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Avaliação do ciclo de vida da “Arena do Futuro”, construída segundo o Design para Desmontagem (dfd) para as Olimpíadas Rio 2016
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-15) Christovan, Carolina Polotto; Bueno, Cristiane; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2049901634471620; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3955-6589; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9647581460216203
Among the existing methods for analyzing the environmental performance of buildings, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) aims to evaluate the environmental impacts resulting from civil construction, from the extraction of raw materials to the disposal of waste. The civil construction sector has a large share of responsibility for the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) responsible for the greenhouse effect. Due to the high rate of emissions by the sector, the future of construction tends to make choices that target environmental factors; thus, all ways of quantifying and evaluating them gain prominence in this environment. In this paper, a case study is conducted to quantify the environmental impacts of the Arena do Futuro, built for the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The project follows Circular Economy principles, as it is designed with the aim of dismantling the building and subsequently constructing four public schools in the West Zone of Rio. The LCA was performed using three tools to establish a level of reliability of the results. To this end, the project was recreated on a BIM platform and the information related to it was used as input for the chosen LCA tools (Tally, One Click LCA and Athena Impact Estimator). The research has two main objectives: to analyze the arena as a whole and to evaluate the impacts avoided by reusing materials in the construction of public schools. The results showed that, due to the impact avoided by reusing materials, the overall impact drops to 40% of what would be generated if these materials were disposed of in landfills or conventional end-of-life solutions (i.e., approximately 60% of the impacts are reduced by the solution adopted for the end of life).
Linguagem corporal e expressividade: um olhar sensível para ‘crianças bem pequenas’ nas aulas de educação física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-15) Cintra, Rafaela Pereira; Couto, Yara Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2348643816717796; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-4889; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6529193858333337; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6577-8281
When we turn our gaze to the beginning of human development, we are faced with a vast field of experiences and experiments of 'very young children' to discover the world and themselves. As the guiding thread of the entire discovery process, we have the body that expresses itself through its movements in the most varied ways. This research aimed to identify and analyze the narratives about/with the body woven in the different relationships experienced by 'very young children' in Physical Education classes. This is qualitative research developed through a research of the type of pedagogical intervention by the teacher-researcher, aiming at the planning and carrying out of educational actions. The participants were early childhood education students regularly enrolled in Group 2 (G2), aged two years old, from a school in the upstate of Minas Gerais. There was the systematization of a Didactic Unit (DU), which included twelve classes evidenced by body language and expressiveness. In this DU, ludic pedagogical propositions were organized that favored meaningful learning for students by focusing on body language with the movement themes proposed by Rudolf Laban, as well as proposing an approximation and articulation to the Experiences Fields of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC). The experience lived during the proposals for exploring spaces, times, situations and materials was recorded through field diaries, photos and videos. The data produced in the field went through the Discursive Textual Analysis process which, in dialogue with the theoretical foundation, led to the construction of two metatexts: Body is Language: children's expressiveness through movement; and Field Experience and the Experiences Fields. The research also provided the opportunity to create a website as an Educational Product so that the whole experience of building and applying this Didactic Unit can be shared, as well as the experience of ‘very young children’.
Manejo de Rottboellia exaltata (Loureiro) W. D.Clayton através da interação e eficácia de herbicidas em cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-15) Ramos, Gustavo da Cunha; Monquero, Patricia Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766526793830455; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9123-1861; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1232623145589083; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8687-1063
One of the major limitations in the proper management of weeds is the lack of knowledge about how to control weeds correctly before and after the installation of our crop of interest. In this context, the species Rottboellia exaltata (camelote grass) is showing a significant increase in its infestations in sugarcane cultivated areas. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and interaction of herbicides applied post-emergence diquat (400 g.i.a.ha-1) and glyphosate (1175 g.i.a.ha-1) in association with herbicides applied pre-emergence pendimenthalin (1200 g.i.a.ha -1), clomazone (1000 g.i.a.ha-1), indaziflam (100 g.i.a.ha-1) and trifluralin (900 g.i.a.ha-1), in the control of Rottboellia exaltata after tillering of the species, with 3 fully expanded leaves, in addition to to analyze by means of a reseeding before the application of herbicides the control of the interaction of the treatments in the germination of the species. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design in a 15 x 6 factorial scheme with four replications, with 14 treatments including post and pre-emergence herbicides and a control without herbicide application, and the second factor consisted of six evaluations (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 DAA). It was possible to conclude through this work that the interaction and association between desiccant and residual herbicides proved to be the best way to control Rottboellia exaltata, being in short importance for its management. The treatments of diquat+pendimenthalin, diquat+clomazone, diquat+indaziflam, diquat+trifluralin, glyphosate+pendimenthalin, glyphosate+clomazone, glyphosate+indaziflam and glyphosate+trifluralin controlled 100% of the species and showed 0% germination of Rottboellia exaltata plants.
A química dos sabores: uma proposta contextualizada para o ensino de ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-15) Souza, Karen Franciele Ribeiro; Benedetti Filho, Edemar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5963704923612696
The present work dealt with the elaboration of a booklet on the subject chemistry of flavors to serve as material for scientific dissemination and also as complementary material for chemistry/science teachers to apply in their classes. The idea of writing a booklet was due to the scarcity of materials on this subject aimed at the high school public and also due to the importance of the subject in the life of society. The chemistry of flavors was chosen because it is a very broad, interesting subject that arouses curiosity in students. In addition, the material developed can be used in a contextualized and interdisciplinary way, exploring other areas of knowledge, such as biology, physics and history. This theme was also chosen for the possibility of exploring this interdisciplinary nature and applying it to the classroom. This work was carried out using the methodology: theoretical framework, since in general, a review of research and discussions by other authors on the subject is presented. During the research it was evidenced that the subject has scope to be worked in different ways in the classroom, being the most applied form through experimentation and thematic workshop. However, it was found that there are few specific materials on the subject aimed at teaching chemistry and therefore the importance of this work. Finally, the material was evaluated by some teachers working in the area in order to verify its quality and usefulness. As a result of the evaluation, it was possible to prove that the material is useful to be worked on in the classroom and also as material for scientific dissemination and also has a contextualized and interdisciplinary character, characteristics which are so important in the context of the current BNCC.
Estudo da presença de ferrita delta com a variação de níquel e tratamento térmico em um aço AISI 304L com ênfase nas propriedades mecânicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-15) Ricarte, Adrielle Débora; Koga, Guilherme Yuuki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3056944123496572
The properties of austenitic stainless steels can be degraded in service when containing delta ferrite in the microstructure. In small quantities, delta ferrite reduces susceptibility to solidification cracks and increases tensile strength, but reduces ductility. The distribution and quantity of the formed delta ferrite depend on the chemical composition of the steel and the speed of solidification. In these steels the addition of nickel stabilizes the austenite phase at room temperature, but control is necessary, because the change in the residual volumetric percentage of delta ferrite influences the mechanical properties. Thus, in this work, the ferrite delta phase in 304L steel after thermal treatments was analyzed. The influence of delta ferrite and heat treatments on mechanical properties was analyzed using optical microscopy (OM), thermodynamic calculations by calphad method, energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), delta ferrite quantification by magnetic permeability (ferritoscopy) method and hardness and tensile assays. The results obtained showed the decrease of this phase with the increase of annealing time, reaching practically its elimination with the treatment. The tensile behavior of the solubilized material decreases with respect to mechanical resistance, but ductility increases in the treated condition. The material without solubilization treatment presented properties opposite to the material with treatment, with maximum resistance and superior yield. It was also possible to observe that the solubilized samples presented a lower amount of ferrite and the ferrite aspect also differs from the non-solubilized samples, due to their dissolution and spartoidization after solubilization treatment. It was concluded that it is necessary to control the volumetric fraction of delta ferrite formed in austenitic stainless steels, being less than 3% in fully solubilized steels and up to 20% in fused steels, since it is mainly from this microconstituent that the sigma phase precipitates.
Análise comparativa em relação ao custo e consumo de materiais entre alvenaria estrutural e estrutura de concreto armado para a estrutura de um edifício residencial de 8 pavimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-15) Oliveira, Felipe Eduardo de Souza; Parsekian, Guilherme Aris; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215
The current civil construction market is constantly looking for new technologies that efficiently meet its growing demand, especially housing. Companies in the sector seek to optimize construction in order to promote higher quality at a lower price. The choice of the structural system to be adopted in an enterprise is based directly on that. The main objective of this work was to carry out a comparative analysis in relation to the cost and consumption of materials between two structural systems: structural masonry and reinforced concrete. For this, an 8- story model residential building designed in structural masonry, resized for reinforced concrete, was analyzed in order to obtain information on cost and consumption of materials for each constructive system in order to comparatively analyze the two systems, providing indications for the choice of the most economical structural system. Based on the analyses, a saving of 14% was obtained in the use of the system in structural masonry, in relation to the structure of the enterprise
Desenvolvimento de catalisador heterogêneo para síntese de biodiesel em sistema contínuo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-15) Souza, Wallas Douglas de Macêdo; Gonçalves, Alexandra Mary; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1292148611034352; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1668-3843; Assaf, José Mansur; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8112-7788; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5127795147387060; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-1390
The growing interest in biodiesel production has encouraged studies that enable the generation of national technology in this field, considering that, industrially, biodiesel is already produced in continuous systems, but the price of the final product is still high. In the present work, the objective was to synthesize and apply basic catalysts in heterogeneous biodiesel production processes through ethyl and methyl transesterification, aiming at the production of mechanically and chemically stable pellets for application in a system for the continuous production of biodiesel in a rotating reactor under heating. by microwave radiation. To this end, oxides of the x-SrO-CaO-Al2O3 type were synthesized using the hydrothermal method, followed by characterizations regarding their crystallinity, morphology, thermal profile and chemical composition. Initially, the synthesized catalysts were applied in a batch system for the ethyl and methyl transesterification model reaction, evaluating conditions such as contact time, reuse and homogeneous contribution and, then, in the reaction with soybean oil. Pelletization was carried out under different proportions between catalyst and binder, as well as by different heat treatments. After meeting the stipulated requirements, the pellets were applied in a continuous system under microwave irradiation. Conversion analysis was followed by gas chromatography. The results showed effectiveness in the hydrothermal synthesis method, which favored the formation of a catalyst suitable for transesterification (0.8-SrO-CaO-Al2O3). In just 5 minutes of reaction, 95% and 72% conversion for methyl and ethyl transesterifications, respectively, was achieved, with a homogeneous contribution of 5% for both cases. The 0.8-SrO-CaO-Al2O3 catalyst demonstrated stability for reuse, maintaining 95% conversion for 6 reaction cycles in methanolysis and ~80% for 4 cycles for ethanolysis. For the process carried out with vegetable oil in batch, 88% conversion to methanolysis was achieved after 60 min of reaction, however, under the same conditions adopted there was no conversion to ethanolysis. When applying the pellets in the proposed continuous system, it was noticed that the conversions were low (<5%), however, the material did not disintegrate in the process. In general, the need for new investigations to evaluate conditions that can maximize the catalytic activity of the pellet was perceived, since the use of the catalyst in this form represents a promising alternative to overcome the challenges linked to continuous production for packed bed systems.
A transversalidade entre as cidades sustentáveis e as cidades participativas no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-15) Valicente, Raiana Rassi; Oliveira, Celso Maran de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6032108188128989
The study of the transversality between sustainable cities and participatory cities is current and necessary because Brazilian urbanization was not planned and thus caused a negative impact on the population, when it should be an organized, systemic movement, thought in a sustainable and participatory way, led by citizens. Brazil, despite being the first country in the world to enact the right to the city, there are major challenges for this right to also embrace and materialize sustainable and participatory cities. This dissertation covers Environmental Sciences, Constitutional, Environmental and Urban Law, aiming to clarify possible indicators and characteristics that make cities have this classification, encompassing themes that impact the quality of life, people's well-being, democratic management and the protagonism of Brazilian citizens. The research was developed from the quali-quantitative method, through documentary and bibliographical research, survey analysis of legal and non-legal norms, books, national and international periodicals, official websites such as well as of the city halls, of the Munic-IBGE. The cities, considered sustainable by the Sustainable Cities of Brazil Program (2021), were analyzed, and also their main characteristics such as geographic location, administrative region, as well as current data such as population, GDP, education, HDI, through a qualitative method, identifying possible grouping by federative union, administrative region, number of inhabitants and if they had an identity profile. Next, it was analyzed whether the 20 Brazilian cities with the best sustainability performances (PCS, 2021) can also be considered participatory, through data such as the existence of a municipal environmental council and the holding of public hearings to involve citizen participation. The results showed that the 20 most sustainable cities in Brazil are located in the State of São Paulo, GDP above the national average, high schooling and 70% of them have a population below 20 thousand inhabitants and are concentrated in the Administrative Region of Campinas/SP. From the point of view of citizen participation, it was found that all of them have a deliberative municipal environmental council, which hold public, face-to-face and virtual hearings. It is inferred that although public participation does not presuppose sustainability, it provides a safe and democratic space for ideas and public policies, which can be focused on sustainability if its population would desire, looks forward to and participates. It is concluded that there are sustainable city indicators that reinforce the importance of providing participatory tools and instruments to its citizens
Atualização da distribuição geográfica de galhas e galhadores da espécie Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess (Calophyllaceae) no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-15) Pereira, Leonardo Alló; Urso-Guimarães, Maria Virginia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8718750802689009
Galls are structures that originate pathologically from a cell, tissue, or organ of a plant through chemical or mechanical stimulation of an inducer, which can be viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, mites, and insects. Insects are the most frequent and abundant inducers of aerial plant organs. This association causes the plant to lose nutrients and suffer consequences in its development. There may be more than one gall morphotype per plant species, and these can even be found simultaneously in different organs of the same individual. Because it is a species-specific interaction, it is possible to determine that each morphotype has its specific inducer, thus making it possible to infer its geographic distribution. The objective of this study is to update the geographic distribution of galls and galling insects associated with plants of the genus Calophyllum L., whose only species distributed in Brazil is Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. This species is widely distributed in Brazil. We searched for records of gall morphotypes in Calophyllum brasiliense specimens in all insect gall inventories in Brazilian biomes and in virtual herbaria from Brazilian and foreign institutions. As a result, four distinct morphotypes of galls induced by five species of cecidomyids (Lopesia caulinaris, Lopesia conspicua, Lopesia elliptica, Lopesia linearis, Contarinia gemmae) were found in Calophyllum brasiliense. The records varied in the five regions of Brazil, being more concentrated in restingas of São Paulo and in the Cerrado of Minas Gerais. One new morphotype was found and it is being described in this work.
Medrosas ou destemidas? O tamanho é importante para a distância de fuga em aves
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-15) Torrezin, Ágatha Pupo Nunes Luchini; Piratelli, Augusto João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7119128532038936
This study aimed to test, through human approach, the environmental and biological factors that may affect the escape behavior of Birds in urban green áreas in Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil. To achieve this goal, we monitored the flight distance of the Birds (i.e., the maximum distance that a predator can approach before the prey starts its antipredatory/escape behavior). Eighteen different species were sampled in three urban green áreas (Parque da Cidade, Jardim Botânico and Praça Rildo Michel Martilho). Bird body mass and total legth, and enviromental temperature were the variables related to the flight distances. Larger birds had greater flight distances, being less tolerant of human approach when compared to smaller birds. This approach provides insights to public policies and management strategies to integrate human presence and biological conservation, allowing citizens to enjoy green áreas, both urban and natural, simultaneously maintaining the diversity of Birds and ensuring the occorrence of ecological processes.
O ensino de ciências e biologia num clube de ciências sobre fake news
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-15) Botega, Beatriz Aparecida; Carnio, Michel Pisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0198207700485715; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5826625992410269
The present work aims to analyze and identify the possibilities of teaching work related to fake news during the COVID-19 global pandemic at the Science Club carried out in the Pedagogical Residence Program. A preceptor and three residents of the same school in São Carlos were interviewed, all of whom were part of a Science Club related to fake news. The interviews were semi-structured and held first with the preceptor teacher and later with the residents in the form of a focus group. The interviews were analyzed according to the framework and through them we built the following categories: Fake news and its implications for the educational process, Formative aspects of the Pedagogical Residency Program, and (Im)possibilities for the development of the Science Club during the pandemic. All participants cited fake news as being intentionally done in order to manipulate the public. In addition, the participants highlighted that teachers have a social role and are important for tackling fake news. The limitations faced mainly relate to the scarcity of information and details in the public notice, lack of student motivation, as well as absence of school support.
Novas metodologias de pesquisa para validar a importância do teor de materiais voláteis e de carbono fixo em materiais lignocelulósicos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-15) Silva, Diego Aleixo da; Yamji, Fabio Minoru; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4350770083480722
Brazil has potential for the cultivation of various biomasses of energy interest. Knowledge of the best energy parameters to evaluate a lignocellulosic biofuel is essential for this new scenario. Immediate analysis is a simple and inexpensive methodology to provide information for different fuels. The objective was to bring new interdisciplinary analyzes to have a holistic interpretation of the parameters that make up the immediate analysis. In the first chapter, a bibliographic review about lignocellulosic biomass was elaborated; context in the world and national matrix, chemical composition of the macrocomponents, immediate analysis, calorific value, elemental analysis. In the second chapter two, different analyzes were tested in the field of forest fires, seeking to establish an association with parameters of immediate analysis. Ten different types of lignocellulosic biomass were used. There was a strong correlation between the content of volatile materials and the ignition time and duration of flame of the tested biomasses. In chapter three, an isothermogravimetric analysis was tested in a muffle furnace. Tectona grandis biomass was used at six different temperatures in order to generate different values of fixed carbon. The correlation of fixed carbon with the time of thermal degradation of different materials was confirmed. In chapter four, an approach was made to the influence of humidity on biofuel. The results showed that higher humidity caused a longer ignition time and a shorter fuel flame duration. In the isothermogravimetric analysis it was observed that in the first thirty seconds the material loses all its moisture. In drier biomasses, part of the volatiles is also lost at the same time. Which is responsible for releasing the volatile flammable material that accelerated its ignition against the most humid biomasses. It is concluded that new methodologies were created and can be worked together with the immediate analysis