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“Direito dos manos”: percepções sobre o sistema prisional brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-28) Brichi, Ana Carolina; D'Affonseca, Sabrina Mazo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381029115416584; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4381115213293733
This research aimed to investigate whether the political position of an individual influences the conception of human rights of the incarcerated population. The online collection had the participation of 483 participants between 18 and 67 years old (M=29.3; SD=10.4), most of them female (53.8%), white (64.9%), high income (55.3%), and education (86.3%). They answered the Ideological Sympathy Scale and the Questionnaire on the Human Rights of the person deprived of liberty. It was found that, on average, participants agreed more with the liberalist view (M=12.7; SD=2.4) than the traditionalist view (M=5.8; SD=2.2) and most agreed with most of the rights, there was a correlation with statistical significance (p<0.001) between all the variables, and the liberalist political position presented a positive direction and the negative traditionalist with the assertions about human rights. The strength of the correlations were weak, explaining less than 10% of the association of the variables.
Refletindo as recentes catástrofes ambientais em território nacional: uma visão dos professores do curso de Ciências Biológicas da UFSCar de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-28) Constantino, André Luis; Carnio, Michel Pisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0198207700485715; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8254064525332881
In this work we aim to understand how higher education teachers interpret recent Brazilian environmental catastrophes. Three professors from the Biological Sciences Degree at UFSCar in São Carlos responded to a virtual questionnaire, and the responses were analyzed qualitatively. All teachers declared to be aware of the recent national environmental disasters, Mariana, Brumadinho and oil spill. They demonstrated very pertinent understandings regarding environmental catastrophes, considering their complexity and need for critical analysis, although on some occasions there are controversies regarding these phenomena and also the role of the media in communication. Despite the many ills and the destructive relationship between human beings and the environment, the teachers pointed out the need to look at this with perspectives of change and transformation towards a better society that is based on other types of socio-environmental values and practices – something which can guide research and practices related to this topic. This includes the need for conceptual precision when approaching such themes, searching for terms that can represent the intentionality and necessary accountability for environmental events. We believe that environmental education is extremely important in training people committed to the sustainability of humanity in its relationship with the environment, and understanding current scientific and technological development is fundamental to establishing more accurate diagnoses and proposing different horizons. We point to the idea of risk society as a great enhancer for Environmental Education and critical training in general.
Análise dinâmica e dimensionamento de um sistema pendular com roda de reação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-28) Masuno, Camila Ogata; Shiki, Sidney Bruce; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4271427249059134
Whether in robotics or even in space vehicles, reaction wheels, characterized by a rotating disk coupled to an inertia flywheel, act as actuators that confers a non-linear and under-acting behavior to the response. This particularity in the response allows several applications within mechatronic systems, such as in the balance control of a robot. This work presents the numerical-computational modeling and simulation of a system with reaction wheels and, finally, its project. The model developed is based on the Newton-Euler methodology for modeling mechanical systems whose equations of motion were computationally simulated, enabling the design of all system components. With the results obtained, the validity of the model built in this work was confirmed. That way, it is expected to get more clarity about this matter in order to enable different applications not yet explored.
Retratos de fase de sistemas de equações diferenciais lineares com coeficientes constantes de até terceira ordem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-28) Ventura, Gabriel Lacerda; Rezende, Alex Carlucci; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4190869482260889; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9912290901281229
This study was developed with the intention of investigating the phase portraits of all linear systems with constant coefficients up to third order. For this purpose, we will determine the systems solutions, perform an analytical study of them and sketch illustrations representing the portraits. Then, we may identify similarities and differences and classify the phase portraits according to the topological behavior, understanding the importance of this kind of classification. To achieve these goals, we will go through preliminaries that permeate first order linear differential equation, methods for finding solutions, linear systems, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, exponential matrices and Jordan matrices. Finally, we conclude that there is a large plurality of phase portraits, which increase with the dimension. For first dimension, we have three phase portraits that are geometrically different from each other, while for the second dimension, we have thirteen phase portraits and, for the third dimension, thirty seven portraits. Therefore, we understand the importance and facilitation of these topological conjugations, reducing the number of cases to three, seven and thirteen, for first, second and third orders, respectively.
Materiais didáticos em Limnologia como recurso pedagógico para educadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-28) Moura, Vitória Fabri de; Santino, Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356641063223397; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8701981787708311
Most of today's societies, inserted in the globalized world, have adopted abusive ways of life regarding water consumption. Water is of fundamental importance in the maintenance of the life of living beings, and Environmental Education (EE) is one of the main and most important means to ensure attitudes that impact on the conservation of springs and water bodies, being able to form generations that intervene and effectively solve environmental challenges and problems. EE directly influences the formation of generations that will use natural resources, shaping habits, in addition to shaping the way in which the improvement of sustainable development occurs and will occur. The term EE is increasingly present in Brazilian society, especially regarding water conservation, an abundant resource in the country. The perception of the environment and resources is an individual mental process, based on the individual relationship with the environment. It is essential that the child and adolescent have full knowledge so that it is possible to form and cognize a conscious citizen, who works in sustainable development. This study aimed to analyze, propose, and develop teaching materials that include EE for water conservation in line with SDG 6, with participatory methodologies in EE about Limnology. To formulate the materials, a research and study of selected materials were carried out, consisting of review articles, original articles, full articles in the annals of scientific events, monographs, dissertations and theses published between 2011 and 2021, with the descriptors: basic sanitation, waterborne diseases, water pollution and teaching material. In the last 10 years, the main means of teaching children and young people in EE have been introduced in other disciplines. They are interactive and practical, adapted for the age groups, with the objective of assertiveness, interaction, and development of a critical sense in practice, and that seek participatory and fun ways to retain knowledge. This analysis indicated the broad possibility of propositions and applications of pedagogical strategies following the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals focused on SDG 6 (Drinking Water and Sanitation).
Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos de Licenciatura em Letras Português/Espanhol de Universidades Públicas do estado de São Paulo: reflexões sobre variação linguística
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-28) Caliri, Izabel dos Santos; Yokota, Rosa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9230517686993400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6927634435188516
Esta tesis de maestría es una investigación sobre cómo los Proyectos Pedagógicos de Curso (PPC) de Letras abordan la variación lingüística. Es un estudio descriptivo, de paradigma cualitativo y de naturaleza documental. El corpus de la investigación está formado por siete PPCs de Cursos de Licenciatura en Letras Portugués-Español de cinco Instituciones de Educación Superior públicas del estado de São Paulo. Estos documentos estaban vigentes en 2020. El objetivo era reflexionar sobre el lugar de los estudios sobre la variación lingüística en los PPCs, centrándose en la formación del licenciando en lengua española, pero considerando las asignaturas que hacen parte de su plan de estudio y no solo las dedicadas a la enseñanza de lengua española. La base teórica para abordar el tema fue la Sociolingüística Educacional, según Bagno (1999, 2007), Faraco (2008, 2021), Lodoño, Cisnero Estupiñán e Idárraga (2012), Görski y Freitag (2013). Además, se consideró la legislación que sirvió de base para la elaboración de los respectivos PPCs. Para el análisis, se establecieron tres categorías: 1) Comité Redactor, 2) Asignaturas y su Distribución y 3) Legislación de Referencia. La hipótesis inicial era que los PPCs revelarían que la creencia en la lengua homogénea y en la importancia de una variedad del español, el español hablado en España, estaría presente en los documentos. Sin embargo, esta hipótesis no se materializó ya que sólo en un plan de estudio menciona el ‘español estándar” y todos los PPCs presentan asignaturas que abordan, de alguna manera, la variación lingüística de manera teórica y/o práctica. Cabe destacar que en los PPCs de instituciones cuyos cursos son más recientes se evidencia la articulación entre los contenidos teóricos y la práctica pedagógica, mientras que en los PPCs de cursos establecidos tienen más tiempo, aunque han sufrido reformulaciones, tal articulación no se hace explícita y destaca el carácter más teórico de las asignaturas, con menor evidencia de análisis centrados en la realidad escolar. A pesar de la importancia de la asignatura Sociolingüística para los Cursos de Licenciatura en Letras, esa asignatura no está contemplada como obligatoria en todos los PPCs analizados, de hecho, solo en tres de ellos y en otros aparece como optativa. Los PPCs, aunque vigentes en 2020, se basan en distintas resoluciones legales, lo que demuestra que los cursos no han realizado sus actualizaciones curriculares de manera continua y, por lo tanto, se supone que la reformulación exigida por la nueva legislación todavía está en debates internos y externos antes de ser implementada.
Protozoários intestinais em amostras de fezes submetidas ao exame de rotina em laboratórios de análises clínicas: uma revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-28) Garay, Júlia Caram; Viana, Semíramis Guimarães Ferraz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8880140590666355; Montagnolli, Renato Nallin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7455124733755299; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5582691571356432
Intestinal infections caused by protozoa contribute significantly to the burden of gastrointestinal diseases worldwide, but especially in less developed regions, where conditions associated with poor sanitation, water supply and hygienic habits favor the transmission of these parasites. Enteric protozoan species are associated with diarrheal diseases, often severe, especially in children and immunocompromised individuals. Even so, in routine, the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa has limitations, often underestimating the prevalence of infections in different populations. Thus, the present systematic review aims to synthesize and evaluate data available in the scientific literature on the prevalence of intestinal protozoa detected in stool samples submitted to routine examination in analysis laboratories, as well as on the parasitized population and the diagnostic methods used for the detection of these parasites. Searches were carried out in seven databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS and SciELO), without time and place restrictions, and language filters were used (Spanish, English and Portuguese). The articles obtained were reviewed and only those that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. The search in the databases resulted in the identification of 2754 publications, but only 20 met the selection criteria. All articles consisted of retrospective observational studies based on information about routine stool sample examinations performed in clinical laboratories located in Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana and Senegal), Middle East (Saudi Arabia and Iran), South America (French Guiana and Peru), Asia (India) and Europe (Italy). In total, 499.032 stool samples from individuals of both sexes and ages ranging from 11 days to 110 years were routinely examined. In 100% of the studies, microscopic examination was the technique of choice for the detection of intestinal parasites, with direct fresh examination being the most used laboratory method. Only two studies reported the use of molecular techniques and rapid immunochromatographic testing. The use of permanent staining techniques was reported in 80% of the studies. The prevalence of intestinal parasites detected in the selected studies ranged from 0,5 to 55,8%, and in 95% of the surveys infections caused by protozoa predominated and corresponded to 58 to 99% of the positive cases detected in the different laboratories. The prevalence of intestinal protozoa ranged from 0,5 to 46%. Pathogenic and non-pathogenic intestinal protozoan species were observed. Giardia duodenalis was the pathogenic species reported in 100% of the studies, followed by Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (85%) and Blastocystis spp. (60%). In addition to these, Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis, Cystoisospora belli and Dientamoeba fragilis were detected. Among the non-pathogenic species, Entamoeba coli was detected in most patients. In the present systematic review, the predominance and relatively high prevalence of intestinal protozoa reinforce the fact that the detection of these parasites in the human population is an important measure for the prevention and control of these infections, especially in less developed countries.
Boas práticas na atenção ao pré-parto, parto e puerpério na pandemia da COVID-19 na percepção de enfermeiras obstetras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-28) Freitas, Cira Cardoso; Bussadori, Jamile Claro de Castro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4549657176930635; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-5593; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9179181621035717; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9409-8085
The search for the perinatal healthcare quality based on good practices of healthcare on childbirth and on sexual and reproductive rights have been globally widespread in decades. However, with the COVID-19 pandemic scenario set up since the beginning of 2020, these rights, hardly achieved throughout years of progress, have been threatened. The requirement of quarantine to avoid the COVID-19 infection affected the perinatal care, with potential impact on labour, childbirth, and pospartum good practices, which are key to foster a positive childbirth experience. Aim: To investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on delivery and post-delivery good practices, through the insight of obstetric nurses. Methodology: A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study from the conceptual perspective of good practices on the labour and childbirth care. It is part of the multicentric project “Inquérito Nascer COVID” [COVID Birth Inquiry], from the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro [Triângulo Mineiro Federal University], in partnership with the Universidade Federal de São Carlos [São Carlos Federal University]. The study population consisted of obstetric nurses contacted by the Inquérito Nascer Covid team, because they were registered on the social media of the extension project “@nascer.e. COVID” /“Nascer e COVID”, from Instagram® and Facebook. Results: From the 13 midwives interviewed, most of them declared themselves white, between 25-46 years of age with lato sensu post-graduation, currently working on delivery direct assistance and receiving an average of 7 minimum wages. The interview data came from 3 subject categories: “Changing in the labour, childbirth and postpartum healthcare practices”, “Presence of a birth companion”, and “Support network”. Considerations: Although some study participants have reported a decreased impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the delivery good practices, most of them raises the question for a retrogression timeframe regarding the women’s rights at the cost of hygienist measures and virus transmission control in the pandemic timeframe, which can probably impact the experience of women in delivering. It is also worth mentioning professionals who provide healthcare in an out-of-hospital setting highlighted a minimal impact on good practices, and they believe this is the cause of an increasing search of this service by families.
O Teorema de classificação de superfícies fechadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-28) Souza, Gustavo Luciano de; Barros, Tomas Edson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5442017085057925; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2128573144146471
In this work we will study some concepts of algebraic topology such as fundamental group and simplicial complexes, then we will present a proof of the closed surface classification theorem.
Aspectos ecológicos e comportamental de vagalumes Bicellonycha lividipennis motschulsky, 1854 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) em áreas sob influência de iluminação artificial de vapor de sódio no município de Sorocaba-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-28) Mariano, Raone dos Reis; Viviani, Vadim Ravara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3942043373510668; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8877228132032571
The consequences of light pollution are reflected between vertebrates and invertebrates. One of the most affected organisms and target of study in this work are fireflies, especially lampyrids. The bioluminescence of these coleopterans is essential for carrying out their biological functions, mainly for inter and intraspecific communication. The present work verified the occurrence of Bicellonycha lividipennis Motschulsky, 1854 of the Lampyridae family, in swamp areas of Sorocaba-SP and region, with points affected or not by light pollution. Unlike other lampyrids, adults of this species persist in areas exposed to relatively high levels of artificial lighting (0.8-8.6 Lux) from a sodium vapor lamp. The twilight spectral overlap at the time of its activity, in contrast to the peak emission of the bioluminescence spectrum, may explain the smaller effect of sodium lamp lighting on this firefly. The results indicate that artificial lighting of Sodium vapor is less impactful to active fireflies at twilight. The beginning of these fireflies' activity during twilight, when there are still high levels of natural lighting, as well as the partial overlapping of the twilight ambient lighting spectra and artificial sodium lighting, explain the lower effect of lighting this type of sodium lamp. in firefly activity and occurrence.
Espanhol no ENEM: uma pesquisa documental sobre a compreensão leitora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-28) Palhares, Flaisiane Cristina ; Silva, Vera Lúcia Teixeira da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4421134009136228; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0590760344221803
Considerando la historia de la enseñanza de la lengua española en Brasil y la apreciación de la lengua a partir de la Ley 11.161/2005, la inclusión de cuestiones de lengua en el ENEM-Examen Nacional de Enseñanza Media en 2010; considerando también la eliminación del español en la BNCC- Base Nacional Curricular Común y consecuentemente en el examen, previsto a partir de 2024, creemos importante investigar las evaluaciones anteriores de los años 2010 y 2021 con el objetivo de indagar qué es la comprensión lectora y el habilidades específicas que los estudiantes deben desarrollar en el clase para un mejor desempeño en la prueba ENEM. Las preguntas orientadoras de la investigación se basaron en la premisa: qué habilidades/estrategias específicas necesita el estudiante para tomar el examen de español y si los estudiantes de educación básica tienen el mismo concepto y habilidades requeridas. Para ello, utilizamos la metodología de carácter cualitativo-interpretativo, “El investigador busca comprender la complejidad de las cosmovisiones que surgen de la construcción social, la historia y la cultura” (CRESWELL, 2014), es decir, el investigador asume una postura interpretativa a través de los instrumentos preparados previamente-establecidos para la obtención de datos. En la investigación en mención, dicha interpretación se realizará con el análisis de los niveles de comprensión lectora de los estudiantes en lengua española, además del análisis interpretativo del nivel de comprensión lectora exigido en las preguntas del ENEM, a través de instrumentos como: análisis de documentos, además de formularios con textos extraídos de los exámenes ENEM de 2010 a 2021, y notas de campo de la investigadora. Los participantes de este estudio fueron 30 estudiantes de secundaria de una escuela técnica del interior de São Paulo, además de hojas de lectura con textos tomados de las pruebas ENEM de 2010 a 2021, y notas de campo de la investigadora. Analizamos las preguntas de dos ediciones del examen, la de 2010, que fue el año de inserción de la lengua española, y la de 2021, la última aplicación. En general, encontramos que el examen exige del candidato un amplio conocimiento del mundo y lectura diversa, con una concepción psicolingüística, además del uso de estrategias específicas, principalmente la inferencia por parte del estudiante (MARCUSCHI, 2008).