agitation speeds took to more abrupt fragmentation. The shear kinetic parameters were directly related to the production of cellulolytic enzymes, with lower shear conditions favoring the production of endoglucanase and more intense conditions producing β-glucosidase. Regarding with the morphology, a technique of concomitant change of pH and spore concentration in the inoculum was successfully used to obtain different morphologies of A. niger, since larger pellets to almost completely dispersed morphology. Such morphological change was quantified through a proposed morphological parameter, which considered the frequency of each morphological class and a form factor that represents a characteristic dimension of each morphological form. The measures were possible through image treatment of the filamentous fungi, the images were obtained under a microscope and stereoscope using specific software to be treats. Inoculums with morphologies of pellets, clumps and dispersed were then tested in the production of cellulolytic enzymes, and a greater production of endoglucanase was obtained with inoculum in the pelletized form, value approximately three times higher when compared to dispersed morphology, for shaker results. In oposite a greater production of β-glucosidase was obtained with inoculum in the dispersed form, this value is four times higher in the flask assays and 160% higher in the bioreactors.Such results show the importance of the shear and morphology variables in the production of cellulolytic enzymes by A. niger and how such influences may be different, depending on the metabolite under study.
Poéticas aprop(r)iadas: formas de reescritura y traducción en la obra de Héctor Hernández Montecinos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-26) Omaña, Jesús Alexander Montoya; Alves-Bezerra, Wilson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602719736498812; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-595X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0421542157262461; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-5661
Héctor Hernández Montecinos (1979), is an author belonging to the generation called Novísimos poetas chilenos, who has reiteratedly practiced appropriation as a technique, especially in his book Debajo de la Lengua (2009), which contains more than 250 rewrites of Latin American authors. This dissertation aims to review the poetic work of Hernández Montecinos from the analysis of appropriation as rewriting and translation. For this purpose, in the first chapter, we investigate the concept of appropriation as a category that concerns multifaceted processes carried out in the poetry of the 21st century through a space proposed since the 20th century. We determined it when studying the poetics of Hernández Montecinos in Debajo de la Lengua (2009) as a set of relations that this poetics executes with those who appropriates, noticing its function through a contextual selection in which rewrites and co-autoreal procedures are created for the elaboration of an archive of Latin American poetry sources. In the second chapter, we examine the rewrites that Héctor Hernández Montecinos made through the appropriation of the book-object La poesía chilena (1978) by Juan Luis Martínez, which are found in the section "] lapoesíachilenasoyyo [" of [comma] in La Divina Revelación (2011), specifically those elaborated to the books Poema de Chile (1967), by Gabriela Mistral, and U (1926), by Pablo de Rokha. In this sense, we analyze the book-object of study of Juan Luis Martínez as a potential embryo for the appropriation poetics of Héctor Hernández Montecinos and its interference as a dialogue in a selection replica for the creation of modified utopias in the rewrites of Gabriela Mistral and Pablo de Rokha. Finally, in the third and final chapter, we study the translation made by Héctor Hernández Montecinos of the shamanic manifests of the Brazilian poet Roberto Piva: “Manifesto utópico-ecológico em defesa da poesia e do delírio” (1983), “Manifesto da selva mais próxima”(1984),“O século XXI me dará razão (se tudo não explodir antes)”(1984), in one of the sections of Debajo de la Lengua (2009), where it fictionalizes a language called “mutant portuñol ”, to which we investigated in the manifesto as a prolonged discursive genre from the avant-garde and its exploration as a hybrid and utopian language in the 21st century.
“O trabalho aqui é igual cantiga de passarinho: de segunda a segunda” - mulheres na produção do bolo de arroz em Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-26) Silva, Regiane Caldeira da; Mancuso, Maria Inês Rauter; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3208435983286140; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9368992366687268
Through using food as a way of reading and understanding diferent angles of society, the rice cake was selected. From the point of view of production, this research has revealed that the rice cake, a typical dish of Mato Grosso State is often a work carried out by women. Rice and cassava make up the material base of the cake. Other ingredients are added depending on the knowledge and taste of those who produce it. Memory, orality and tradition make up its immaterial basis. The purpose of this study was to explore aspects that go beyond the popularity and glamor of rice cake as a typical dish of Mato Grosso State and sought to identify individuals, translate actions, meanings and relationships, often invisible, that intertwine in the construction of this identity element and the very life. Through interviews, observations, photographic records, bibliographic research and online media, there were found to be many diverse methods in which the rice cake is produced within this region. Production is driven by various motivations, the most significant being family economics. The knowledge, highlighted in the case studies, is traditionally shared among women. With such a wide range of traditions and practises, each producer adopts their own specific form of production, tempering the delicacy with its own history, knowledge, memories, beliefs, and interests, making it unique. This know-how continues to be passed on, especially through orality tradition. Other methods of sharing, however, are gaining momentum, especially with the advent of social media and other online platforms. This study has presented a way in which to identify and understand the more diverse styles of living which are not always revealed to the untrained eye. The difficult and often undervalued nature of this work, as highlighted in this study, shows how the rice cake provides opportunities to identify very ordinary people in everyday life and allows you to visualise that meaning, from a different perspective. These daily activities reveal the basic building blocks of society, as expected.